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| 1 | Edge Effect Correction in the S-A Method for Geochemical Anomaly Separation显示文摘Anomaly separation using geochemical data often involves operations in the frequency domain, such as filtering and reducing noise/signal ratios. Unfortunately, the abrupt edge truncation of an image along edges and holes (with missing data) often causes frequency distribution distortion in the frequency domain. For example, bright strips are commonly seen in frequency distribution when using a Fourier transform. Such edge effect distortion may affect information extraction results; sometimes severely, depending on the edge abruptness of the image. Traditionally, edge effects are reduced by smoothing the image boundary prior to applying a Fourier transform. Zero-padding is one of the most commonly used smoothing methods. This simple method can reduce the edge effect to some degree but still distorts the image in some cases. Moreover, due to the complexity of geoscience images, which can include irregular shapes and holes with missing data, zero-padding does not always give satisfactory results. This paper proposes the use of decay functions to handle edge effects when extracting information from geoscience images. As an application, this method has been used in a newly developed multifractal method (S-A) for separating geochemical anomalies from background patterns. A geochemical dataset chosen from a mineral district in Nova Scotia, Canada was used to validate the method. | Ge Yong Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System, Institute of Geographic Sciences & Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Cheng Qiuming Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada Earth Systems and Mineral Resource Engineering Lab, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China Zhang Shenyuan Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada Department of Resource and Earth Science, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China | 2004 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2004，15，4： | 28 |
| 2 | Structure and function of aggrecan显示文摘Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan. | CHRIS KIANI, LIWEN CHEN, YAO JIONG WU, ALBERT J YEE, BURTON B YANG, Sunnybrook and Women’s College Health Sciences Centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patobiology, 2 Department of Surgeny, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，1： | 27 |
| 3 | Fractal and Multifractal Modeling of Hydrothermal Mineral Deposit Spectrum: Application to Gold Deposits in Abitibi Area, Ontario, Canada显示文摘A number of fractal/multifractal methods are introduced for quantifying the mineral deposit spectrum which include a number-size model, grade-tonnage model, power spectrum model, multifractal model and an eigenvalue spectrum model. The first two models characterize mineral deposits spectra based on relationships among the measures of mineral deposits. These include the number of deposits, size of deposits, concentration and volume of mineral deposits. The last three methods that deal with the spatial-temporal spectra of mineral deposit studies are all expected to be popularized in near future. A case study of hydrothermal gold deposits from the Abitibi area, a world-class mineral district, is used to demonstrate the principle as well as the applications of methods proposed in this paper. It has been shown that fractal and multifractal models are generally applicable to modeling of mineral deposits and occurrences. Clusters of mineral deposits were identified by several methods including the power spectral analysis, singularity analysis and the eigenvalue analysis. These clusters contain most of the known mineral deposits in the Timmins and Kirkland Lake camps. | Cheng Qiuming Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Department of Geography, York University, Toronto, Canada M3J1P3 Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074 | 2003 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2003，14，3： | 13 |
| 4 | A new elliptic-parabolic yield surface model revised by an adaptive criterion for granular soils显示文摘An adaptive criterion for shear yielding as well as shear failure of soils is proposed in this paper to address the fact that most criteria,including the Mohr-Coulomb criterion,the Lade criterion and the Matsuoka-Nakai criterion,cannot agree well with the experimental results when the value of the intermediate principal stress parameter is too big.The new criterion can adjust an adaptive parameter based on the experimental results in order to make the theoretical calculations fit the test results more accurately.The original elliptic-parabolic yield surface model can capture both soil contraction and dilation behaviors.However,it normally over-predicts the soil strength due to its application of the Extended Mises criterion.A new elliptic-parabolic yield surface mode is presented in this paper,which introduces the adaptive criterion in three-dimensional principal stress space.The new model can well model the stress-strain behavior of soils under general stress conditions.Compared to the original model which can only simulate soil behavior under triaxial compression conditions,the new model can simulate soil behaviors under both triaxial compression conditions and general stress conditions. | LIU HanLong 1,2 ,XIAO Yang 1,2 ,LIU JinYuan 3 &LI GuoYing 4 1 Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Geomechanics and Embankment Engineering,Hohai University, Nanjing 210098,China 2 Geotechnical Research Institute,Hohai University,Nanjing 210098,China 3Department of Civil Engineering,Ryerson University,Toronto,Canada 4 Department of Geotechnical Engineering,Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute,Nanjing 210014,China | 2010 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2010，53，8： | 12 |
| 5 | Revisiting the origin of modern humans in China and its implications for global human evolution显示文摘The debates over the origin of modern humans have long been centered on two competing theories:the 'Out-of-Africa'(single-place origin) theory and the 'Multi-regional Evolution' theory.China is an extremely important region where many ancient human fossils were collected along with numerous associated faunal remains and artefacts.These cultural remains,unearthed from different areas in the country and covering a long time span,will help clarify the controversy.The study of cultural materials in China is expected to shed important light on biological evolutionary patterns and social and technical developments of those early humans as well as their environmental conditions.Based on the analysis of Chinese fossils and associated materials,in conjunction with some genetic studies,this paper aims at evaluating each of the two theories in order to stimulate more discussions.Our study suggests that the evolutionary model of 'Continuity with Hybridization' is most relevant in reflecting the current understanding of human evolutionary history in China.Furthermore,we propose that the concept of regional diversity of evolutionary models should be seriously considered to illustrate different evolutionary modes applied to different parts of the world. | GAO Xing1,2*,ZHANG XiaoLing1,2,3,YANG DongYa2,4,SHEN Chen2,5 & WU XinZhi1,2 1 Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 2 Laboratory of Human Evolution,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 3 Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China 4 Department of Archaeology,Simon Fraser University,Vancouver V5A 1S6,Canada 5 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto M5S 2C6,Canada | 2010 | Science China Earth Sciences2010，53，12： | 11 |
| 6 | Multifractal modelling and spectrum analysis: Methods and applications to gamma ray spectrometer data from southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada显示文摘Multifractal spectrum, autocorrelation/semivariogram and power spectrum are three dif- ferent functions characterizing a field or measure from different aspects. These functions are interre- lated in such that the autocorrelation/semivariogram and power spectrum are related to the low order statistical moments (0 to 2 nd) which may determine the local multifractality (τ ″(1)) of a multifractal measure. A better understanding of the interrelationships among these three functions is important because, on one hand, the multifractal modelling characterizes a multifractal measure in a more de- tailed manner since it involves moments of all orders. On the other hand, the commonly used semivariogram and power spectrum functions can be used as alternatives to study the dominant mul- tifractal properties around the mean measure. Moreover, semivariogram and power-spectrum func- tions provide spatial and spectral information, which is highly valued in geological applications. A new fractal relation found between area and power-spectrum will be useful for investigation of new meth- ods of spatial-spectral analysis for pattern recognition, anomaly separation, classification, etc. These results have been demonstrated with the case study of modelling gamma ray spectrometer data from the mineral district, southwestern Nova Scotia, Canada. The results have shown that the values of uranium (U), thorium (Th) and potassium (K) may possess monofractal properties whereas the ratios of these values show high multifractality. The values of the ratios U/K and U/Th show relatively large variances and may provide more information for distinguishing the distinct phases of the granites, country rocks as well as possible gold mineralization-associated regional hydrothermal alteration zones. In addition, the power spectra for U, Th, K, U/Th and U/K consistently show two distinct power-law relationships for two ranges of wave number 12≤ω ≤160 km and 0≤ω ≤12 km. These properties might provide useful thresholds for separating the power-spectrum values into two types of patterns to reflect different influences of possible geological processes such as hydrothermal altera- tion in the study area. | CHENG Qiuming1,2 1. State Key Lab of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2. Department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering, Department of Geography, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，3： | 8 |
| 7 | Selection of Multifractal Scaling Breaks andSeparation of Geochemical andGeophysical Anomaly显示文摘Spatially superimposed multiple processes such as multiplicative cascade processes often generate multifractal measures possessing so-called self-similarity or self-affinity that can be described by power- law type of functions within certain scale ranges The multifractalities can be estimated by applying multifractal modeling to the measures reflecting the characteristics of the physical processes such as the element concentration values analyzed in rock and soil samples and caused by the underlying mineralization processes and the other geological processes. The local and regional geological processes may result in geochemical patterns with distinct multifractalities as wall as variable scaling ranges. Separation of these multifractal measures on the basis of both the distinct multifractalities and the scaling ranges will be significant for both theoretical studies of multifractal modeling and its applications. Multifractal scaling breaks have been observed from various multifractal patterns. This paper introduces a technique for separating multifractal measures on the basis of scaling breaks. It has been demonstrated that the method is effective for decomposing geochemical and geophysical anomalies required for mineral exploration. A dataset containing the element concentration values of potassium and phosphorus in soil samples was employed for demonstrating the application of the method for studying the fertilizer and yield optimization in | Cheng Qiuming Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Department of Geography, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3 | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，1： | 7 |
| 8 | Simulating the exchanges of carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat over Changbai Mountains temperate broad- leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem显示文摘A process-based ecosystem productivity model BEPS (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator) was updated to simulate half-hourly exchanges of carbon, water and energy between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystem at a temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest in the Changbai Mountains, China. The BEPSh model is able to capture the diurnal and seasonal variability in carbon dioxide, water vapor and heat fluxes at this site in the growing season of 2003. The model validation showed that the simulated net ecosystem productivity (NEP), latent heat flux (LE), sensible heat flux (Hs) are in good agreement with eddy covariance measurements with an R2 value of 0.68, 0.86 and 0.72 for NEP, LE and Hs, respectively. The simulated annual NEP of this forest in 2003 was 300.5 gC/m2, and was very close to the observed value. Driving this model with different climate scenarios, we found that the NEP in the Changbai Mountains temperate broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest ecosystem was sensitive to climate variability, and the current carbon sink will be weakened under the condition of global warming. Furthermore, as a process-based model, BEPSh was also sensitive to physiological parameters of plant, such as maximum Rubisco activity (Vcmax) and the maximum stomatal conductance (gmax), and needs to be carefully calibrated for other applications. | WANG Qiufeng, NIU Dong, YU Guirui, REN Chuanyou, WEN Xuefa, CHEN Jingming & JU Weimin Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Bureau of Science and Technology for Resources and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China Department of Geography, University of Toronto, Toronto M5S 3G3, Canada Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 100161, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z1： | 6 |
| 9 | Fractal Correction of Well Logging Curves显示文摘It is always significant for assessing and evaluation of oil bearing layers, especially for well logging data processing and interpretation of non marine oil beds to get more accurate physical properties in thin and inter thin layers. This paper presents a definition of measures and the measure presents power law relation with the corresponded scale described by fractal theory. Thus, logging curves can be reconstructed according to this power law relation. This method uses the local structure nearby concurrent points to compensate the average effect of logging probes and measurement errors. As an example, deep and medium induced conductivity (IMPH and IDPH) curves in ODP Leg 127 Hole 797C are reconstructed or corrected. Corrected curves are with less adjacent effects through comparison of corrected curves with original one. And also, the power spectra of corrected well logging curve are abounding with more resolution components than the original one. Thus, fractal correction method makes the well logging more resoluble for thin beds. | Li Qingmou Cheng Qiuming Institute of Geology & Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101 Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M3J 1P3 | 2001 | Journal of China University of Geosciences2001，12，3： | 5 |
| 10 | Impaired auditory sensorimotor gating: An animal model of schizophrenia显示文摘Establishment of animal models of schizophrenia is critical for both understanding the mechanisms underlying this severe mental disease and developing new antipsychotics. This paper starts from the theoretical root of sensory gating, the 損rotection-of-processing?theory, then thoroughly describes the representative studies over the past decade on the mechanism underlying prepulse inhibition and on those underlying modulation of prepulse inhibition, which is the normal startle suppression caused by the weak stimulus preceding the intense startling stimulus. The main methods for inducing prepulse inhibition deficits in experimental animals include: ⅰ) modulations of neuro- transmission that are closely associated with schizophrenia; ⅱ) focal lesions or pharmacological manipulations of brain structures in the cortico-striato-pallido-pontine circuit; and ⅲ) maternal deprivation or social isolation. Six essential topics for studies in modeling schizophrenia are suggested at the last part of this review. | LI Liang & SHAO Feng 1. Department of Psychology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China 2. Centre for Research on Biological Communication Systems, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada | 2003 | Chinese Science Bulletin2003，48，19： | 5 |
| 11 | Use-wear analysis confirms the use of Palaeolithic bone tools by the Lingjing Xuchang early human显示文摘During 2007-2008 excavations at the Lingjing site near Xuchang,Henan Province,dated back to around 100-80 ka ago,a large quantity of mammalian fossil remains were recovered along with a remarkable cluster of Early Modern Human(EMH) skull fragments in situ.Observably some of those animal bones were probably modified into tools.A use-wear analysis was carried out to examine the functions of modified bone tools.The results suggest that Lingjing bone tools were used for drilling,penetrating,and scraping animal substances,and that some might have been hafted during the use.This study confirms that early existence ofintentionally-modified bone tools at human occupations of the early Late Pleistocene in northern China.This discovery suggests making and use of bone tools were inevitably a part of early human behaviors and cultural development,as such of stone tools. | LI ZhanYang 1,4 & SHEN Chen 2,3,4 1 Henan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology,Zhengzhou 450000,China 2 The Joint Laboratory of Human Evolution and Archaeometry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044,China 3 The Royal Ontario Museum,Toronto ON M5S2C6,Canada 4 Oriental Archaeology Research Center of Shandong University,Jinan 250100,China | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，21： | 4 |
| 12 | A Diagnostic Study of Moist Potential Vorticity Generation in an Extratropical Cyclone显示文摘ADiagnosticStudyofMoistPotentialVorticityGenerationinanExtratropicalCyclone①ZuohaoCaoandG.W.K.MoreDepartmentofPhysics,Univers... | Zuohao Cao and G.W.K. Moore Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 1A7 | 1998 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences1998，15，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind显示文摘Based on the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment, an analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind is suggested. Two methods are proposed -the time domain method and the frequency domain method of analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind. The curves of σ pw -v under various wind speeds are obtained through the computation. The original curve of σ p -v is expanded, which turns the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment into the all-weather theory. Train derailment condition has been established under wind action. The first and second criterions of train derailment have been proposed in light of wind action. The analysis of train derailment cases at home or abroad is made, in- cluding the first analysis of Xinjiang train derailment case encountered 13-level of gale, which explained the inevitability of train derailment. The analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind shows its validity and accuracy. The input energy σ pw of the transverse vibration of train-track(bridge)-wind system is linked to train speed. With the establishment of the analysis theory of random energy of train derailment in wind, It is likely to initiate an all-weather speed limit map for a train or any high-speed train. | CHEN RuiLin 1,2,3 , ZENG QingYuan 3 , HUANG YunQing 1 , XIANG Jun 3 , WEN Ying 3 , GUO XiaoGang 2 , YIN ChangJun 2 , DONG Hui 2 & ZHAO Gang 4 1 Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 2 School of Civil Engineering & Mechanics, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China 3 School of Civil Architecture, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China 4 AMEC, Toronto M5A5G7, Canada | 2010 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2010，53，4： | 2 |
| 14 | Study on History of Modern Urban Planning of Guangzhou | HUANG Li,Post-doctorate,Cities Centre University Of Toronto,Toronto,Canada Associate Director of Faculty,Lecturer,School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.LI Baihao,Dean,Professor,School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China.SUN Yingdan,Master,School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan,P.R.China. | 2010 | China City Planning Review2010，19，2： | 2 |
| 15 | Modified High-order Upwind Method for Convection Diffusion Equation显示文摘Abstract In this paper, we study the high-order upwind finite difference method for steady convection-diffusionproblems. Based on the conservative convection-diffusion equation, a high-order upwind finite difference schemeon nonuniform rectangular partition for convection-diffusion equation is proposed. The proposed scheme is inconversation form, satisfies maximum value principle and has second-order error estimates in discrete H^1 norm.To illustrate our conclusion, several numerical examples are given. | Wei-dong ZHAO, Dong LIANGSchool of Mathematics and System Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, ChinaDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada | 2002 | Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica2002，18，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | The Toronto Lung Transplant Group | 1986 | N Engl J Med1986，314，18： | 1 |
| 17 | Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis 显示文摘 | Toronto Lung Transplant Group | 1986 | N Engl Med1986，314，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Unilateral lung transplatation for pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | Toronto Lung Transplant Group | 1986 | N Engl Med1986，314，： | 1 |
| 19 | Unilateral lung transplantation for pulmonary fibrosis显示文摘 | Toronto Lung Transplant Group | 1986 | N Engl J Med1986，314，： | 1 |
| 20 | Benefits and best practices of rapid pre - publication data release 显示文摘 | Toronto 2009 Data Release Workshop Authors | 2009 | Nature2009，461，7261： | 1 |
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