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| 1 | Two quantitative trait loci, Dw1 and Dw2, are primarily responsible for rootstock-induced dwarfing in apple显示文摘The apple dwarfing rootstock‘Malling9’(‘M9’)has been used worldwide both to reduce scion vigour and as a genetic source for breeding new rootstocks.Progeny of‘M9’segregate for rootstock-induced dwarfing of the scion,indicating that this trait is controlled by one or more genetic factors.A quantitative trait locus(QTL)analysis of a rootstock population derived from the cross between‘M9’בRobusta5’(non-dwarfing)and grafted with‘Braeburn’scions identified a major QTL(Dw1)on linkage group(LG)5,which exhibits a significant influence on dwarfing of the scion.A smaller-effect QTL affecting dwarfing(Dw2)was identified on LG11,and four minor-effect QTLs were found on LG6,LG9,LG10 and LG12.Phenotypic analysis indicates that the combination of Dw1 and Dw2 has the strongest influence on rootstock-induced dwarfing,and that Dw1 has a stronger effect than Dw2.Genetic markers linked to Dw1 and Dw2 were screened over 41 rootstock accessions that confer a range of effects on scion growth.The majority of the dwarfing and semi-dwarfing rootstock accessions screened carried marker alleles linked to Dw1 and Dw2.This suggests that most apple dwarfing rootstocks have been derived from the same genetic source. | Toshi M Foster Jean-Marc Celton David Chagné D Stuart Tustin Susan E Gardiner | 2015 | Horticulture Research2015，2，1： | 10 |
| 2 | Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism显示文摘Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot mass.To identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR.Differentially expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox homeostasis.Genes promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were upregulated.The only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing rootstocks.Non-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’trees.Together,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch reserves.Another significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdLAX2 in dwarfing rootstocks.We propose that both factors reduce polar auxin transport.The results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks. | Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite Helen L Boldingh Tony K McGhie | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Absolute stereostructure of potent α-glucosidase inhibitor salacinol,with unique thiosugar sulfonium sulfate inner salt structure from Salacia reticulata显示文摘 | Masayuki Y Toshi M Hisashi M | 2002 | Bioorg Med Chem2002，10，： | 1 |
| 4 | Struc- tures of new friedelane-type triterpenes and eudes- mane-type sesquiterpene and aldose reductase inhibi- tors from Salacia chinensis显示文摘 | TOSHI M AKINOBU K YUTANA P | 2003 | J Nat Prod2003，66，： | 1 |
| 5 | The Relation between Health Insurance Coverage and Clinical Outcomes among Women with Breast Cancer显示文摘 | Ayanian Z John Kohler A Betsy Toshi Abe Arnold M Epstein | 1993 | New England Journal of Medicine1993，329，01： | 1 |
| 6 | Poarographic determination of tinidazole and furazolidone显示文摘 | JOSHI D M TOSHI A P | 1996 | Indian Drugs1996，33，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Hemoglobin Biosynthesis in Vitreoscilla stercoraria DW:Cloning,Expression,and Characterization of a New Homolog of a Bacterial Globin Gene显示文摘 | MANDE S DIKSHIT K L | 1998 | Appl Environ Microbiol1998，64，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis of green tea catechins:comparative study between HPLC and HPCE显示文摘 | Bonoli M Pelillo M Toshi T G | 2003 | Food Chem2003，81，： | 1 |
| 9 | Lighe effects on cell development and secondary metabolism in Monascus 显示文摘 | TSUYOSHI M AKIRA M TOSHIE K | 2005 | J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol2005，32，： | 1 |
| 10 | Hemoglobin biosynthesis in Vitreoscillas terecoraria DW:cloning,expression,and characterization of a new homolog of a bacterial globin gene显示文摘 | Toshi M Mande S Dikshit K L | 1998 | Appl Environ Microbiol1998，64，6： | 1 |
| 11 | A time-dependent phase shift in the mammalian unfolded protein response显示文摘 | Hiderou Y Toshie M Nobuko H | 2003 | Dev Cell2003，4，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Relutionship between Catheter Care and Catheter-associattd urinary tract infection at Japanese general hospitals: a prospective obsenational study显示文摘 | TOSHIE T KIYOKO M SHINOBU O | 2008 | International Journal of Nursing Studies2008，45，： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of CTL epitopes in hepatitis C virus by a genome-wide computational scanning and a rational design of peptide vaccine 显示文摘 | Toshie M Keiko U Yasuko H | 2007 | Immunogenetics2007，59，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Relationship between catheter care and catheter-associated urinary tract infection at Japanese general hospitals:a prospective observational study显示文摘 | Toshie T Kiyoko M Shinobu O | 2008 | International Journal of Nursing Studies2008，45，： | 1 |
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