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| 1 | Design of 16S rRNA gene primers for 454 pyrosequencing of the human foregut microbiome显示文摘AIM:To design and validate broad-range 16S rRNA primers for use in high throughput sequencing to classify bacteria isolated from the human foregut microbiome.METHODS:A foregut microbiome dataset was constructed using 16S rRNA gene sequences obtained from oral,esophageal,and gastric microbiomes produced by Sanger sequencing in previous studies represented by 219 bacterial species.Candidate primers evaluated were from the European rRNA database.To assess the effect of sequence length on accuracy of classification,16S rRNA genes of various lengths were created by trimming the full length sequences.Sequences spanning various hypervariable regions were selected to simulate the amplicons that would be obtained using possible primer pairs.The sequences were compared with full length 16S rRNA genes for accuracy in taxonomic classification using online software at the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP).The universality of the primer set was evaluated using the RDP 16S rRNA database which is comprised of 433 306 16S rRNA genes,represented by 36 phyla.RESULTS:Truncation to 100 nucleotides(nt)downstream from the position corresponding to base 28 in the Escherichia coli 16S rRNA gene caused misclassification of 87(39.7%)of the 219 sequences,compared with misclassification of only 29(13.2%)sequences with truncation to 350 nt.Among 350-nt sequence reads within various regions of the 16S rRNA gene,the reverse read of an amplicon generated using the 343F/798R primers had the least(8.2%)effect on classification.In comparison,truncation to 900 nt mimicking single pass Sanger reads misclassified 5.0%of the 219 sequences.The 343F/798R amplicon accurately assigned 91.8%of the 219 sequences at the species level.Weighted by abundance of the species in the esophageal dataset,the 343F/798R amplicon yielded similar classification accuracy without a significant loss in species coverage(92%).Modification of the 343F/798R primers to 347F/803R increased their universality among foregut species.Assuming that a typicalpolymerase chain reaction can tolerate 2 mismatches between a primer and a template,the modified 347F and 803R primers should be able to anneal 98%and 99.6%of all 16S rRNA genes in the RDP database.CONCLUSION:347F/803R is the most suitable pair of primers for classification of foregut 16S rRNA genes but also possess universality suitable for analyses of other complex microbiomes. | Carlos W Nossa William E Oberdorf Jφrn A Aas Bruce J Paster Todd Z DeSantis Eoin L Brodie Daniel Malamud Michael A Poles Zhiheng Pei | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，33： | 16 |
| 2 | 吐哈盆地煤成烃研究新进展显示文摘运用生物标记物及碳同位素等地化参数对吐鲁番 -哈密盆地的原油及其源岩进行了油源对比 ,结果将该区原油分为三类 :第一类原油 ,根据生标特征分析其具有显著的淡水环境、藻含量低、细菌影响大、C2 9甾烷含量高、C3 04α 甲基甾烷低、C2 4 四环烷和C19三环烷含量高和碳同位素偏重 (δ13 C为 - 2 5‰~ - 2 7‰ )的特点 ,初步对比结果 ,本区西山窑组的煤是该类原油的主要源岩 ;第二类原油 ,富含藻类物质 (C2 7甾烷与C3 0 4α 甲基甾烷含量较高 ) ,该类原油可能来自侏罗系的富藻湖相泥岩 ;第三类原油 ,全油碳同位素δ13 C为 - 30‰~ - 32‰ ,这类原油的生标反映出其源岩相的特征为缺氧、咸水、中等含藻的湖相沉积 (高含量的伽玛蜡烷和 β 胡萝卜烷 ,C3 5/C3 4藿烷比值大等 )。 | 程克明 熊英 J M Moldowan J Greene Todd | 2002 | 沉积学报2002，20，3： | 10 |
| 3 | 颈椎术后并发第5颈椎神经根麻痹研究进展显示文摘第5颈椎(C5)神经根麻痹是一种颈椎减压术后比较常见但认知不足的潜在并发症,可见于颈椎前路或后路减压术后。尽管不同颈神经根均可累及,但最常见于C5神经根,因此临床常将其称为“术后C5神经根麻痹”。尽管有研究对术后C5神经根麻痹的可能原因进行了分析,但目前关于这些理论尚缺乏足够的临床和影像学资料证明其合理性。本文结合近年来国内外文献对颈椎术后C5神经根麻痹的发生率、发病机制、预防措施以及预后做一综合性分析。 | 胡勇 Todd J Albert | 2013 | 中华外科杂志2013，51，9： | 6 |
| 4 | 动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者出血后脑血管痉挛的介入治疗显示文摘本临床实践标准述及动脉瘤性蛛网膜下腔出血患者出血后脑血管痉挛(post—hemorrhagiccerebralvasospasm,PHCV)的介入治疗。这些结论基于神经介入外科学学会的标准委员会的评估,包括使用由美国心脏协会卒中委员会和牛津大学循证医学中心提出的循证医学指南进行的文献回顾。特别关注现有介入治疗方法的安全性和有效性,包括腔内球囊血管成形术(transluminalballoonangioplasty,TBA)和动脉内血管扩张药物输注治疗(intra-arterialvasodilatorinfusiontherapy,IAVT)。评估结果显示,这些侵袭性介入治疗可能有益,并可考虑用于PHCV,如伴有脑缺血症状和最佳的药物治疗无效的患者的治疗。概括起来,IAVT对累及近端和(或)远端颅内脑循环的PHCV可能有益,而TBA则可能对累及近端颅内脑循环的PHCV有益。评估结果显示,对于上述适应证,根据美国心脏协会指南可将TBA和IAVT归为IIb级推荐和B级证据,根据牛津大学循证医学中心指南则可归为4级推荐和C级证据。 | Todd Abruzzo Christopher Moran Kristine A Blacldaam Clifford J Eskey Raisa Lev Philip Meyers Sandra Narayanan Charles Joseph Prestigjacol~ 黄凯滨(译) 吴永明(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，1： | 4 |
| 5 | Dysfunctional stem and progenitor cells impair fracture healing with age显示文摘Successful fracture healing requires the simultaneous regeneration of both the bone and vasculature;mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are directed to replace the bone tissue, while endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) form the new vasculature that supplies blood to the fracture site. In the elderly, the healing process is slowed, partly due to decreased regenerative function of these stem and progenitor cells. MSCs from older individuals are impaired with regard to cell number, proliferative capacity, ability to migrate, and osteochondrogenic differentiation potential. The proliferation, migration and function of EPCs are also compromised with advanced age. Although the reasons for cellular dysfunction with age are complex and multidimensional, reduced expression of growth factors, accumulation of oxidative damage from reactive oxygen species, and altered signaling of the Sirtuin-1 pathway are contributing factors to aging at the cellular level of both MSCs and EPCs. Because of these geriatric-specific issues, effective treatment for fracture repair may require new therapeutic techniques to restore cellular function. Some suggested directions for potential treatments include cellular therapies, pharmacological agents, treatments targeting age-related molecular mechanisms, and physical therapeutics. Advanced age is the primary risk factor for a fracture, due to the low bone mass and inferior bone quality associated with aging;a better understanding of the dysfunctional behavior of the aging cell will provide a foundation for new treatments to decrease healing time and reduce the development of complications during the extended recovery from fracture healing in the elderly. | Diane R Wagner Sonali Karnik Zachary J Gunderson Jeffery J Nielsen Alanna Fennimore Hunter J Promer Jonathan W Lowery M Terry Loghmani Philip S Low Todd O McKinley Melissa A Kacena Matthias Clauss Jiliang Li | 2019 | World Journal of Stem Cells2019，11，6： | 3 |
| 6 | Bone grafting, implants, and plating options for anterior cervical fusions显示文摘 | D Greg Anderson Todd J Albert | 2002 | Orthopedic Clinics of North America2002，，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 8 | Satellite identification of rain days over the upper Nile river basin using an optimum infrared rain/no-rain threshold temperature model显示文摘 | Todd M E C Barrett M J Beaumont | 1995 | J Appl Meteor1995，34，： | 2 |
| 9 | A randomized trial comparing uncovered and partially covered self-expandable metal stents in the palliation of distal malignant biliary obstruction显示文摘 | Jennifer J. Telford David L. Carr-Locke Todd H. Baron John M. Poneros Brenna C. Bounds Peter B. Kelsey Robert H. Schapiro Christopher S. Huang David R. Lichtenstein Brian C. Jacobson John R. Saltzman Christopher C. Thompson David G. Forcione Christopher J | 2010 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2010，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery显示文摘 | Mary C Corretti Todd J Anderson Emelia J Benjamin David Celermajer Francois Charbonneau Mark A Creager John Deanfield Helmut Drexler Marie Gerhard-Herman David Herrington Patrick Vallance Joseph Vita Robert Vogel | 2002 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2002，，： | 2 |
| 11 | Dust-storm source areas determined by the total ozone monitoring spectrometer and surface observations显示文摘 | Washington R Todd M Middleton N J | 2003 | Annals of the Association of American Geographers2003，93，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Microsatllites for linkage analysis of genetic traits显示文摘 | Hearne C M Ghosh S Todd J A | 1992 | Trends in Genetic1992，8，： | 1 |
| 13 | Single-dose azithromycin versus penicillin G benzathine for the treatment of early syphilis显示文摘 | Riedner G Rusizoka M Todd J | 2005 | N Engl J Med2005，353，12： | 1 |
| 14 | Complicatons of ERCP 显示文摘 | J Shawn Mallery Todd H Baron Jason A Kom initz | 2003 | American Society For Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2003，57，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Genome sequence determi- nations and analyses of novel circoviruses from goose and pigeon 显示文摘 | Todd D Weston J H Soike D | 2001 | Virology2001，286，： | 1 |
| 16 | Unrave- ling the Chronic Toxicity of Lead:an Essential Pri- ority for Environmental Health 显示文摘 | Todd A C Wetmur J G Moline J M | 1996 | Environ Health Perspect1996，104，4： | 1 |
| 17 | A mathematical model of human semicircular canal geometry:a new basis for interpreting vestibular physiology显示文摘 | BRADSHAW A P CURTHOYS I S TODD M J | 2010 | J Assoc Res Otolaryngol2010，11，： | 1 |
| 18 | Chemical Characterization of an Antimicrobial Substance Produced by Lactobacillus reuteri 显示文摘 | Todd L Talarico Waiter J Dobrogosz | 1989 | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy1989，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Relationship between wear rate,surface pullout and microstructure during abrasive wear of alumina and alumina/SiC nanocomposites显示文摘 | MERINO J O L TODD R I | 2005 | Acta Materialia2005，53，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Molecular basis for the herbicide resistance of roundup ready crops显示文摘 | Todd F Han H J Healy-Fried M L Fischer M Schnbrunn E | 2006 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2006，，13： | 1 |
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