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| 1 | Ampullary carcinoma:Effect of preoperative biliary drainage on surgical outcome显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the influence of preoperative biliary drainage on morbidity and mortality after surgical resection for ampullary carcinoma. METHODS: We analyzed retrospectively data for 82 patients who underwent potentially curative surgery for ampullary carcinoma between September 1993 and July 2007 at the Singapore General Hospital, a tertiary referral hospital. Diagnosis of ampullary carcinoma was confirmed histologically. Thirty-five patients underwent preoperative biliary drainage (PBD group), and 47 were not drained (non-PBD group). The mode of biliary drainage was endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (n = 33) or percutaneous biliary drainage (n = 2). The following parameters were analyzed: wound infection, intra-abdominal abscess, intra-abdominal or gastrointestinal bleeding, septicemia, biliary or pancreatic leakage, pancreatitis, gastroparesis, and re-operation rate. Mortality was assessed at 30 d (hospital mortality) and also longterm. The statistical endpoint of this study was patient survival after surgery. RESULTS: The groups were well matched for demographic criteria, clinical presentation and operative characteristics, except for lower hemoglobin in the non-PBD group (10.9 ± 1.6 vs 11.8 ± 1.6 in the PBD group).Of the parameters assessing postoperative morbidity, incidence of wound infection was signif icantly less in the PBD than the non-PBD group [1 (2.9%) vs 12 (25.5%)]. However, the rest of the parameters did not differ signif icantly between the groups, i.e. sepsis [10 (28.6%) vs 14 (29.8%)], intra-abdominal bleeding [1 (2.9%) vs 5 (10.6%)], intra-abdominal abscess [1 (2.9%) vs 8 (17%)], gastrointestinal bleeding [3 (8.6%) vs 5 (10.6%)], pancreatic leakage [2 (5.7%) vs 3 (6.4%)], biliary leakage [2 (5.7%) vs 3 (6.4%)], pancreatitis [2 (5.7%) vs 2 (4.3%)], gastroparesis [6 (17.1%) vs 10 (21.3%)], need for blood transfusion [10 (28.6%) vs 17 (36.2%)] and re-operation rate [1 (2.9%) vs 5 (10.6%)]. There was no early mortality in either group. Median survival was 44 mo (95% CI: 34.2-53.8) in the PBD group and 41 mo (95% CI: 27.7-54.3; P = 0.86) in the non-PBD group. CONCLUSION: Biliary drainage before surgery for ampullary cancer significantly reduced postoperative wound infection. Overall mortality was not influenced by preoperative drainage. | Sheikh Anwar Abdullah Tarun Gupta Khairul Azhar Jaafar Yaw Fui Alexander Chung London Lucien Peng Jin Ooi Steven Joseph Mesenas | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，23： | 16 |
| 2 | 新兴市场的企业集团:是典范还是寄生虫?(上)显示文摘由一系列跨行业的、具有独立法人资格的企业所组成的多元化企业集团在新兴市场中可谓比比皆是。全世界的企业集团都具有某些相似性,但又在结构、所有权及其它方面呈现出极大差异。本文提出了企业集团的分类学方法,通过提出假设和出示证据,去探测在不同环境下,企业集团形成、流行以及演化的原因。在解释证据过程中,作者特别还关注了以往多数文献忽略的两个方面:一是企业集团生成时所处的环境差异;二是新近研究所提某些问题的历史证据。作者的论述表明,企业集团是应对不同经济条件的产物,从社会福利的角度看,有时是'典范',有时是'寄生虫'。文末,作者提出了企业集团的未来研究方向。 | Tarun Khanna Yishay Yafeh 陈文婷 | 2010 | 管理世界2010，26，5： | 12 |
| 3 | 化妆品与皮肤健康——皮肤微生态显示文摘随着化妆品科学的飞速发展,化妆品在维持、改善和促进皮肤健康以及提高人们生活质量方面的作用越来越受到人们的重视。例如,保湿剂不仅能够通过增强皮肤屏障功能发挥其维持和增进皮肤健康的作用,还能有效改善和缓解由皮肤屏障受损所导致的皮肤问题[1]。目前,含有神经酰胺1、3、6(与人体角质层必需成分相似的保湿因子)的产品系列在修复受损的皮肤屏障方面的功效不仅被国内外皮肤科专家认同,也备受消费者喜爱[2]。同样,防晒剂不仅可以预防由日光中紫外线(UV)导致的皮肤光老化、皮肤色素沉着、光免疫抑制以及降低UV 导致的皮肤癌的风险,还可以预防某些皮肤病的发生,如多形性日光疹等[3]。另外,针对头皮屑的洗护发产品也为受头皮屑困扰的消费者提供了日常头皮护理的有效方法。 | 甄雅贤 张晨慧 Chopra Tarun Verschoore Michèle 刘玮 | 2019 | 临床皮肤科杂志2019，48，10： | 10 |
| 4 | Comparison of split-dosing vs non-split(morning) dosing regimen for assessment of quality of bowel preparation for colonoscopy显示文摘AIM: To compare(using the Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale) the efficacy of split-dose vs morning administration of polyethylene glycol solution for colon cleansing in patients undergoing colonoscopy, and to assess the optimal preparation-to-colonoscopy interval.METHODS: Single-centre, prospective, randomized, investigator-blind stud in an academic tertiarycare centre. Two hundred patients requiring elective colonoscopy were assigned to receive one of the two preparation regimens(split vs morning) prior to colonoscopy. Main outcome measurements were bowel preparation quality and patient tolerability.RESULTS: Split-dose regimen resulted in better bowel preparation compared to morning regimen [Ottawascore mean 5.52(SD 1.23) vs 6.02(1.34); P = 0.017]. On subgroup analysis, for afternoon procedures, both the preparations were equally effective(P = 0.756). There was no difference in tolerability and compliance between the two regimens.CONCLUSION: Overall, previous evening- same morning split-dosing regimen results in better bowel cleansing for colonoscopy compared to morning preparation. For afternoon procedures, both schedules are equally effective; morning preparation may be more convenient to the patient. | Hardik Shah Devendra Desai Hrishikesh Samant Sandeep Davavala Anand Joshi Tarun Gupta Philip Abraham | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，12： | 8 |
| 5 | Evaluation of Fujinon intelligent chromo endoscopy-assisted capsule endoscopy in patients with obscure gastroenterology bleeding显示文摘AIM:To investigate the potential benef it of Fujinon in-telligent chromo endoscopy(FICE)-assisted small bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE)for detection and character-ization of small bowel lesions in patients with obscure gastroenterology bleeding(OGIB).METHODS:The SBCE examinations(Pillcam SB2,Giv-en Imaging Ltd)were retrospectively analyzed by two GI fellows(observers)with and without FICE enhance-ment.Randomization was such that a fellow did not assess the same examination with and without FICE enhancement.The senior consultant described f indings as P0,P1 and P2 lesions(non-pathological,intermedi-ate bleed potential,high bleed potential),which were considered as reference f indings.Main outcome mea-surements:Inter-observer correlation was calculated using kappa statistics.Sensitivity and specif icity for P2 lesions was calculated for FICE and white light SBCE.RESULTS:In 60 patients,the intra-class kappa cor-relations between the observers and reference f indings were 0.88 and 0.92(P2),0.61 and 0.79(P1),for SBCE using FICE and white light,respectively.Overall 157 le-sions were diagnosed using FICE as compared to 114 with white light SBCE(P = 0.15).For P2 lesions,the sensitivity was 94% vs 97% and specif icity was 95% vs 96% for FICE and white light,respectively.Five(P2 le-sions)out of 55 arterio-venous malformations could be better characterized by FICE as compared to white light SBCE.Significantly more P0 lesions were diagnosed when FICE was used as compared to white light(39 vs 8,P < 0.001).CONCLUSION:FICE was not better than white light for diagnosing and characterizing signif icant lesions on SBCE for OGIB.FICE detected signif icantly more non-pathological lesions.Nevertheless,some vascular le-sions could be more accurately characterized with FICE as compared to white light SBCE. | Tarun Gupta Mostafa Ibrahim Jacques Deviere André Van Gossum | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，41： | 8 |
| 6 | Endoscopic management of chronic radiation proctitis显示文摘Chronic radiation proctopathy occurs in 5%-20% of patients following pelvic radiotherapy. Although many cases resolve spontaneously,some lead to chronic symptoms including diarrhea,tenesmus,urgency and persistent rectal bleeding with iron deficiency anemia requiring blood transfusions. Treatments for chronic radiation proctitis remain unsatisfactory and the basis of evidence for various therapies is generally insuff icient. There are very few controlled or prospective trials,and comparisons between therapies are limited because of different evaluation methods. Medical treatments,including formalin,topical sucralfate,5-amino salicylic acid enemas,and short chain fatty acids have been used with limited success.Surgical management is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endoscopic therapy using modalities such as the heater probe,neodymium:yttrium-aluminium-garnet laser,potassium titanyl phosphate laser and bipolar electrocoagulation has been reported to be of some benef it,but with frequent complications.Argon plasma coagulation is touted to be the preferred endoscopic therapy due to its eff icacy and safety profile.Newer methods of endoscopic ablation such as radiofrequency ablation and cryotherapy have been recently described which may afford broader areas of treatment per application,with lower rate of complications.This review will focus on endoscopic ablation therapies,including such newer modalities,for chronic radiation proctitis. | Tarun Rustagi Hiroshi Mashimo | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，41： | 8 |
| 7 | 表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取三七花总皂苷工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究显示文摘建立并优化了表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取三七花总皂苷的工艺条件。以Triton X-100表面活性剂为提取溶剂,在复合酶添加量为0.2%(质量分数),液固比为30∶1(mL∶g),Triton X-100溶液pH值为5时,表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取三七花总皂苷最优条件为:酶解温度60℃,超声功率465 W,超声40 min,此时三七花总皂苷的提取率为16.38%,高于传统的回流加热提取、超声波辅助提取。对3种工艺提取三七花总皂苷进行抗氧化活性测定,结果表明,表面活性剂协同超声波酶法提取得到的三七总皂苷对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除能力更高,总抗氧化能力更强,其质量浓度为0.156 mg/mL时,对DNA损伤保护作用最强。该研究方法萃取效率较高,环保安全,易于推广应用。 | 陈红惠 TARUN BELWAL 李刚凤 罗自生 | 2020 | 食品与发酵工业2020，46，20： | 8 |
| 8 | A phase Ⅱ study of gemcitabine and carboplatin combination chemotherapy in gallbladder carcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND: Patients with carcinoma of the gallbladder have advanced, unresectable tumor at the time of presentation and face a dismal prognosis in the absence of a standard palliative chemotherapy regimen. This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combined chemotherapy of gemcitabine and carboplatin in 20 patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: The criteria of eligibility included chemonaive patients with unresectable gallbladder cancer, bidimensionaIly measurable disease, Zubrod’s performance status≤2, and adequate major organ function. The patients received gemcitabine (1000 mg/m^2) on days 1 and 8, and carboplatin (target AUC of 5.0 mg/ml) on day 1, in a 21-day cycle. CT was used for response assessment. RESULTS: In this group of 20 patients with advanced gallbladder carcinoma 6 were men and 14 women, with a median age of 55 years. The stage of the tumor at presentation was IVB in 14 patients (70%), IVA in 3 (15%) and Ⅲ in 3 (15%). Four patients (21%) achieved a complete response, and 3 (15.7%), a partial response; an overall response rate was 36.7%. The median time to progression of the tumor was 33.8 weeks, and 1-year survival rate of the patients was 43.3%. Anemia of WHO grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ was seen in 2 patients (10%) and 1 patient (5%), respectively. Grade Ⅲ neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 2 patients (10%) and 1 patient (5%), respectively. CONCLUSION: With mild toxicity, combined chemotherapy of gemcitabine and carhoplatin is effective in the treatment of advanced gallbladder carcinoma. | Pramod Kumar Julka Tarun Puri Goura Kishore Rath | 2006 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2006，5，1： | 7 |
| 9 | Colorectal cancers in ulcerative colitis from a low-prevalence area for colon cancer显示文摘AIM: To determine the incidence and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) in patients with ulcerative colitis from a low prevalence region for CRC.METHODS: Our prospective database yielded a cohort of 430 patients [age: 44 ± 14.6 years; 248 men(57.7%)] with ulcerative colitis(median disease duration 6, range: 1-39 years) for analysis. Of these, 131(30.5%) had left-sided colitis and 159(37%) extensive colitis. Patients with histologically confirmed CRC within the segment with colitis were compared with those without CRC, to determine the risk factors for the development of CRC.RESULTS: Twelve patients(2.8%) developed CRC. The overall incidence density was 3.56/1000 patient-years of disease- 3/1000 in the first 10 years, 3.3/1000 at 10 to 20 years, and 7/1000 at > 20 years. Three of our 12 patients developed CRC within 8 years of disease onset. On univariate analysis, extensive colitis, longer duration of disease, and poor control of disease were associated with development of CRC. On multivariate analysis, duration of disease and extent of colitis remained significant.CONCLUSION: CRC occurred in 2.8% of patients with ulcerative colitis in our population- an incidence density similar to that in Western countries in spite of a low overall prevalence of colon cancer in our population.The risk increased with extent and duration of disease. | Devendra Desai Sudeep Shah Abhijit Deshmukh Philip Abraham Anand Joshi Tarun Gupta Ramesh Deshpande Varun Khandagale Siji George | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，12： | 7 |
| 10 | Virtual preoperative planning and 3D printing are valuable for the management of complex orthopaedic trauma显示文摘Purpose:The technology of 3D printing(3DP)exists for quite some time,but it is still not utilized to its full potential in the field of orthopaedics and traumatology,such as underestimating its worth in virtual preoperative planning(VPP)and designing various models,templates,and jigs.It can be a significant tool in the reduction of surgical morbidity and better surgical outcome avoiding various associated complications.Methods:An observational study was done including 91 cases of complex trauma presented in our institution requiring operative fixation.Virtual preoperative planning and 3DP were used in the management of these fractures.Surgeons managing these cases were given a set of questionnaire and responses were recorded and assessed as a quantitative data.Results:In all the 91 cases,where VPP and 3DP were used,the surgeons were satisfied with the outcome which they got intraoperatively and postoperatively.Surgical time was reduced,with a better outcome.Three dimensional models of complex fracture were helpful in understanding the anatomy and sketching out the plans for optimum reduction and fixation.The average score of the questionnaire was 4.5,out of a maximum of 6,suggesting a positive role of 3DP in orthopaedics.Conclusion:3DP is useful in complex trauma management by accurate reduction and placement of implants,reduction of surgical time and with a better outcome.Although there is an initial learning curve to understand and execute the VPP and 3DP,these become easier with practice and experience. | Abhishek Mishra Tarun Verma Abhishek Vaish Riya Vaish Raju Vaishya Lalit Maini | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2019，22，6： | 7 |
| 11 | Posterior dislocation of the hip with ipsilateral displaced femoral neck fracture显示文摘与 ipsilateral 联系的臀部的创伤的以后的脱臼代替了大腿骨的颈骨折是稀罕损害。而且,如此的病人的管理唤起考虑主要代替或保存大腿骨的头的强壮的看法。我们与如此的损害介绍了年轻成年人的一个盒子。他被操作在之上与大腿骨的颈的脱臼和固定的减小,在 cancellous 的帮助下的骨折拧紧。二年以后,破裂联合起来,病人是无征状的。我们进一步为如此的破裂建议了损害的机制并且在发展中的世界的变化损伤情形讨论了管理。 | Vivek Trikha Tarun Goyal Ram K. Jha | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2011，14，2： | 6 |
| 12 | Helicobacter pylori eradication in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura显示文摘AIM:To assess the effect of Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)eradication on platelet counts in patients with chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura(cITP).METHODS:A total of 36 cITP patients were included in the study.The diagnosis of H.pylori was done by rapid urease test and Giemsa staining of the gastric biopsy specimen.All H.pylori positive patients received standard triple therapy for 14 d and were subjected for repeat endoscopy at 6 wk.Patients who continued to be positive for H.pylori on second endoscopyreceived second line salvage therapy.All the patients were assessed for platelet response at 6 wk,3rd and 6th months.RESULTS:Of the 36 patients,17 were positive for H.pylori infection and eradication was achieved in16 patients.The mean baseline platelet count in the eradicated patients was 88615.38±30117.93/mm3and platelet count after eradication at 6 wk,3 mo and6 mo was 143230.77±52437.51/mm3(P=0.003),152562.50±52892.3/mm3(P=0.0001),150187.50±41796.68/mm3(P=0.0001)respectively and in the negative patients,the mean baseline count was71000.00±33216.46/mm3 and at 6 wk,3rd and 6th month follow up was 137631.58±74364.13/mm3(P=0.001),125578.95±71472.1/mm3(P=0.005),77210.53±56892.28/mm3(P=0.684)respectively.CONCLUSION:Eradication of H.pylori leads to increase in platelet counts in patients with cITP and can be recommended as a complementary treatment with conventional therapy. | Ravinder Naik Noonavath Chandrasekharan Padma Lakshmi Tarun Kumar Dutta Vikram Kate | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，22： | 6 |
| 13 | Salt Tolerance Mechanisms and Approaches:Future Scope of Halotolerant Genes and Rice Landraces显示文摘All rice plant developmental stages are severely affected by soil salinity. Salinity-induced ionic and osmotic stresses affect stomata closure and gaseous exchange, and reduce transpiration and the rate of carbon assimilation, and hence decrease plant yield. Understanding the response of rice plants toward salinity stress at the genetic level and developing salt-tolerant varieties are the vital mandates for its effective management. This review described the present status of salt-tolerance achieved in rice by various mechanisms including the ion homeostasis(Na^+/H^+, OsNHX antiporters), compatible organic solutes(glycine betaine and proline), antioxidative genes(OsECS, OsVTE1, OsAPX and OsMSRA4.1), salt responsive regulatory elements(transcription factors, cis-acting elements and miRNAs) and genes ecoding protein kinases(MAPKs, SAPKs and STRKs). Further, the future perspective of developing salt-tolerant varieties lies in exploring halotolerant gene homologs from rice varieties, especially the landraces. Genetic diversity among rice landraces can serve as a valuable resource for future studies toward variety improvement through breeding and genome editing. Further, identification, multiplication, preservation and utilization of biodiversity among landraces are the urgent buffers to be saved as a heritage for future generations to come. | Tarun Bhatt Aditi Sharma Sanjeev Puri Anu Priya Minhas | 2020 | Rice science2020，27，5： | 6 |
| 14 | Ipsilateral fracture dislocations of the hip and knee joints with contralateral open fracture of the leg: a rare case and its management principles显示文摘这份报纸讨论了损害机制和有的伴随物 ipsilateral 臀部和膝脱臼和 contralateral 打开腿骨折的一个病人的管理。一个 32 岁的人与左臀部(小瓦锅的类型 IV ) 和关节和 contralateral 张开的膝(穆尔二世) 的 ipsilateral 破裂脱臼介绍了在一个汽车事故以后的腿骨头的骨折。在紧急情况以后使复生的措施,新潮的关节被减少,小瓦锅的破裂用 Ganz 途径被修理与落后螺丝钉;膝关节仔细被减少,胫骨的高原骨折与跨越 fixator 的侧面的撑墙板和 transarticular 被稳定。另外的腿上的开的破裂与外部 fixator 被清除并且修理。当他在麻醉下面被检查时,在在固定以后的两个关节没有不稳定性。破裂在 3 个月以后联合起来,病人没有臀部和膝的剩余不稳定性。没有在在 6 个月以后的新潮的关节的 osteonecrosis 的临床或放射学的证据。在一个年后续,他在两个关节与运动的几乎正常范围有令人满意的功能的结果。Ipsilateral 臀部和膝脱臼是稀罕损害,更多的小心为早诊断被需要。及时适当干预能处于这种状况提供好功能的结果给病人。 | Ramesh Kumar Sen Sujit Kumar Tripathy Vibhu Krishnan Tarun Goyal Vanyambadi Jagadeesh | 2011 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2011，14，3： | 5 |
| 15 | Epidemiologic pattern of paediatric supracondylar fractures of humerus in a teaching hospital of rural India: A prospective study of 263 cases显示文摘 | Rashid Anjum Vivek Sharma Ramesh Jindal Tarun Pratap Singh Narender Rathee | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Traumatology2017，20，3： | 5 |
| 16 | 合成B_(4)C和天然钛铁矿陶瓷颗粒增强LM13铝硅合金基复合材料的磨损性能对比显示文摘研究以LM13铝硅合金为基体、陶瓷颗粒为增强相,采用搅拌铸造法制备的复合材料(AMCs)的干滑动磨损行为。分别采用两种不同的陶瓷颗粒增强相:合成的B_(4)C和天然的钛铁矿陶瓷颗粒。光学显微镜结果显示,增强颗粒均匀分散在基体材料中,增强颗粒使共晶硅的晶粒尺寸细化,形貌变为球形。B_(4)C增强复合材料(BRCs)的硬度提高最大,而钛铁矿增强复合材料(IRCs)由于界面化合物的形成导致基体−增强相界面结合较强,摩擦因数降低最大。与基体合金相比,复合材料的干滑动磨损性能显著提高。B_(4)C颗粒的低密度和高硬度导致BRCs中颗粒周围高的位错密度。另一方面,钛铁矿颗粒的低热导率导致IRCs表面发生早期氧化并形成摩擦层。可见,尽管两种类型的增强相的作用机制存在很大不同,他们都能改善AMCs的耐磨性能。因此,低成本钛铁矿颗粒可替代高成本B_(4)C颗粒,制备耐磨复合材料。 | Rahul GUPTA Tarun NANDA O.P.PANDEY | 2021 | Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China2021，31，12： | 5 |
| 17 | An evaluation of the emission profile for two-wheelers at a traffic junction显示文摘Two-wheeler vehicles are an important mode of transportation in developing countries.However,the emissions from two-wheeler vehicles are significant.Urban two-wheeler vehicles with gasoline-fueled engines produce NO,and particulate matter emissions that affect urban air quality.During traffic light stops and programmed stops,for instance,pollutants are emitted and are dangerous to human health.In this experimental study,two-wheeler vehicles with different makes,technologies and engine capacities were tested for exhaust emissions including gravimetric and online measurements at different engine speeds and a no load condition at a si mutated traffic junction.Gravimetric measurements were performed by collecting the particulate mass(at two engine speeds:1500 and 2500 rpm) from a diluted engine-out exhaust on quartz filter paper.Next,these collected particulates were used to determine the presence of metals,as well as the benzene soluble organic fraction(BSOF).The total particulate mass,BSOF and trace elements were slightly higher at a higher engine speed(2500 rpm).Online measurements were performed by sampling the engine exhaust(at four engine speeds:1500.2000,2500,and 3000 rpm)and using online instruments to determine the particle number and size distribution,the particle-bound polyaromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),the gaseous emissions and the smoke opacity.Engines with higher cubic capacity emitted a higher concentration of nano-particles.The particle-bound PAH concentration increased as the engine speed increased,but this concentration was notably low for the highest engine speed tested(3000 rpm).The regulated gaseous emissions increased as the engine speed increased for all vehicles. | Avinash Kumar Agarwal Prakhar Bothra Tarun Gupta Pravesh Chandra Shukla | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，1： | 4 |
| 18 | Emission profiling of diesel and gasoline cars at a city traffic junction显示文摘In congested urban roads,cars must stop at intersections because of city traffic lights.As a result,pedestrians and traffic police personnel are exposed to pollutants emanating from the tailpipe of various vehicles at such city traffic junctions.In this study,various gasoline- and diesel-fueled cars complying with different emission standards were tested for their emissions in simulated city traffic junction conditions.The engine exhaust from these cars was subjected to physicochemical characterization at different engine speeds under no-load conditions.These engine conditions were chosen because the cars idle at different engine speeds at a city traffic junction.Gravimetric and real-time measurements were performed for the tailpipe exhaust sampled from these vehicles.Exhaust particles were collected on 47 mm diameter quartz filter papers and subjected to gravimetric analysis for determining the total particulate mass(TPM)and trace metals while the engines were operated at two different engine idling speeds,1500 rpm(representing low idling) and 2500 rpm(representing high idling).At similar engine operating conditions,TPM and trace metals were lower for the exhaust from gasoline engines compared to the exhaust from diesel engines.Real-time measurements were performed for particle-bound poly-aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs),particle number and size distribution,regulated gaseous emissions and smoke opacity of the exhaust at four different engine speeds,1500,2000,2500,and 3000 rpm.Particle-bound PAHs showed a decreasing trend for the vehicles that complied with stricter vehicular emission standards.Higher particle peak number concentrations were observed for diesel exhausts compared to the results for gasoline exhaust.Regulated gaseous emissions were also compared. | Avinash Kumar Agarwal Tarun Gupta Prakhar Bothra Pravesh Chandra Shukla | 2015 | Particuology2015，13，1： | 4 |
| 19 | Assessment of biomass and net primary productivity of a dry tropical forest using geospatial technology显示文摘This study quantifies biomass, aboveground and belowground net productivity, along with additional environmental factors over a 2-3 year period in Barnawapara Sanctuary of Chhattisgarh, India through satellite remotesensing and GIS techniques. Ten sampling quadrates20×20, 5×5 and 1×1 m were randomly laid for overstorey (OS), understorey (US) and ground vegetation(GS), respectively. Girth of trees was measured at breast height and collar diameters of shrubs and herbs at 0.1 m height. Biomass was estimated using allometric regression equations and herb biomass by harvesting. Net primary productivity (NPP) was determined by Ssumming biomass increment and litter crop values. Aspect and slope influenced the vegetation types, biomass and NPP in different forests. Standing biomass and NPP varied from 18.6 to101.5 Mg ha^(-1) and 5.3 to 12.7 Mg ha^(-1) a^(-1), respectively,in different forest types. The highest biomass was found in dense mixed forest, while net production recoded in Teak forests. Both were lowest in degraded mixed forests of different forest types. OS, US and GS contributed 90.4, 8.7and 0.7%, respectively, for the total mean standing biomass in different forests. This study developed spectral models for the estimation of biomass and NPP using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and other vegetation indices.The study demonstrated the potential of geospatial tools for estimation of biomass and net productivity of dry tropical forest ecosystem. | Tarun Kumar Thakur S.L.Swamy Arvind Bijalwan Mammohan J.R.Dobriyal | 2019 | Journal of Forestry Research2019，30，1： | 4 |
| 20 | Bioautography and its scope in the field of natural product chemistry显示文摘Medicinal plants, vegetables and fruits are the sources of huge number of bioactive lead/scaffolds with therapeutic and nutraceutical importance. Bioautography is a means of target-directed isolation of active molecules on chromatogram. Organic solvents employed in chromatographic separation process can be completely removed before biological detection because these solvents cause inactivation of enzymes and/or death of living organisms. They offer a rapid and easy identification of bioactive lead/scaffolds in complex matrices of plant extracts. Bioautography is a technique to isolate hit(s)/lead(s) by employing a suitable chromatographic process followed by a biological detection system. This review critically describes the methodologies to identify antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitor lead/scaffolds by employing bioautography. A significant number of examples have been incorporated to authenticate the methodologies. | Saikat Dewanjee Moumita Gangopadhyay Niloy Bhattacharya Ritu Khanra Tarun K.Dua | 2015 | Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis2015，5，2： | 3 |
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