| 1 | Agronomic assessment of two populations of intermediate wheatgrass—Kernza^(®)(Thinopyrum intermedium)in temperate South America显示文摘Background Kernza®intermediate wheatgrass is a perennial grain and forage crop that can provide several ecosystem services.Major research efforts focused on Kernza have taken place in high latitudes.The goal of this study was to evaluate,for the first time,the agronomic performance of Kernza in a low-latitude region with mild winters.Methods A KS-cycle 4 Kernza population(A)was planted in spring in Wisconsin,USA,and selected in one cycle for lower vernalization requirements,obtaining a new population(B).These two populations,at three nitrogen(N)fertilization rates,were evaluated in a full factorial,completely randomized field experiment in Uruguay over 2 years.Results The populations were similar in grain yields and flowering time in the 1st year,but population B had 63%lower grain yield in the 2nd year and 20%lower forage yield throughout the experiment.Increasing the N rate to 160 kg ha−1 led to a 63%increase in grain yield and 28%increase in forage yield across populations.Forage yields and nutritive values were similar to those reported in the northern hemisphere.However,grain yields for both the 1st(316 kg ha−1)and 2nd year(41 kg ha−1)were lower due to reduced flowering and weed competition.Conclusions Expansion of Kernza to lower-latitude regions will require further breeding to improve reproductive performance. | Andres Locatelli Lucia Gutierrez Olivier Duchene Pablo R.Speranza Valentin D.Picasso Risso | 2022 | Grassland Research2022，1，4： | 0 |
| 2 | Diverse perennial circular forage systems are needed to foster resilience, ecosystem services, and socioeconomic benefits in agricultural landscapes显示文摘Prevailing agricultural systems dominated by annual crop monocultures,and the landscapes that contain them,lack resilience and multifunctionality.They are vulnerable to extreme weather events,contribute to degradation of soil,water,and air quality,reduce biodiversity,and negatively impact human health,social engagement,and equity.To achieve greater resilience,stability,and multiple ecosystem services therein,and to improve socioeconomic outcomes,we propose a practical framework to gain multifunctionality at multiple scales.This framework includes forages within agroecosystems that have the essential structural features of diversity,perenniality,and circularity.These three structural features are associated with increased resilience,stability,and provision of several ecosystem services,which in turn improve human health and socioeconomic outcomes.This framework improves understanding of,and access to,tools and materials for promoting the adoption of diverse circular agroecosystems with perennial forages.Application of this framework can result in land transformations that solve sustainability challenges in agriculture if policy,economic,and social barriers can be overcome by a transdisciplinary process of equitable knowledge production. | Valentin D.Picasso Marisol Berti Kim Cassida Sarah Collier Di Fang Ann Finan Margaret Krome David Hannaway William Lamp Andrew W.Stevens Carol Williams | 2022 | Grassland Research2022，1，2： | 0 |
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