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| 1 | 卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用显示文摘[背景]十余年的卫星观测提供了全球细颗粒物(PM2.5)人群暴露趋势和大小的信息。[目的]利用多个卫星的测量值推断的PM:5浓度,建立和改进大气PM2.5质量和趋势的全球暴露评估。[方法]结合3个卫星反演的PM25源数据,得出1998-2012年10km×10km尺度上全球PM2.5估计值。对每一个源数据,通过GEOS—Chem化学物运输模型把气溶胶光学厚度总柱反演与近地面PM2.5联系起来,以表示当地的气溶胶光学性能和垂直廓线。从文献中收集210个全球基于地面的PM2.5观测值,用北美和欧洲之外其他地区的测量值来评估基于卫星的估计值。[结果]1998--2012年,全球人口加权的大气PM25浓度每年增加0.55gg/m3(95%CI:0.43~0.67)(2.1%/年;95%CI:1.6%-2.6%)。尽管在一些发达地区PM2.5减少,但在一些发展中地区PM2.s的增加推动了这一全球性的变化。在东亚,PMzs水平高于世界卫生组织(WHO)第一个中期目标35μg/m3的人口比例从1998--2000年的51%上升到2010---2012年的70%。相比之下,北美高于WHO空气质量指南10μg/m3的人口比例,从1998--2000年的62%下降到2010---2012年的19%。北美及欧洲以外地区的卫星反演估计值和地面测量值之间存在关联(r=0.81;n=210;斜率=0.68)。卫星反演的估计值偏低,提示真实的全球浓度可能更高。[结论]卫星观测值提供了大气PM2.5浓度的全球性长期变化的新认识。从这项研究中获得的PM2.5的卫星反演估计值和地面观测值可供公众使用。 | Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2015 | 环境与职业医学2015,32,8: | 80 |
| 2 | 室外空气污染、早产和低出生体重:世界卫生组织孕产妇和围产期保健全球调查分析显示文摘[背景]吸入细颗粒物(颗粒物直径≤2.5μm,PM2.5)能诱发氧化应激和炎症反应,并有可能导致早产和其他不良的围产期结局。[目的]检测2004—2008年,世界卫生组织在全球22个国家中进行的孕产妇和围产期保健调查中,室外PM2.5是否与不良妊娠结局相关。[方法]以有新生儿出生的各医疗诊所周围50 km为半径的圆弧缓冲区计算室外PM2.5的长期均值(2001—2006年)。应用广义估计方程确定诊所的PM2.5水平与个体的早产和低出生体重之间的相关性,调整个人、诊所和国家水平的季节性因素及潜在的混杂因素。另外还对各国中的相关性进行了研究。[结果]在所有国家中,调整季节性因素后,PM2.5与早产无关联,但是与低出生体重相关[PM2.5的第四个四分位数段(〉20.2μg/m3)与第一个四分位数(〈6.3μg/m3)相比,比值比(OR)=1.22;95%CI:1.07-1.39]。中国是PM2.5测量值范围最大的国家,早产和低出生体重均仅与PM2.5的最高四分位数段相关,提示可能存在阈值效应(PM2.5≥36.5μg/m3与PM2.5〈12.5μg/m3相比,早产和低出生体重比值比分别为:OR=2.54;CI:1.42-4.55和OR=1.99;CI:1.06-3.72)。[结论]室外PM2.5浓度与低出生体重相关,但与早产不相关。在快速发展的国家中,例如中国,最高的空气污染水平可能与两个结局都相关。 | Nancy L.Fleischer Mario Merialdi Aaron van Donkelaar Felipe Vadillo-Ortega Randall V.Martin Ana Pilar Betran Jo?o Paulo Souza Marie S.O'Neill 王晓宇 汪源 金泰廙 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014,31,12: | 4 |
| 3 | 卫星观测在全球细颗粒物浓度长期暴露评估中的应用(续完)显示文摘测量仪器、测量方法以及测量位置的差异会制约我们从已公开发表的文献中推导PM2.5浓度的变化趋势,并会影响其与卫星反演值等需要计算地区权重的数据的可比较性。尽管如此,补充材料图S4~S6显示的北京、新德里和科威特三个城市从文献中获取的PM2.5浓度实测值与图5的卫星反演估计值的比较仍然具有重要意义。Hyvarinen等(2010)于2007—2010年对新德里进行研究,数据显示卫星反演的年均PM2.5浓度偏低,可能由冬季卫星观测增加所致。 | Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Michael Brauer Brian L.Boys 王晓宇 张伊人 金泰廙 | 2015 | 环境与职业医学2015,32,9: | 3 |
| 4 | Neuropsychopharmacological profile of Astragalus membranaceous var.mongholicus显示文摘Objective:To clarify the neuropharmacological profile of the Mongolian vetch,Astragalus mongholicus(Astragalus membranaceous var.mongholicus;synonym:A.mongholicus),extracts were evaluated for behavioral effects in rats and mice.Methods:An aqueous extract of A.mongholicus was made by boiling roots from freshlycollected plants in 2.5 volumes(w/v)of water for 60 minutes.An ethanol extract was made by incubating in 70%ethanol for 5 days at 25C.Effects of the aqueous extracts were evaluated in a forced swimming assessment of antidepressant effects,a hole-board test of exploratory behavior,an analysis of inhibition of aggression following electrical stimulation and influences on amnesia resulting from electroshock.Furthermore,effects of ethanol extracts of A.mongholicus were assessed on L-tryptophan induced twitches(indicating serotonin-mediated effects)and on hypothermia induced by apomorphine(indicating dopamine-mediated interactions)in mice.Results:Per os(PO)administration of the aqueous decoction of the vetch to rats increased the response in a forced swimming test as reflected in wheel rotations.However,the decoction had no significant effect on the exploratory behavior of rats in the hole-board test.Acute PO administration of the aqueous extract of A.mongholicus decreased the threshold for aggressive behavior and this effect persisted with subchronic administration.Chronic administration of the plant extract suppressed aggression of rats.An ethanol extract of A.mongholicus showed an antiserotoninergic action and had a significant influence on the hypothermia induced by apomorphine.Conclusion:A.mongholicus has a variety of potent psychotropic actions,suggesting influences on diverse neurotransmitter systems. | Aldarmaa Jalsrai Avijit Biswas Nikolai I.Suslov Joseph V.Martin | 2019 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences2019,6,3: | 1 |
| 5 | Global inventory of nitrogen oxide emissions constrained by space-based observations of NO2 columns显示文摘 | Randall V.Martin Daniel J.Jacob Kelly Chance | | 0,,: | 1 |
| 6 | 'Thai-American Relations in World War Two'显示文摘 | James V.Martin | | 0,,: | 1 |
| 7 | Long-term effects of PM_(2.5) components on incident dementia in the northeastern United States显示文摘Growing evidence has linked long-term fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5))exposure to neurological disorders.Less is known about the individual effects of PM_(2.5) components.A population-based cohort study investigated the association between long-term(1-year average)exposure to PM_(2.5) components and dementia incidence among the elderly population(age,R65 years)in the United States. | Jing Li Yifan Wang Kyle Steenland Pengfei Liu Aaron van Donkelaar Randall V.Martin Howard H.Chang W.Michael Caudle Joel Schwartz Petros Koutrakis Liuhua Shi | 2022 | The Innovation2022,3,2: | 1 |
| 8 | 查看详情显示文摘 | Cai Z.H Lei J.T Liang W.B Menon V.Martin C.R | | 0,,5: | 1 |