|
|
|
题名
|
作者
|
年代
|
出处
|
被引量
|
| 1 | 氮和食物生产:人类饮食中的蛋白质显示文摘在工业化前的各类农业中,氮是最普通的作物产量限制性营养元素,但氨的Haber-Bosch合成法最终突破了这种限制。人类对氮肥不断增强的依赖性是对生物圈氮循环最大程度的干扰,其作用表现在两个方面:在富裕的国家,通常它有助于生产出过剩的食物,特别是动物性食物,并且增加农产品出口量;但是,在人口最稠密的国家,氮肥的使用使至少1/3的人的饮食介于营养失调和营养丰富之间。我们对人类氮(蛋白质)需求的理解经历了许多次修正,尽管仍有一些不确定之处,但是有一点是清楚的,在富有的国家,蛋白质的平均摄入量过多,而对于数亿的亚洲、非洲和拉丁美洲人来说,摄入量又不足。将需要更多的饮食蛋白质以消除这些差别。通过合理的耕作方式,以及通过更高效率的饲料转化和主要饮食结构的逐渐改变,未来全球性氮肥使用量可以减少。最终,在不输入大量氮的情况下,使日益增长的世界人口获得丰富的营养物质将成为可能。 | Vaclav Smil 尹华宝 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，2： | 17 |
| 2 | Supersonic Flow Structure in the Entrance Part of a Mixing Chamber of 2D Model Ejector显示文摘The paper deals with experimental and numerical results of investigation into supersonic and transonic flow past a two-dimensional model ejector. Results of optical measurements show a flow structure and flow parameter development in the entrance part of the mixing chamber of the ejector. Numerical results are obtained by means of both the straight solution of shock waves in supersonic flow field using classical relations of parameters of shock waves and the Fluent 6 program. Results of numerical solutions are compared with experimental pictures of flow fields. Flow structure development in the mixing chamber is analysed in detail. | Vaclav Dvorak Pavel Safarik | 2003 | Journal of Thermal Science2003，12，4： | 8 |
| 3 | Glucan-immunostimulant,adjuvant,potential drug显示文摘β-glucans belong to a group of biologically active natural compounds called biological response modifiers.These substances represent highly conserved structural components of cell walls in fungi,yeast,grain and seaweed.Despite almost 160 years of intensive research,the exact mechanisms of their action remain unsolved.The significant role of glucans in cancer treatment,infection immunity,stress reduction and restoration of damaged bone marrow has already been established.The present review focuses on the various less known but potentially significant roles glucans might play in medicine.In summary,glucan might represent the most important natural immunomodulator. | Vaclav Vetvicka | 2011 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2011，2，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Transonic Instability in Entrance Part of Mixing Chamber of High-Speed Ejector显示文摘The paper deals with experimental and numerical study of flow structure in two-dimensional model of supersonic ejector. Schlieren pictures of flow structure were taken, static pressure distributions on side wall were measured and Fluent software to calculate the flow structure in supersonic ejector was used. For certain region of back pressure ratio pb/p02 and stagnation pressure ratio of both streams p01/p02 the terminal shock wave is close to the trailing edge of the primary flow nozzle and a transonic instability occurs. The instability causes the movement of position of boundary layer separation, the structure of shock waves changes and all flow structure oscillates. The movie of these regimes during schlieren experiments was taken and relevant numerical modelling was performed. | Vaclav Dvorak Pavel Safarik | 2005 | Journal of Thermal Science2005，14，3： | 5 |
| 5 | Cerium dioxide as a new reactive sorbent for fast degradation of parathion methyl and some other organophosphates显示文摘Cerium dioxide was used for the first time as reactive sorbent for the degradation of the organophosphate pesticides parathion methyl,chlorpyrifos,dichlofenthion,fenchlorphos,and prothiofos,as well as of some chemical warfare agents—nerve gases soman and O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino) ethyl] methylphosphonothioate(VX).CeO2 specimens were prepared by calcination of basic cerous carbonate obtained by precipitation from an aqueous solution.The CeO2 samples containing certain amounts(1 wt.%–5 wt.%) of the neighboring lanthanides(La,Pr,Nd) were prepared in a similar way from pure lanthanide salts.It was shown that ceria accelerated markedly the decomposition of parathion methyl causing the cleavage of the P-O-aryl bond in the pesticide molecule.A similar reaction mechanism was proposed for the degradation of other organophosphate pesticides and nerve agents.The degradation times(reaction half-times) were in an order of minutes in the presence of CeO2,compared to hours or days under common environmental conditions.The reaction in suitable organic solvents allowed conversions of about 90% for parathion methyl loading of 20 mg pesticide/g CeO2 within 2 h with a reactant half-life in the order of 0.1 min.The key parameter governing the degradation efficiency of CeO2 was the temperature during calcination.At optimum calcination temperature(about 773.15 K),the produced ceria retained a sufficiently high surface area,and attained an optimum degree of crystallinity(related to a number of crystal defects,and thus potential reactive sites).The presence of other lanthanides somewhat decreased the reaction rate,but this effect was not detrimental and permitted the possible use of chemically impure ceria as a reactive sorbent.A fast organophosphate degradation was demonstrated not only in non-polar solvents(such as heptane),but also in polar aprotic solvents(acetonitrile,acetone) that are miscible with water.This opens new possibilities for designing more versatile decontamination strategies.The cleavage of phosphate ester bonds is of a great importance not only for the degradation of dangerous chemicals(chemical weapons,pesticides),but also for interactions of ceria(especially the nano-sized one) in biologically relevant systems. | Pavel Janos Pavel Kuran Martin Kormunda Vaclav Stengl Tomas Matys Grygar Marek Dosek Martin Stastny Jakub Ederer Vera Pilarova Lubos Vrtoch | 2014 | Journal of Rare Earths2014，32，4： | 4 |
| 6 | Techno-economic comparison of three technologies for precombustion CO2 capture from a lignite-fired IGCC显示文摘This paper compares the techno-economic performances of three technologies for CO2 capture from a lignite-based IGCC power plant located in the Czech Republic:(1)Physical absorption with a Rectisol-based process;(2)Polymeric CO2-selective membrane-based capture;(3)Low-temperature capture.The evaluations show that the IGCC plant with CO2 capture leads to costs of electricity between 91 and 120€·MWh−1,depending on the capture technology employed,compared to 65€·MWh−1 for the power plant without capture.This results in CO2 avoidance costs ranging from 42 to 84€·tCO2,avoided−1,mainly linked to the losses in net power output.From both energy and cost points of view,the low-temperature and Rectisol based CO2 capture processes are the most efficient capture technologies.Furthermore,partial CO2 capture appears as a good mean to ensure early implementation due to the limited increase in CO2 avoidance cost when considering partial capture.To go beyond the two specific CO2-selective membranes considered,a cost/membrane property map for CO2-selective membranes was developed.This map emphasise the need to develop high performance membrane to compete with solvent technology.Finally,the cost of the whole CCS chain was estimated at 54€·tCO2,avoided−1 once pipeline transport and storage are taken into consideration. | Simon Roussanaly Monika Vitvarova Rahul Anantharaman David Berstad Brede Hagen Jana Jakobsen Vaclav Novotny Geir Skaugen | 2020 | Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering2020，14，3： | 3 |
| 7 | 光热老化对常见彩绘文物蛋白胶料GC-MS鉴定分析影响的研究显示文摘光、热是地上文物的重要老化形式,蛋白胶料作为彩绘文物颜料的有机分散粘接剂,更易受到光热老化影响出现老化降解,导致氨基酸含量变化。这不仅影响气相色谱质谱联用法(GC-MS)对其种属的鉴定分析,更直接导致颜料粉化、脱落等病害。该文研究采集已光热老化十年的动物胶原(猪骨胶)、蛋类(全蛋、蛋清、蛋黄)和酪蛋白3类常见蛋白胶料进行GC-MS测试,结果表明,氨基酸含量、主成分聚类(PCA)位置虽出现改变,但3类胶依旧有极强的可辨识性。其中,猪骨胶具有高甘氨酸(Gly)、特征羟脯氨酸(Hyp)特点,蛋类丝氨酸(Ser)、天冬氨酸(Asp)含量高,酪蛋白谷氨酸(Glu)含量明显高于其余两种胶,后两者具有高含量亮氨酸(Leu)特点。最后,将它们的氨基酸、PCA位置光热变化规律应用于颐和园油饰彩画样品鉴定,发现传统材料猪血、动物胶原的混合物。该研究不仅提高了地上文物蛋白胶料GC-MS鉴定的准确性,所得结果更可为探讨文物劣化机理、选择合适修复材料奠定基础。 | 马珍珍 王丽琴 Vaclav Pitthard | 2020 | 西北大学学报(自然科学版)2020，50，4： | 3 |
| 8 | Relevance of low viral load in haemodialysed patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection显示文摘AIM: To identify predictors of sustained virological response in hemodialysed patients treated by PEGinterferon α for chronic hepatitis C, genotype 1.METHODS: The sustained virological response(SVR) rate, IL28 B genotype, IFNL4 genotype, initial viral load(IVL) and other pretreatment variables in 39 endstage renal disease patients(ESRD) on maintenance haemodialysis(HD) infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV), genotype 1b, were compared with a control group of 109 patients with normal kidney function treated within the same period. All the patients were treatment nave and had well compensated liver disease. The ESRD patients received 135 μg of PEGylated interferon α-2a(Peg IFN-α) weekly and a reduced dose of ribavirin(RBV) was administered to 23/39 patients with an initial haemoglobin level > 10 g/d L. Control group patients were given standard doses of Peg IFN-α and RBV. SVR was assessed as HCV RNA negativity 24 wk post-treatment. A t-test or ANOVA were used for comparisons of the means and a χ2 testcompared the frequencies.Logistic regression was used to determine significant predictors of SVR.Cutoff values for continuous variables were obtained from Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis.RESULTS:The distribution of IL28B rs12979860 CC,CT and TT genotypes in the ESRD group was 28.2%,64.1%and 7.7%,respectively,and 19.3%,62.4%and18.3%in the controls.The IFNL4 genotype was in almost absolute linkage disequlibrium with IL28B.The proportion of patients with a low IVL(<600000 IU/m L)was significantly higher in the ESRD group than in the controls(28/39,71.8%vs 51/109,46.8%,P=0.009),as was the proportion of patients with low IVL in IL28B CC carriers compared with non-CC carriers in the ESRD group(10/11,90.9%vs 18/28,64.3%,P=0.0035).This difference was not found in the controls(7/22,31.8%vs 44/87,50.6%,P=0.9).The overall SVR rate was 64.1%(25/39)in the ESRD group and 50.5%(55/109)in the control group(P=0.19).11/11(100%)and 19/22(86.4%)IL28B CC patients achieved SVR in the ESRD and control groups,respectively.A statistically significant association between SVR and IL28B and IFNL4 variants was found in both groups.The ESRD patients who achieved SVR showed the lowest IVL[median 21000,interquartile range(IQR):6000-23000IU/m L],compared with ESRD individuals without SVR(1680000,IQR:481000-6880000,P=0.001),controls with SVR(387000,IQR:111000-1253000)and controls without SVR(905000,IQR:451000-3020000).In ESRD,an IVL<600000 IU/m L was strongly associated with SVR:24/28(85.7%)patients who achieved SVR had viraemia below this threshold.CONCLUSION:Haemodialysis decreases the viral load,especially in IL28B CC genotype carriers.A low IVL was the strongest predictor of SVR in ESRD patients identified in multivariate analysis. | Jan Sperl Sona Frankova Renata Senkerikova Magdalena Neroldova Vaclav Hejda Miroslava Volfova Dusan Merta Ondrej Viklicky Julius Spicak Milan Jirsa | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，18： | 2 |
| 9 | Endometriosis and ovarian cancer显示文摘Endometriosis is the leading cause of morbidity among premenopausal women and the complex pathogenesis of this disease remains controversial despite extensive research. This disease represents one of the most common gynecological problems. It is generally believed that this disease is due primarily to retrograde menstruation or transplantation of shed endometrium. Based on overwhelming data, ovarian endometrioma is considered a neoplastic process, since most endometriosis-associated ovarian carcinoma occur in the presence of atypical ovarian endometriosis. A study comparing patients with typical epithelial ovarian cancer with endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer demonstrated that the patients with the latter disease strongly differ in both biological and histological characteristics. The prevelance of this disease is not completely established, but approximately 15 percent of women suffer from this disease. In addition, we know about the possible links between endometriosis and cancer for almost 100 years. Despite clear evidence revealing that endometriosis increases ovariancancer risks, it is possible that it may not affect disease progression after the appearance of ovarian cancer. However, despite clear evidence revealing that endometriosis increases ovarian cancer risk, our knowledge of the risk factors is far from established. In our review, we focused on the most recent approaches including possible biomarkers and genetic approaches. | Milena Králí?ková Vaclav Vetvicka | 2014 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2014，5，5： | 2 |
| 10 | Cathepsin D: Autoantibody profiling as a diagnostic marker for cancers显示文摘Current diagnostic assays for many cancers are antigen-based and rely on the detection of circulating proteins that are associated with a particular cancer.These assays depend on the expression,synthesis,and release of specific proteins by cells(e.g.,tumor cells)through either active secretion or shedding,or as a consequence of cell death(either necrosis or apoptosis).As such,these antigenic proteins must“escape”the primary site of disease,saturate the antigen-processing capacity of the individual’s immune components,gain access to the circulation,and reach a sufficient steady-state concentration to be detected by enzyme-or radiolabel-based immunoassays.These events usually occur after the initial establishment of disease.Thus,and despite the fact that certain specific antigenic epitopes exhibit common recognition among patients with the same tumor types,the use of these antigen-based cancer assays has not been widely accepted in clinical practice,and many individual countries differ in the use of these potential diagnostic factors.Lately,an increasing number of studies demonstrated that procathepsin D secreted from cancer cells,acts as a mitogen on cancer cells and stimulates their pro-invasive and pro-metastatic properties.In this report,we focused on the possibility to use antiprocathepsin D autoantibodies as a diagnostic and/or predictive marker for cancers. | Vaclav Vetvicka Martin Fusek | 2013 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2013，4，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Relevance of miR-21 and miR-143 expression in tissue samples of colorectal carcinoma and its liver metastases显示文摘 | Vlastimil Kulda Martin Pesta Ondrej Topolcan Vaclav Liska Vladislav Treska Alan Sutnar Karel Rupert Marie Ludvikova Vaclav Babuska Lubos Holubec Radim Cerny | 2010 | Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics2010，，： | 2 |
| 12 | Large-scale permafrost degradation as a primary factor in Larix sibirica forest dieback in the Khentii massif,northern Mongolia显示文摘The objective of this study is to investigate the potential causes of widespread Larix sibirica Ledeb.mortality observed in the Khentii massif of northern Mongolia.The ratio of deadwood to living trees in affected stands in the Goricho region,the southernmost study site situated close to the Gobi Desert,was as high as 3.6:1.Moisture fluctuations monitored over 2 years using electrical impedance spectrometry revealed that the Goricho study site had higher soil moisture levels than the two less affected sites Barun Bayan and Dzun Bayan.High soil moisture was recorded in an area characterized by highly skeletal soils,ones with more than 35%by volume of rock fragments,and comparatively shallow soil horizons,from valley to mountains.The layer of permafrost influencing hydrogeological processes is much deeper in the Goricho region compared to the undisturbed study sites.Redundancy analysis confirmed a significant number of dead L.sibirica on sites with developed soils.Live forest stands,however damaged,grow in this region on well-drained scree slopes or on rocky bastions.The mass mortality observed for L.sibirica may be directly linked to accelerated permafrost thaw in the area bordered by the Tuul and the Terelj Rivers.Our assumption is that L.sibirica root system necrosis occurred as a result of long-term waterlogging of developed soils with high spatial heterogeneity,normally able to absorb high quantities of groundwater.The areas unaffected were scree fields and rocky bastions characterized by adequate drainage.All of our findings support the primary stages of large-scale permafrost thaw,i.e.,correlating increases in soil moisture with increasing permafrost active layer thickness. | David Juricka Jitka Novotna Jakub Houska Jana Parilkova Jan Hladky Vaclav Pecina Hana Cihlarova Marcela Burnog Jakub Elbl Zdena Rosicka Martin Brtnicky Jindrich Kynicky | 2020 | Journal of Forestry Research2020，31，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Operative treatment of intra-articular calcaneal fractures with calcaneal plates and its complications 显示文摘 | Vaclav R Daniellra L | 2009 | Indian J Orthop2009，3，： | 1 |
| 14 | Lucifcnsin, the long - sought antimicrobial factor of medicinal, maggots of the blowfly Lucilia sericata 显示文摘 | VACLAV C JAN Z VLADIMLR F | 2010 | Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences2010，67，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Sorption of heavy metals in organic horizons of acid forest soils at low added concentrations 显示文摘 | Michaela V Vaclav T Lubos B | 2015 | Soil and Water Research2015，10，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Structure of TiN coatings显示文摘 | Vaclav V | | 0，，80： | 1 |
| 17 | 针刺治疗胃十二指肠溃疡病的效果显示文摘 | Vaclav Kajdos 杨纪曾 | 1979 | 成都中医学院学报1979，，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Calculation of element distributions between inorganic and organic parts of coal显示文摘 | Zdenek Weiss Vaclav Roubicek | 1997 | Fuel1997，76，1415： | 1 |
| 19 | Operative treatment of intra - articular calcaneal fractures with calcaneal plates and its complications 显示文摘 | Vaclav R Daniel I Michal M | 2009 | Indian J Orthop2009，43，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Ultraviolet radiation from the pulsed corona discharge in water显示文摘 | Petr Lukesl Martin Clupek Vaclav Babicky | 2008 | Plasma Sources Sci Technol2008，17，11： | 1 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员