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| 1 | Chronic hepatitis E: A brief review显示文摘Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. In addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. Chronic hepatitis E occurs mainly in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus patients with low CD4 counts and in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Diagnosis is established by persistent elevation of hepatitis E virus RNA in the stool or serum. This population often requires treatment with antiviral agents, particularly ribavirin, as spontaneous clearance with reduction in immunosuppression occurs only in about a third of the patients. The purpose of this review, is to further discuss the clinical presentation, and recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic hepatitis E. | Arvind R Murali Vikram Kotwal Saurabh Chawla | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，19： | 9 |
| 2 | Alcohol dehydrogenase: A potential new marker for diagnosis of intestinal ischemia using rat as a model显示文摘AIM: Intestinal ischemia (Ii) is an abdominal emergency due to blockade of the superior mesenteric artery resulting in 60-100% mortality if diagnosed late. Changes in several biochemical parameters such as D (-)-lactate, Creatinine kinase isoenzymes and lactate dehydrogenase suggested for early diagnosis, lack specificity and sensitivity. Therefore a biochemical parameter with greater sensitivity needs to be identified.METHODS: Wistar male rats were randomly assigned into two groups; control sham operated (n = 24) and ischemic test (n = 24) group. Superior mesenteric arterial occlusion was performed in the ischemic test group for 1 h. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) was estimated in blood from portal vein, right ventricle of heart, dorsal aorta (DA) and inferior vena cava (IVC). The Serum glutamic acid pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) was also estimated in blood from portal vein and right ventricle of heart.RESULTS: A significant increase (P<0.001) in the levels of ADH in both portal blood as well as heart blood of the test group (232.72±99.45 EU and 250.85±95.14 EU, respectively)as compared to the control group (46.39±21.69 EU and 65.38±30.55 EU, respectively) were observed. Similarly,increased levels of ADH were observed in blood samples withdrawn from DA and IVC in test animals (319.52±80.14EU and 363.90±120.68 EU, respectively) as compared to the control group (67.68±63.22 EU and 72.50±58.45 EU,respectively). However, in test animals there was significant increase in SGPT in portal blood (P = 0.054) without much increase in heart blood.CONCLUSION: Significant increase in the levels of ADH in portal and heart blood within 1 h of SMA occlusion without increase in SGPT in heart blood, suggests that the origin of ADH is from ischemic intestine and not from liver. Similarly, raised ADH levels were found in DA and IVC as well. IVC blood does represent peripheral blood sample. A raised level of ADH in test animals confirms it to be a potential marker in the early diagnosis of Ii. | Upendra R Gumaste Mukund M Joshi Devendra T Mourya Pradip V Barde Ghanshyam K Shrivastav Vikram S Ghole | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，6： | 9 |
| 3 | Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas: Underrecognized benign cystic lesions of the pancreas显示文摘AIM: To identify their diagnostic and prognostic clinical characteristics in a large series.METHODS: Retrospective review of clinicopathologic and imaging characteristics of patients diagnosed with lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas at Massachusetts General Hospital.RESULTS: Twelve patients were identified between 1/1/1997 and 8/1/2007. Their median age was 55.5 years(range 19-78 years), and 6 were females. The le-sion was incidentally discovered in half of the patients.Contrast enhanced computed tomography demonstrat-ed that the cysts had thin walls, without calcifications, pancreatic duct dilation or pancreatic parenchyma inva-sion. Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration(EUS/FNA) confirmed the diagnosis of a lymphoepithe-lial cyst in 3 patients, one of whom was spared an op-eration and continues to do well after 6 years. Eleven patients had a resection: 3 pancreaticoduodenecto-mies, 7 distal pancreatectomies, and 1 enucleation. The median size of the cysts was 3 cm(range 2-20 cm). At a median follow-up of 57 mo no recurrences or other pancreas-related conditions occurred.CONCLUSION: Lymphoepithelial cysts and cystic lymphangiomas of the pancreas can be diagnosed with a combination of contrast-enhanced computed tomog-raphy scans and EUS/FNA. If the lesion is asymptom-atic, an operation might be avoided. | Ioannis T Konstantinidis Avinash Kambadakone Onofrio A Catalano Dushyant V Sahani Vikram Deshpe David G Forcione Jennifer A Wargo Carlos Fernandez-del Castillo Keith D Lillemoe Andrew L Warshaw Cristina R Ferrone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2014，6，7： | 2 |
| 4 | Imaging and staging of transitional cell carcinoma:part 2,upper urinary tract显示文摘 | Vikram R Sandier CM Ng CS | 2009 | AJR2009，192，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Imaging and staging of transitional cell carcinoma: part 2, upper urinary tract显示文摘 | Vikram R Sandier CM Ng CS | 2009 | American Joumal of Roentgenology2009，192，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Bioethanol production from rice straw: An overview显示文摘 | Binod P Sindhu R Singhania RR Vikram S Devi L Nagalakshmi S Kurien N Sukumaran RK Pandey A | 2010 | Bioresource Technology2010，101，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Clinical progression of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus vertebral osteomyelitis associated with reduced susceptibility to daptomycin显示文摘 | Holenarasipur R Vikram N L Havill L K | | 0，，10： | 1 |
| 8 | CmTent Update on Borderline Ovarian Neoplasms显示文摘 | LALWANI N SHANBHOGUE AK VIKRAM R | 2010 | A JR2010，194，： | 1 |
| 9 | Papillary renal cell carcino- ma:radiologic pathologic correlation and spectrum of disease显示文摘 | Vikram R Ng CS Tamboli P | 2009 | Radiographics2009，29，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Clinical experience with routine diode dosimetry for electron beam radiotherapy显示文摘 | Yaparpalvi R Fontenla DP Vikram B | 2000 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2000，48，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Extrapulmonary tuberculosis : an overview 显示文摘 | Giden M P Vikram H R | 2005 | Am Fam Physician2005，72，： | 1 |
| 12 | Impact of valve sur- gery on 6-month mortality in adults with complicated, left-sided n- ative valve endocarditis: a propensity analysis显示文摘 | Vikram HR Buenconsejo J Hasbun R | 2003 | JAMA2003，290，24： | 1 |
| 13 | Complicated left-sided native valve endocarditis in adults: risk classification for mortality 显示文摘 | Hasbun R Vikram HR Barakat LA | 2003 | JAMA2003，289，15： | 1 |
| 14 | Current update on bor- derline ovarian neoplasms 显示文摘 | Lalwani N Anampady KPS Vikram R | 2010 | A JR2010，194，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Extrapulmonary tuberculosis: an overview显示文摘 | GOLDEN M P VIKRAM H R | 2005 | Am Fam Physician2005，72，9： | 1 |
| 16 | Radiofrequency abla- tion of renal tumours with clinical, radiographical and patho- logical results 显示文摘 | Karam JA Ahrar K Vikram R | 2013 | BJU Int2013，111，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Papillary renal cell carcinoma:radiologic-pathologic correlation and spec- trum of disease显示文摘 | Vikram R Ng CS Tamboli P | 2009 | Radiographics2009，29，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Current Update on Bor-derline Ovarian NeopIasms显示文摘 | Lalwani N Shanbhogue AK Vikram R | 2010 | AJR2010，194，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Papillary renal cell cardnoma:mdiologic- pathologic correlation and spectrum of disease显示文摘 | Vikram R Ng C S Tamboli P | 2009 | Radiographics2009，29，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Current updateon borderline ovarian neoplasms显示文摘 | Lalwani N Anampady KPS Vikram R | 2010 | AJR2010，194，2： | 1 |
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