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| 1 | A Review of the Tetrapod Track Record in China,with Special Reference to Type Ichnospecies:Implications for Ichnotaxonomy and Paleobiology显示文摘切开并且 lumping 是在脊椎动物的永久问题,特别恐龙, ichnotaxonomy。中国恐龙 ichnotaxonomy,在 1940 开始了,提供一系列有趣的案例研究,加亮历史、可疑的 ichnotaxonomy 的双问题。中国中生代四足动物的轨道类型被放进 63 ichnospecies (一个三叠纪, 28 侏罗记,和 34 白垩纪) ,从中国识别的其它,非类型 ichnospecies 或 ichnotaxa 独占。(83%) 52 这 63 四足动物的 ichnospecies 被放在 monospecific ichnogenera。在 ichnogenus 水平,我们由认出 nomina dubia 或由从 53 恐龙的 ichnogenera (32% 减小) 的表的 synonymy17 的 pruneeither,离开我们认为有效的 36 ichnotaxa。大多数切割影响侏罗记 theropod ichnotaxa,它仅仅从 23 被归结为九因为大多数 ichnogenera 是 Grallator 和 Eubrontes 的主观年轻同义词。更少中国白垩纪 ichnotaxa (仅仅 21 ichnogenera 中的六个) 是明显的 nomina dubia 或主观同义词,建议更大的东方亚洲人 endemism 在期间这次。因为 ichnospecies 差别是微妙的,我们暂时地作为同种的 ichnospecies 的有效未解决的详细比较分析保留 ichnospecies。这合成是长迟到的并且对历史、省的 ichnotaxonomy 的地址问题必要,它严重地在空间和时间妨碍四足动物的 ichnofaunas 的比较。 | Martin G.LOCKLEY LI Jianjun LI Rihui Masaki MATSUKAWA Jerald D.HARRIS XING Lida | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，1： | 19 |
| 2 | An Unusual, Three-Dimensionally Preserved, Large Hadrosauriform Pes Track from 'Mid'-Cretaceous Jiaguan Formation of Chongqing, China显示文摘Three-dimensional tracks provide unique insights into the locomotor mechanics of their track makers. An isolated, large hadrosauriform print attributable to Caririchnium lotus from the 'mid'-Cretaceous Lotus track site (Jiaguan Formation) in China permits reconstruction of the footfall, weight-bearing, and kick-off phases of the step cycle. Large-scale modifications of the pes during the step cycle indicate C. lotus trackmakers were capable of locomotory modifications in response to substrate consistency beyond the 'expected' shift between bipedal and quadrupedal postures. An unusual curvature to the trace of one of the outer digits indicates substantial transverse mobility. The remaining digits demonstrate lesser degrees of transverse movement accompanied by extension of the digits during footfall. The absence of overprinted scale-scratch marks and toe drags are consistent with a vertical kick-off of the pes and concomitant flexion of the digits. This track suggests that pedal mobility in C. lotus track makers was greater than previously suspected and has implications for reconstructions of hadrosauriform locomotion. | XING Lida Phil R.BELL JeraldD.HARRIS Philip J.CURRIE | 2012 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2012，86，2： | 6 |
| 3 | Early Jurassic basal sauropodomorpha dominated tracks from Guizhou, China: Morphology, ethology, and paleoenvironment显示文摘The newly discovered large(350 m^2) Yantan dinosaur tracksite, in the Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation of Guizhou Province, China, reveals at least 250 footprints of which ~97 can be resolved into trackways of sauropodomorphs. All the trackways are sub parallel likely indicating gregarious behavior. One theropod track(cf. Grallator) was recorded. The sauropodomorph tracks predominantly represent quadrupedal progression(Morphotype A), and footprint morphology is similar to the ichnospecies Liujianpusshunan, characterized by outward pes rotation. Three trackways indicate bipedal progression, and two of these(Morphotype B) indicate inward pes rotation, accompanied by elongate pes digit scratch marks. For the latter phenomenon three possible scenarios are discussed:(1) significant rotation changes accompanying changes in gait,(2) swimming behavior,(3) formation of undertracks.Sedimentological evidence indicates the tracks were made on a linguloid rippled, muddy, immature sandstone substrate characterized by significant differences in substrate consistency across the trackbearing surface. Microbially induced sedimentary structures(MISS) characterized by distinctive wrinkle marks indicate a stressed, probably semi-arid, paleoenvironment that was not conducive to habitation by invertebrate organisms. This is consistent with other evidence that Lower Jurassic sauropodomorph tracks are often associated with semi-arid paleoenvironments. | Lida Xing Martin G. Lockley Dongjie Tang Hendrik Klein Guangzhao Peng Yong Ye Baoqiao Hao | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，1： | 6 |
| 4 | Structure,Orientation and Finite Element Analysis of the Tail Club of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis显示文摘The structure and orientation of the posterior extremity (tail club) of the caudal vertebrae of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis Young and Chao, 1972 from the Upper Jurassic Shangshaximiao Formation has been analyzed to determine the tail club function using Finite Element Analysis. Of the four caudal vertebrae composing the tail club, the second largest (C'1') was probably the most proximal, and is fixed with the preceding sequence of the caudal vertebrae, whereas the smallest (C'4') is free and forms the termination of the tail club. Our analysis also suggests that the tail club is more efficient in lateral swinging rather than up-and-down motion, and that the best region for the tail club to impact is at the spine of the largest of the four caudals (C'2'), with a maximum load for impact at about 450 N. The tail club of Mamenchisaurus hochuanensis probably also had limitations as a defense weapon and was more possibly a sensory organ to improve nerve conduction velocity to enhance the capacity for sensory perception of its surroundings. | XING Lida YE Yong SHU Chunkang PENG Guangzhao YOU Hailu | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，6： | 5 |
| 5 | Early Cretaceous dinosaur and other tetrapod tracks of southwestern China显示文摘In recent years the Lower Cretaceous red beds of southwestern China have yielded more than 20 significant dinosaur-dominated tracksites. More than half occur in the Jiaguan Formation with the remainder in the Feitianshan and Xiaoba formations. Collectively these sites provide evidence of at least 13 distinct dinosaurian trackmaker morphotypes, in addition to two avian theropod(bird)morphotypes and pterosaur and turtle tracks. Together these total 17 morphotypes provide a data base of 479 potential trackmakers, probably representing the same number of individuals. Such an ichnological database provides a useful proxy paleoecological census of tetrapod communities in the area during the Early Cretaceous, and is especially significant given the complete absence or scarcity of skeletal remains reported from these formations.The composition of ichnofaunas in all three formations is heavily saurischian(theropod and sauropod) dominated with a high diversity of distinctive theropod morphotypes,mostly assignable to known ichnogenera. Moreover, ichnofaunal data from multiple sites are generally consistent between sites and an indication of the reliability and repeatability of track census data. Such regionally-widespread data are rapidly superseding the information available from the skeletal record in the corresponding area, and must therefore be considered of high paleontological value. | Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley | 2016 | Science Bulletin2016，61，13： | 4 |
| 6 | New Early Cretaceous Pterosaur-Bird Track Assemblage from Xinjiang, China:Palaeoethology and Palaeoenvironment显示文摘A pterosaur-bird track assemblage from a sandstone-siltstone-mudstone sequence of the Lower Cretaceous Tugulu Group of Xinjiang comprises the first pterosaur track record from this province and the largest specimen thus far known from China.The pterosaur tracks are assigned to the ichnogenus Pteraichnus based on the triangular overall-shape,the four elongate digit traces and the robust manual digit trace III.Supposed trackmakers were dsungaripterid pterodactyloids whose skeletal remains are well known from the Tugulu Group.The bird tracks that occur on the same surface,are those of typical shorebirds,known from different other localities in southeast Asia.The congruence with Koreanaornis dodsoni described from the same stratigraphic level justifies an assignment to this ichnospecies.This is a further evidence of the co-occurrence of pterosaurs and birds in a typical lakeshore environment with possible seasonal alteration of water supply and aerial exposure indicated by wave ripples,mudcracks and repeated cycles of coarse to fine sediment.Pterosaurs and birds frequented the shoreline and may have fed also on the numerous invertebrates such as the Scoyenia tracemaker that left abundant burrows. | HE Qing XING Lida ZHANG Jianping Martin G.LOCKLEY Hendrik KLEIN W.Scott PERSONS IV QI Liqi JIA Chengkai | 2013 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2013，87，6： | 4 |
| 7 | Theropod assemblages and a new ichnotaxon Gigandipus chiappei ichnosp.nov.from the Jiaguan Formation,Lower Cretaceous of Guizhou Province,China显示文摘A newly discovered Jiaguan Formation(Lower Cretaceous) tracksite from the Linjiang region of Guizhou Province, China, reveals the first example of a Cretaceous track morphotype attributable to the non-avian theropod ichnogenus Gigandipus, here named Gigandipus chiappei ichnosp nov. The theropod dominated locality also reveals the second report of the avian theropod ichnogenus Wupus, one of the largest avian traces currently known from the Lower Cretaceous. The Linjiang site provides evidence to support previous interpretations of a distinctive Lower Cretaceous theropod-dominated ichnofauna that was widespread in China and East Asia and highlights the similarity between Lower Cretaceous theropod ichnotaxa in East Asia and those found in the Lower Jurassic both in East Asia and elsewhere. These similarities in turn create various ichnotaxonomic challenges familiar to researchers working on theropod tracks, and we recommend caution in the naming of new theropod ichnotaxa at the ichnogenus level. | Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley Hendrik Klein Rong Zeng Sifu Cai Xiuchun Luo Chen Li | 2018 | Geoscience Frontiers2018，9，6： | 3 |
| 8 | A new Early Cretaceous dinosaur track assemblage and the first definite non-avian theropod swim trackway from China显示文摘The trackway of a swimming theropod (ichnogenus Characichnos) is reported from the Lower Cretaceous Feitianshan Formation of Sichuan, China. These swim tracks help confirm that non-avian theropods were capable of forging moderately deep bodies of water. The trackway occurs on the same surface as a typical walking trackway of a sauropod (ichnogenus Brontopodus). Both occurrences are the first reported from the Cretaceous of Sichuan, and the swim tracks are the first well-preserved example of a Characichnos trackway from China. Additionally, a theropod walking trackway and several ornithopod walking trackways (similar to the ichnogenus Caririchnium) occur in the same horizon. The ornithopod trackways show a parallel orientation, suggesting gregarious behavior of the trackmakers, which may have been iguanodontiforms and/or hadrosauriforms. The co-occurrence of theropod swim tracks and theropod walking tracks suggests a fluctuation of water depth within a distinct time span. | XING LiDa LOCKLEY Martin G ZHANG JianPing MILNER Andrew R C KLEIN Hendrik LI DaQing PERSONS IV W Scott EBI JieFang | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，19： | 3 |
| 9 | Unusual dinosaur trackway preservation as clues to paleo-landscape and behavior from the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation,Shaanxi Province,China显示文摘Poorly preserved tracks have limited ichnotaxonomic or biotaxon utility,but may reveal useful information about the paleoenvironment,behavior and track taphonomy.Eight mostly parallel to sub parallel trackway segments(T1–T8)were registered on a truncation surface in the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation of Shaanxi Province.These attest to the passage of several bipeds,probably all theropods,in a paleo-contour-parallel,south-north direction in an arid setting.Quality of preservation in these trackways is poor,but notably superior in two additional trackways(T9–T10)on a foreset surface.Trackway T9 indicates a didactyl trackmaker,probably a deinonychosaurian,heading north to south.This is the 13th report of deinonychosaurian tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of China.If any or all the eight south-north oriented trackway segments represent continuations of other segments in the same trackways,the total number of individual trackmakers heading in this direction may have been as lowas three.Although the trackway pattern and sedimentological evidence could indicate a physically controlled pathway influencing the direction taken by these trackmakers,the possibility that the trackways also represented small social or gregarious group cannot be ruled out. | Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley Yongzhong Tang Hendrik Klein W.Scott Persons IV Miaoyan Wang Xingwen Li Hao Wu | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，2： | 2 |
| 10 | Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Crest with Membrane Attachment on Cretaceous Pterodactyloid Nyctosaurus显示文摘Nyctosaurus 标本 KJ1 在有膜,纳入冠的假设下面被重建;所谓的头风帆冠。对头风帆冠起作用的空气动力学的力量和时刻被分析。 KJ1 可能作为产生戳的一个方法相对空气水流调整头风帆冠的角度,这被显示出(空气动力学的力量之一,过去常克服身体在前面的飞行拖)并且戳和时刻的大小能与在头风帆冠和身体的空气动力学的中心之间的手势角度和相对地点变化,这是重心。三种情形为比较被测试:有膜附件,没有膜附件的冠和头部的冠的缺席的冠。这被显示出空气动力学的特征(增加,维持并且减少戳和时刻) 将有没有膜附件,几乎为冠消失在飞行并且没有头部的冠,是不存在的。Nyctosaurus 标本 KJ1 把膜纳入了冠并且为辅助飞行控制使用了这种重建的形式,这独自从气体动力学证据被建议。 | XING Lida WU Jianghao LU Yi Lü Junchang JI Qiang | 2009 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2009，83，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Braincase Anatomy of the Basal Theropod Sinosaurus from the Early Jurassic of China显示文摘The neuroanatomy of the mid-sized theropod Sinosaurus triassicus from the Lower Jurassic Lufeng Formation, Lufeng Basin in Yunnan Province, China was studied using X-ray computed tomography. The braincase is characterized by a large supraoccipital knob that is capped by a posterior projection of the parietal and two external foramina for the caudal middle cerebral vein, which is completely enclosed by the supraoccipital. The basicranium has well defined, short basipterygoid processes that project ventral to the basal tubera. The basisphenoid is expanded, projects posteroventrally, and is pierced by four pneumatic recesses. The endocranial morphology resembles that observed in other basal theropods—in particular some allosauroids—and has a strongly marked pontine flexure and a large dorsal expansion. The inner ear morphology is also similar to that observed in other basal theropods, with slender semicircular canals. The anterior semicircular canal is 20% larger than the posterior semicircular canal, and the angle formed between them is less than 90° when seen in dorsal view. | XING Lida Ariana PAULINA-CARABAJAL Philip J.CURRIE XU Xing ZHANG Jianping WANG Tao Michael E.BURNS DONG Zhiming | 2014 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2014，88，6： | 2 |
| 12 | Tooth loss and alveolar remodeling in Sinosaurus triassicus (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Lower Jurassic strata of the Lufeng Basin, China显示文摘Pathological or traumatic loss of teeth often results in the resorption and remodeling of the affected alveoli in mammals. However, instances of alveolar remodeling in reptiles are rare. A remodeled alveolus in the maxilla of the Chinese theropod Sinosaurus (Lower Jurassic Lower Lufeng Formation) is the first confirmed example of such dental pathology in a dinosaur. Given the known relationship between feeding behavior and tooth damage in theropods (teeth with spalled enamel, tooth crowns embedded in bone) and the absence of dentary, maxillary, and premaxillary osteomyelitis, traumatic loss of a tooth is most likely the cause of alveolar remodeling. Based on the extent of remodeling, the injury and subsequent tooth loss were non-fatal in this individual. | XING LiDa BELL Phil R ROTHSCHILD Bruce M RAN Hao ZHANG JianPing DONG ZhiMing ZHANG Wei CURRIE Philip J | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，16： | 2 |
| 13 | Model-Based Identification of Mechanical Characteristics of Sinosaurus(Theropoda) Crests显示文摘The paired cranial crests of Sinosaurus(Theropoda) have been hypothesized as too weak to resist mechanical loads during combat. Finite element analysis(FEA) is used to test this hypothesis, first with geometry obtained through direct laser scanning of a well-preserved fossil of the crest, and then with two conceptual FE models of both crests analyzing the structure-deformation effects of fenestration. In the original fossil model, under direct loading on the dorsal faces of the crest, we found that the areas surrounding cavities on the crest experience shear stress that implies a high chance of material failure – the fracture of bone. In the conceptual model, a series of computational studies were conducted with varying loading directions. One simulation found that the shear stress and strain in the material around the cavity presented more deformation compared with the conceptual model without the cavities, and under this morphologically realistic scenario the loading conditions would result in local bone fractures. These model-based computational results indicate that the crest could not resist high loads, because it could not effectively decentralize the loading stress. Future investigations need to focus on more comprehensive computational experiments with more conditions, e.g. dynamical loading conditions, and direct palaeontological evidence. | XING Lida WANG Yikun Eric SNIVELY ZHANG Jianping DONG Zhiming Michael E.BURNS Philip J.CURRIE | 2015 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2015，89，1： | 1 |
| 14 | A New Species of Huaxiapterus (Pterosauria:Tapejaridae) from the Early Cretaceous of Western Liaoning,China显示文摘A new species of Huaxiapterus:H.benxiensis sp.nov.is erected based on the new specimen. The diagnostic characters of Huaxiapterus benxiensis are well-developed premaxillary crest and parietal spine,the crest and spine parallel and extending posterodorsally,and a shallow groove present on the dorsal surface of the anterior portion of the mandibular symphysis.The different skull morphologies of Chinese tapejarid pterosaurs indicate that they are much more diverse than the previous thought. | LU Junchang GAO Yubo XING Lida LI Zhixin JI Qiang | 2007 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2007，81，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Cretaceous Hitchhikers:a Possible Phoretic Association between a Pseudoscorpion and Bird in Burmese Amber显示文摘Objective Phoresy represents a non-parasitic association between animals of different taxa related to transportation.Members of several pseudoscorpion families are phoretic.In pseudoscorpions,phoresy may or may not be associated with their predatory behavior,enabling dispersal over larger distances than they could manage with their own short legs.This provides a wide distribution,and a potential food supply. | XING Lida Ryan C.MCKELLAR. GAO Zhizhong | 2018 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2018，92，6： | 1 |
| 16 | A probable tyrannosaurid track from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China显示文摘A large number of Upper Cretaceous(Maastrichtian)dinosaur skeletal fossils have been found in the Nanxiong Basin and adjacent Ganzhou area,including those of theropods,sauropods and hadrosaurids.However,known dinosaur ichnoassemblages from the Nanxiong Basin partly indicate a different fauna,with dominating large-and medium-sized ornithopods,theropods,and pterosaurs(1,2)This is one of many known examples where trace and body fossil assemblages from the same formation or geologically discrete region show a different composition.Palecological and paleobiogeographical analyses therefore should consider data from both,before any conclusions can be drawn.Formations can be classified according to the relative degree of similarity or congruity(or difference/incongruity)between trace and body fossils into the 5 categories proposed by Lockley[3]. | Lida Xing Kecheng Niu Martin G.Lockley Hendrik Klein Anthony Romilio W.Scott Persons IV Stephen L.Brusatte | 2019 | Science Bulletin2019，64，16： | 1 |
| 17 | Ornamental feathers in Cretaceous Burmese amber:resolving the enigma of rachis-dominated feather structure显示文摘Over the last 20 years, compression fossils of feathers surrounding dinosaurs have greatly expanded our understanding of the origin and evolution of feathers. One of the most peculiar feather morphotypes discovered to date are rachis dominated feathers(RDFs), which have also been referred to as proximally ribbon-like pennaceous feathers(PRPFs). These elongate feathers are only found in the tail plumage, typically occurring in pairs with both streamer(not proximally ribbon-like) and racket-plume morphologies recognized. Here we describe a large sample set of isolated and paired RDFs from Upper Cretaceous Burmese amber(~ 99 Ma). Amber preserves the finest details of these fragile structures in three dimensions, demonstrating that RDFs form a distinct feather morphotype with a ventrally open rachis, and with significant variability in pigmentation, microstructure, and symmetry. | Lida Xing Pierre Cockx Ryan C.McKellar Jingmai O’Connor | 2019 | Journal of Palaeogeography2019，8，1： | 0 |
| 18 | A New Oogenus of Dendroolithidae from the Late Cretaceous in the Quyuangang Area,Henan Province,China显示文摘Objective The oofamily Dendroolithidae is elliptical or oblate eggs with loosely arranged dendritic eggshell units and large cavities between eggshell units (Zhang et al., 2018).Dendroolithidae is represented by two oogenera,Dendroolithus (Zhao Zikui and Li Zuocong, 1988), and Placoolithus (Zhao Hong and Zhao Zikui, 1998)according to the latest classification (Zhang et al., 2018). | HE Qing ZHANG Shukang XING Lida JIANG Qin AN Yanfei YANG Sen | 2019 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2019，93，2： | 0 |
| 19 | A flattened enantiornithine in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber:morphology and preservation显示文摘Cretaceous amber from Myanmar(~99 Ma Burmese amber) has become a valuable supplement to the traditional skeletal record of small theropod dinosaurs preserved in sedimentary rocks, particularly for coelurosaurs and enantiornithines. The specimens recovered from this deposit preserve skeletal material and soft tissues in unmatched detail. This provides opportunities to study three-dimensional preservation of soft tissues, microstructure, and pigmentation patterns that are seldom available elsewhere in the fossil record. Ultimately, this line of research provides insights into life stages that are difficult to preserve, the ecology and appearance of the groups involved, and the evolutionarydevelopment of structures such as feathers. Here we describe the most recent discovery from Burmese amber, an articulated skeleton of an enantiornithine bird. This individual has been sectioned along the coronal plane, providing a unique view inside multiple body regions. Osteological observations and plumage patterns support placement within the Enantiornithes, and suggest that the animal may have been a juvenile at the time of death. The specimen has a complex taphonomic history that includes exposure at the surface of a resin flow prior to encapsulation, and may include scavenging by some of the insects trapped within the same amber piece. The chemical composition observed along surface exposures and shallowly buried regions of the body indicate that the specimen has not undergone significant exchange with its surroundings. High iron concentrations are present in regions that preserve soft tissues as carbon films, and calcium distribution corresponds to regions where bones breach the surface of the amber. | Lida Xing Jingmai K.O'Connor Ryan C.McKellar Luis M.Chiappe Ming Bai Kuowei Tseng Jie Zhang Haidong Yang Jun Fang Gang Li | 2018 | Science Bulletin2018，63，4： | 0 |
| 20 | First Report of Avian Tracks from the Cretaceous of Tibet, China显示文摘Objective Despite a large number of bird fossils in the Jehol Biota,Mesozoic bird records from other parts of China are dominated by tracks.Late Cretaceous bird tracks are rarely found in China.Reliable reports so far include a Dongyangornipes and Koreanaornis assemblage of early Late Cretaceous age from Dongyang City,Zhejiang Province,China(Azuma et al.,2013).Buckley et al. | XING Lida CHOU Chunyong Martin G.LOCKLEY YANGCHEN Dolkar CHEN Xingru MA Xinghong ZHOU Wenjun XU Hantian | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，6： | 0 |
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