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| 1 | COVID-19 pandemic:Pathophysiology and manifestations from the gastrointestinal tract显示文摘The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),caused by a newly identifiedβ-coronavirus(SARS-CoV-2)has emerged as a dire health problem,causing a massive crisis for global health.Primary method of transmission was firstly thought to be animal to human transmission.However,it has been observed that the virus is transmitted from human to human via respiratory droplets.Interestingly,SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid(RNA)has been isolated from patient stools,suggesting a possible gastrointestinal(GI)involvement.Most commonly reported clinical manifestations are fever,fatigue and dry cough.Interestingly,a small percentage of patients experience GI symptoms with the most common being anorexia,diarrhea,nausea and vomiting.The presence of viral RNA in stools is also common and fecal tests can be positive even after negative respiratory samples.The exact incidence of digestive symptoms is a matter of debate.The distribution of Angiotensin converting enzyme type 2 receptors in multiple organs in the body provides a possible explanation for the digestive symptoms’mechanism.Cases with solely GI symptoms have been reported in both adults and children.Viral RNA has also been detected in stool and blood samples,indicating the possibility of liver damage,which has been reported in COVID-19 patients.The presence of chronic liver disease appears to be a risk factor for severe complications and a poorer prognosis,however data from these cases is lacking.The aim of this review is firstly,to briefly update what is known about the origin and the transmission of SARS-CoV-2,but mainly to focus on the manifestations of the GI tract and their pathophysiological background,so that physicians on the one hand,not to underestimate or disregard digestive symptoms due to the small number of patients exhibiting exclusively this symptomatology and on the other,to have SARS-CoV-2 on their mind when the“gastroenteritis”type symptoms predominate. | Michail Galanopoulos Filippos Gkeros Aris Doukatas Grigorios Karianakis Christos Pontas Nikolaos Tsoukalas Nikos Viazis Christos Liatsos Gerassimos J Mantzaris | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，31： | 7 |
| 2 | Rectal neuroendocrine tumor with uncommon metastatic spread:A case report and review of literature显示文摘Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastrointestinal tract are rare neoplasms. Rectal neuroendocrine tumors consist approximately the 5%-14% of all neuroendocrine neoplasms in Europe. These tumors are diagnosed in relatively young patients,with a mean age at diagnosis of 56 years. Distant metastases from rectal neuroendocrine tumors are not very common. Herein we describe a case of a rectal neuroendocrine tumor which metastasized to the lung,mediastinum and orbit. This case underscores the importance of early identification and optimal management to improve patient's prognosis. Therefore,the clinical significance of this case is the necessity of physicians' awareness and education regarding neuroendocrine tumors' diagnosis and management. | Nikolaos Tsoukalas Michail Galanopoulos Maria Tolia Maria Kiakou Georgios Nakos Aristoula Papakostidi Georgios Koumakis | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2016，8，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Abnormal DNA methylation as a cell-free circulating DNA biomarker for colorectal cancer detection:A review of literature显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies in the world. CRC-associated morbidity and mortality is continuously increasing, in part due to a lack of early detection. The existing screening tools such as colonoscopy, are invasive and yet high cost, affecting the willingness of patients to participate in screening programs. In recent years, evidence is accumulating that the interaction of aberrant genetic and epigenetic modifications is the cornerstone for the CRC development and progression by alternating the function of tumor suppressor genes, DNA repair genes and oncogenes of colonic cells. Apart from the understanding of the underlying mechanism(s) of carcinogenesis, the aforementioned interaction has also allowed identification of clinical biomarkers, especially epigenetic, for the early detection and prognosis of cancer patients. One of the ways to detect these epigenetic biomarkers is the cell-free circulating DNA(circ DNA), a blood-based cancer diagnostic test, mainly focusing in the molecular alterations found in tumor cells, such as DNA mutations and DNA methylation.In this brief review, we epitomize the current knowledge on the research in circ DNA biomarkers-mainly focusing on DNA methylation-as potential blood-based tests for early detection of colorectal cancer and the challenges for validation and globally implementation of this emergent technology. | Michail Galanopoulos Nikolaos Tsoukalas Ioannis S Papanikolaou Maria Tolia Maria Gazouli Gerassimos J Mantzaris | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，4： | 2 |
| 4 | An efficient synthesis of 3-fluoro-5-thio-xylo-furanosyl nucleosides of thymine, uracil, and 5-fluorouracil as potential antitumor or/and antiviral agents 显示文摘 | TSOUKALA E AGELIS G DOLINSEK J | 2007 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry2007，15，： | 1 |
| 5 | Global optimization of process conditions in batch thermal sterilization of food 显示文摘 | T Miri A Tsoukalas S Bakalis | 2008 | Journal of Food Engineering (S0260-8774)2008，87，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Haemostasis balance disorders in patients with essential hypertension显示文摘 | Thomas K Makris Tsoukala C Krespi P | 1997 | J Thromb Rese1997，88，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Neurofuzzy motion planners for intelligent robot显示文摘 | Tsoukalas L H Houstis E N Jones G V | 1997 | Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems1997，19，： | 1 |
| 8 | Dermatomyositis as an early manifestation and a significant clinical precursor of lung cancer:report of a rare case and review of the current literature显示文摘 | Tsoukalas N Tolla M Kostakls D | 2013 | Int J Clin Exp Med2013，6，2： | 1 |
| 9 | The implementation model of a digital city显示文摘 | Anthopoulos L Tsoukalas I A | | Journal of EGovernment0，2，2： | 1 |
| 10 | A Clinical Trial of Mediterranean Diet Enriched with Fatty Fish in Pediatric Asthma: Study Protocol显示文摘 | Maria Michelle Papamichael Chaffs Katsardis Dimitffs Tsoukalas Bircan Erbas Catherine Itsiopoulos | 2018 | Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology2018，6，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Speech enhancement based on audible noise suppression显示文摘 | TSOUKALAS D E KOKKINAKIS G KOKKINAKIS G | 1997 | IEEE Transactions on speech and audio processing1997，5，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Optical absorption spectrum of trivalent cerium in Y2O3,Ba2GdTaO6,ThO2 and related compounds显示文摘 | SLACK G A DOLE S L TSOUKALA V | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 13 | Oxotechnetium ^99m TcO complexes as potential 5- HT1A receptor imaging agents 显示文摘 | Papagiannopoulou D Pirmettis I Tsoukalas C | 2002 | Nucl Med Biol2002，29，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Modeling of charge-trapping non-vola- tile-memories based on HfO2 显示文摘 | Emanuele V Tsoukalas D | 2012 | Microelectronic Engineering2012，90，： | 1 |
| 15 | 显示文摘 | Slack G A Tsoukala V G | 1994 | J Appl Phys1994，76，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of freeze-dried leek powder (FDLP) and nitrite level on processing and quality characteristics of fermented sansages显示文摘 | TSOUKALAS D S KATSANIDIS E MARANTIDOU S | 2011 | Meat Science2011，87，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Charge storage and interface states effects in Si-nanocrystal memory obtained using low-energy Si+implantation and annealing显示文摘 | KAPETANAKIS E NORMAND P TSOUKALAS D | 2000 | Applied Physics Letters2000，77，21： | 1 |
| 18 | Ephrin(Eph)receptor A1,A4,A5 and A7 expression in human non-small cell lung carcinoma:associations with clinicopathological parameters,tumor proliferative capacity and patients'survival显示文摘 | Giaginis C Tsoukalas N Bournakis E | 2014 | BMC Clin Pathol2014，14，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Vertical two-phase flow recognition using advanced instrumentation and neural networks 显示文摘 | MI Y ISHII M TSOUKALAS L H | 1998 | Nuclear Engineering and Design1998，184，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Speech Enhancement Based on Audible Noise Suppression显示文摘 | Mourjopoulos N Kokkinakis | 1997 | IEEE Trans on Speech and Audio Processing1997，5，6： | 1 |
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