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| 1 | 北京大气颗粒物污染的区域性本质显示文摘颗粒物是北京的首要大气污染物,2006年PM10年均浓度超标60%以上.本研究基于颗粒物质量浓度在线监测和逐日TSP的采样分析,结合地面天气形势,论述了北京大气颗粒物污染的区域性特征.首先,北京大气颗粒物污染过程的形成由以冷锋过境为明显标志的周期性的天气系统决定,天气系统的活动尺度决定了颗粒物污染的区域性.其次,从PM2.5/PM10和Pb/Al比值的变化判别出颗粒物污染过程中随着颗粒物浓度的升高,细颗粒物呈现富集趋势;细颗粒物的富集由粗颗粒物的去除和超细颗粒物的生成(核化过程)、以及二次颗粒物的生成所致;污染过程中颗粒物的老化以及化学组成(Pb/Al)的大幅度变化共同表明了北京大气颗粒物来源的区域性本质. | 贺克斌 贾英韬 马永亮 雷宇 赵晴 TANAKA Shigeru OKUDA Tomoaki | 2009 | 环境科学学报2009，29，3： | 86 |
| 2 | Regulatory T cells in cancer immunotherapy显示文摘表示 FOXP3 规章的 T (Treg ) 房间,对自我抗原压制异常有免疫力的反应,也压制反肿瘤免疫者反应。进肿瘤纸巾的很多 Treg 房间的渗入经常与差的预后被联系。正在积累 Treg 房间的移动能唤起并且提高反肿瘤免疫者反应的证据。然而, Treg 房间的全身的弄空可以并发地得到有害 autoimmunity。为没有 autoimmunity,唤起有效肿瘤免疫的一策略是明确地严重地指向区分的受动器 Treg 房间而非所有 FOXP3 + T 房间,因为受动器 Treg 房间是在肿瘤纸巾的占优势的房间类型。各种各样的房间表面分子包括象 CCR4 那样的 chemokine 受体,那被受动器 Treg 房间明确地表示能是弄空的候选人由特定的弄空房间的 monoclonal 抗体的受动器 Treg 房间。另外,受动器 Treg 房间的另外的免疫学的特征例如他们 CTLA-4,活跃增长,和 apoptosis 容易的趋势的高表达式,能被利用明确地控制他们的函数。例如, anti-CTLA-4 抗体可以杀死受动器 Treg 房间或稀释他们的镇压活动。这被希望指向的 Treg 房间的联合(例如,由减少 Treg 房间或 attenuating 他们在肿瘤纸巾的镇压活动) 与肿瘤特定的受动器 T 房间的激活(例如,由疫苗的癌症或有免疫力的检查点封锁) 将使当前的癌症免疫疗法更有效。 | Atsushi Tanaka Shimon Sakaguchi | 2017 | Cell Research2017，27，1： | 107 |
| 3 | FBP、ASiR和VEO三种重建算法对常规剂量胸部CT图像质量的影响显示文摘目的探讨滤波反投影(FBP)、自适应统计迭代重建技术(ASiR)和基于模型的迭代重建算法(MBIR,商品名'VEO')三种重建技术对常规剂量胸部薄层CT图像质量的影响。方法应用能谱CT对15例成年患者行胸部增强CT扫描,扫描条件:100kVp,自动毫安,噪声指数15,螺距0.984∶1,球管转速0.4秒/圈。分别用FBP、50%ASiR(50%比例ASiR和FBP混合以降低噪声)和VEO三种重建算法对原始数据行0.625mm薄层重建,测量图像噪声及胸主动脉与背部肌肉的对比噪声比(CNR),并对3组图像分别进行质量评分,然后行对比分析。结果FBP、50%ASiR和VEO三组图像的噪声分别为24.30±3.55、17.11±2.55及11.69±1.74,50%ASiR和VEO组图像噪声分别较FBP组降低29.59%和51.89%(P均<0.01);胸主动脉与背部肌肉的CNR FBP、50%ASiR和VEO三组图像分别为10.56±3.05、15.15±3.88及21.69±5.62,50%ASiR和VEO组图像CNR较FBP组分别提高43.47%和105.40%(P均<0.01);图像质量主观评分FBP、50%ASiR和VEO三组图像分别为4.03±0.72、4.63±0.41及5.75±0.25,50%ASiR和VEO组图像较FBP组分别提高14.89%和42.68%(P均<0.01)。结论与FBP重建算法比较,在相同剂量条件下,50%ASiR和VEO能显著降低胸部CT图像噪声并提高图像质量;其中VEO重建算法降噪及提高图像质量效果更为显著。 | 吴瑶媛 王万勤 刘斌 Isao Tanaka 张帅 | 2012 | 中国医学影像技术2012，28，3： | 55 |
| 4 | Usefulness of biodegradable stents constructed of poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments in patients with benign esophageal stenosis显示文摘AIM: To report 13 patients with benign esophageal stenosis treated with the biodegradable stent. METHODS: We developed a Ultraflex-type stent by knitting poly-l-lactic acid monofilaments. RESULTS: Two cases were esophageal stenosis caused by drinking of caustic liquid, 4 cases were due to surgical resection of esophageal cancers, and 7 cases were patients with esophageal cancer who received the preventive placement of biodegradable stents for post- endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) stenosis. The preventive placement was performed within 2 to 3 d after ESD. In 10 of the 13 cases, spontaneous migration of the stents occurred between 10 to 21 d after placement. In these cases, the migrated stents were excreted with the feces, and no obstructive complications were experienced. In 3 cases, the stents remained at the proper location on d 21 after placement. No symptoms of re-stenosis were observed within the follow-up period of 7 mo to 2 years. Further treatment with balloon dilatation or replacement of the biodegradable stent was not required. CONCLUSION: Biodegradable stents were useful for the treatment of benign esophageal stenosis, particularly for the prevention of post-ESD stenosis. | Yasuharu Saito Toyohiko Tanaka Akira Andoh Hideki Minematsu Kazunori Hata Tomoyuki Tsujikawa Norihisa Nitta Kiyoshi Murata Yoshihide Fujiyama | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，29： | 30 |
| 5 | Current status, problems, and perspectives of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease research显示文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) is a major chronic liver disease that can lead to liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and ultimately death. NAFLD is pathologically classified as non-alcoholic fatty liver(NAFL) or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) based on the existence of ballooned hepatocytes,although the states have been known to transform into each other. Moreover,since the detection of ballooned hepatocytes may be difficult with limited biopsied specimens, its clinical significance needs reconsideration. Repeated liver biopsy to assess histological NAFLD activity for therapeutic response is also impractical, creating the need for body fluid biomarkers and less invasive imaging modalities. Recent longitudinal observational studies have emphasized the importance of advanced fibrosis as a determinant of NAFLD outcome. Thus,identifying predictors of fibrosis progression and developing better screening methods will enable clinicians to isolate high-risk NAFLD patients requiring early intensive intervention. Despite the considerable heterogeneity of NAFLD with regard to underlying disease, patient age, and fibrosis stage, several clinical trials are underway to develop a first-in-class drug. In this review, we summarize the present status and future direction of NAFLD/NASH research towards solving unmet medical needs. | Naoki Tanaka Takefumi Kimura Naoyuki Fujimori Tadanobu Nagaya Michiharu Komatsu Eiji Tanaka | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，2： | 29 |
| 6 | DR-3355(氟嗪酸光学异构体)的体外与体内抗菌作用显示文摘DR-3355[S-(-)-ofloxacin]和 DR-3354[R-(+)-ofloxacin]均是氟嗪酸的光学异构体(图1),现已成功地从合成的中间体中分离出。氟嗪酸为 S 和 R 异构体1:1的消旋混合物,其分子带一份水,而每一异构体只带半份水。 | Tanaka M 张永信 | 1992 | 国外医药(抗生素分册)1992，13，1： | 30 |
| 7 | Morrey Spaces for Non-doubling Measures显示文摘作者为可能非加倍,但是满足某些生长条件的氡措施给 Morrey 空格的一个自然定义,并且在泛音分析和他们的珍视向量的扩展在一些古典操作符的这些空格调查围住的海角。 | Yoshihiro SAWANO Hitoshi TANAKA | 2005 | Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series2005，21，6： | 25 |
| 8 | S-1与顺铂新辅助化疗后D2并腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫治疗腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移胃癌显示文摘背景合并胃周或腹主动脉旁淋巴结广泛转移的局部进展期胃癌是典型的不可切除胃癌,预后不良。目的本研究探究S-1+顺铂化疗后行胃周并腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫治疗腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移胃癌患者的安全性及有效性。方法合并腹腔动脉及其分支周围淋巴结肿大转移和/或腹主动脉旁淋巴结转移的胃癌患者,接受23周期(每28天重复)的S-1+顺铂化疗,而后接受根治性D2+腹主动脉旁淋巴结清扫(PAND)术。观察的主要终点为原发肿瘤无切缘残留(R0)切除率。目标样本量为50例,单侧检验α值及β值分别为0.105、0.2。R0的期望切除率为65%,临界值为50%。 | Tsuburaya A Mizusawa J Tanaka Y 吴晖 | 2014 | 消化肿瘤杂志(电子版)2014，0，4： | 23 |
| 9 | Arsenic Disulfide Induced Apoptosis and Concurrently Promoted Erythroid Differentiation in Cytokine-Dependent Myelodysplastic Syndrome-progressed Leukemia Cell Line F-36p with Complex Karyotype Including Monosomy 7显示文摘Objective:Acute myeloid leukemia progressed from myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS/AML)is generally incurable with poor prognosis for complex karyotype including monosomy 7(-7).Qinghuang Powder(青黄散,QHP),which includes Qing Dai(Indigo naturalis)and Xiong Huang(realgar)in the formula,is effective in treating MDS or MDS/AML even with the unfavorable karyotype,and its therapeutic efficacy could be enhanced by increasing the Xiong huang content in the formula,while Xiong huang contains>90%arsenic disulfide(As_2S_2).F-36p cell line was established from a MDS/AML patient with complex karyotype including-7,and was in cytokine-dependent.The present study was to investigate the effects of AS_2S_2 on F-36p cells.Methods:Cell proliferation was measured by an3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay.Cell apoptosis was identified by Annexin V-staining.Cell viability was determined by a propidium iodide(PI)exclusion.Erythroid differentiation was evaluated by the expression of cell surface antigen CD235a(GpA).Results:After treatment with AS_2S_2,at concentrations of 0.5to 16μmol/L for 72 h,As_2S_2 inhibited the proliferation of F-36p cells.The 50%inhibitory concentrations(IC_(50))of As_2S_2against the proliferation of F-36p cells was 6μmol/L.The apoptotic cells significantly increased in a dose-dependent mannar(P<0.05).The cell viabilities were significantly inhibited by As_2S_2 dose-dependent in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05).Significant increases of CD235a-positive cells were concurrently observed(P<0.05)also in a dosedependent manner.Conclusions:As_2S_2 could inhibit proliferation and viability,induce apoptosis,and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation dose-dependently in F-36p cells.AS_2S_2 can inhibit proliferation and viability,induce apoptosis,and concurrently promote erythroid differentiation in cytokine-dependent MDS-progressed human leukemia cell line F-36p with complex karyotype including-7.The data suggest that QHP and/or As_2S_2 could be a potential candidate in the treatment of MDS or MDS/AML even with unfavorable cytogenetics. | 胡晓梅 Sachiko Tanaka Kenji Onda 袁博 Hiroo Toyoda 麻柔 刘峰 Toshihiko Hirano | 2014 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2014，20，5： | 20 |
| 10 | Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer显示文摘Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery(NCS) has not been fully evaluated clinically. Currently, the main regimen of neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC) used in NCS includes cisplatin. The antitumor effects of NAC reduce lymph node metastasis and the tumor diameter in patients prior to surgery, and this can reduce the number of high risk patients who require postoperative radiation therapy. Many randomized controlled trials(RCTs) have examined the long-term prognosis of NCS compared to primary surgery, but the utility of NCS remains uncertain. The advent of concurrent chemoradiotherapy(CCRT) has markedly improved the outcome of radiotherapy(RT), and CCRT is now used as a standard method in many cases of advanced bulky cervical cancer. NCS gives a better treatment outcome than radiation therapy alone, but it is important to verify that NCS gives a similar or better outcome compared to CCRT. | Takashi Iwata Azumi Miyauchi Yukako Suga Hiroshi Nishio Masaru Nakamura Akiko Ohno Nobumaru Hirao Tohru Morisada Kyoko Tanaka Hiroki Ueyama Hidemichi Watari Daisuke Aoki | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2016，28，2： | 20 |
| 11 | Linking uric acid metabolism to diabetic complications显示文摘Hyperuricemia have been thought to be caused by the ingestion of large amounts of purines, and prevention or treatment of hyperuricemia has intended to prevent gout. Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase(XDH/XO) is rate-limiting enzyme of uric acid generation, and allopurinol was developed as a uric acid(UA) generation inhibitor in the 1950 s and has been routinely used for gout prevention since then. Serum UA levels are an important risk factor of disease progression for various diseases, including those related to lifestyle. Recently, other UA generation inhibitors such as febuxostat and topiroxostat were launched. The emergence of these novel medications has promoted new research in the field. Lifestyle-related diseases, such as metabolic syndrome or type 2 diabetes mellitus, often have a common pathological foundation. As such, hyperuricemia is often present among these patients. Many in vitro and animal studies have implicated inflammation and oxidative stress in UA metabolism and vascular injury because XDH/XO act as one of the major source of reactive oxygen species Many studies on UA levels and associated diseases implicate involvement of UA generation in disease onset and/or progression. Interventional studies for UA generation, not UA excretion revealed XDH/XO can be the therapeutic target forvascular injury and renal dysfunction. In this review, the relationship between UA metabolism and diabetic complications is highlighted. | Akifumi Kushiyama Kentaro Tanaka Shigeko Hara Shoji Kawazu | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，6： | 19 |
| 12 | Management of hepatitis B virus infection during treatment for hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Although liver resection is considered the most effective treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC), treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory because of the high rate of HCC recurrence. Since we reported hepatitis B e-antigen positivity and high serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA concentrations are strong risk factors for HCC recurrence after curative resection of HBV-related HCC in the early 2000 s, many investigators have demonstrated the effects of viral status on HCC recurrence and post-treatment outcomes. These findings suggest controlling viral status is important to prevent HCC recurrence and improve survival after curative treatment for HBV-related HCC. Antiviral therapy after curative treatment aims to improve prognosis by preventing HCC recurrence and maintaining liver function. Therapy with interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs may be useful for preventing HCC recurrence and improving overall survival in patients who have undergone curative resection for HBV-related HCC. In addition, reactivation of viral replication can occur after liver resection for HBV-related HCC. Antiviral therapy can be recommended for patients to prevent HBV reactivation. Nevertheless, further studies are required to establish treatment guidelines for patients with HBVrelated HCC. | Shoji Kubo Shigekazu Takemura Shogo Tanaka Hiroji Shinkawa Takayoshi Nishioka Akinori Nozawa Masahiko Kinoshita Genya Hamano Tokuji Ito Yorihisa Urata | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，27： | 19 |
| 13 | Surgical anatomy of innervation of the gallbladder in humans and Suncus murinus with special reference to morphological understanding of gallstone formation after gastrectomy显示文摘瞄准:澄清人的胆囊的神经分布,与在胃切除术以后的胆石形成的词法理解的特殊参考。方法:肝,胆囊和包围结构在乙醇沉浸于茜素红 S 的 10 mg/L 答案在死尸染色周围神经(n = 10 ) 。在区域的神经分布完全在一台双目显微镜下面被把。同样,在 10 Suncus murinus 的一样的区域的神经分布(S。murinus ) 被检验采用整个山免疫组织化学。结果:胆囊的神经分布通过二条线路主要发生了。一个人从前面的肝的丛,神经分布沿着膀胱的动脉和管发生了。总是,这条线路通过了肝十二指肠系带。另外的线路从以后的肝的丛,神经分布沿着膀胱的管 vent 集合发生了。这条线路也通过了肝十二指肠系带欧洲粪金龟子突围。类似的结果在 S 被获得。murinus。结论:从经由膀胱的动脉或管的前面的肝的丛的线路为保存胆囊神经分布是关键的。淋巴节点解剖可以明确地在胃切除术以后在肝十二指肠系带影响胆石的发生。而且,从经由到胆囊的胆总管和膀胱的管的以后的肝的丛的线路不应该被不顾。丛的保藏可以在胃切除术以后稀释胆石形成的发生。 | Shuang-Qin Yi Tetsuo Ohta Akihiko Tsuchida Hayato Terayama Munekazu Naito Jun Li Heng-Xiao Wang Nozomi Yi Shigenori Tanaka Masahiro Itoh | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，14： | 19 |
| 14 | Prognostic significance of the lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the prognostic significance of the lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR) in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who received palliative chemotherapy.METHODS:A total of 104 patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent palliative chemotherapy were enrolled. The LMR was calculated from blood samples by dividing the absolute lymphocyte count by the absolute monocyte count. Pretreatment LMR values were measured within one week before the initiation of chemotherapy,while posttreatment LMR values were measured eight weeks after the initiation of chemotherapy.RESULTS:The median pre-treatment LMR was 4.16(range:0.58-14.06). We set 3.38 as the cut-off level based on the receiver operating characteristic curve. Based on the cut-off level of 3.38,66 patients were classified into the high pre-treatment LMR group and 38 patients were classified into the low pretreatment LMR group. The low pre-treatment LMR group had a significantly worse overall survival rate(P = 0.0011). Moreover,patients who demonstrated low pre-treatment LMR and normalization after treatmentexhibited a better overall survival rate than the patients with low pre-treatment and post-treatment LMR values.CONCLUSION:The lymphocyte to monocyte ratio is a useful prognostic marker in patients with unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer who receive palliative chemotherapy. | Masatsune Shibutani Kiyoshi Maeda Hisashi Nagahara Hiroshi Ohtani Katsunobu Sakurai Sadaaki Yamazoe Kenjiro Kimura Takahiro Toyokawa Ryosuke Amano Hiroaki Tanaka Kazuya Muguruma Kosei Hirakawa | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，34： | 19 |
| 15 | The modulation of co-stimulatory molecules by circulating exosomes in primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Exosomes 是 endocytic 起源的 nanoparticles,由由他们调制 cell-to-cell 通讯的能力的优点正在吸引增加的注意的无数房间人口藏匿了。他们也在许多免疫学的问题正在吸引注意,包括 autoimmunity 和,特别地调整 cytokine 和 chemokine 激活的他们的能力。主要胆汁的肝硬化(PBC ) 被认为一个模型自体免疫疾病,它对胆汁的上皮的房间有高度集中的细胞毒素的回答。我们与 PBC 和 30 健康控制(HC ) 从 29 个病人从血浆孤立 exosomes,并且用一个前 vivo 系统在 mononuclear 房间人口在 co-stimulatory 分子表示和 cytokine 生产上学习了这些 exosomes 的效果。我们也与 HC exosomes 相比在 PBC 识别了 microRNA (miRNA ) 人口。我们此处报导尽管 exosomes 不改变 cytokine 生产,他们显著地确实在介绍抗原的人口上改变 co-stimulatory 分子表示。进一步,我们在 CD14 + 单核白血球上表明了那 CD86 起来调整的表情,而在 CD11c + 上起来调整的 CD40 由从有 PBC 的病人的 exosomes 的树枝状的房间。另外,有在有 PBC 的病人的传播 exosomes 的 miRNA 表示的差别。这些数据基于 co-stimulatory 分子玩的观察有重要重要性在 T 房间激活的规定的一个微分角色。我们的观察显示从 PBC 的异常 exosomes 有选择地在介绍抗原的房间的不同子集导致 co-stimulatory 分子的表示。这些改变可以在自体免疫的肝疾病的致病包含。 | Takashi Tomiyama Guo-Xiang Yang Ming Zhao Weici Zhang Hajime Tanaka Jing Wang Patrick SC Leung Kazuiclli Okazaki Xiao-Song He Qianjin Lu Ross L Coppel Christopher L Bowlus M Eric Gershwin | 2017 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2017，14，3： | 18 |
| 16 | Prospective study of differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors by pattern-based classification of contrast-enhanced sonography显示文摘AIM: To prospectively evaluate the usefulness of a pattern-based classification of contrast-enhanced sonographic findings for differential diagnosis of hepatic tumors. METHODS: We evaluated the enhancement pattern of the contrast-enhanced sonography images in 586 patients with 586 hepatic lesions, consisting of 383 hepatocellular carcinomas, 89 metastases, and 114 hemangiomas. After injecting a galactose-palmitic acid contrast agent, lesions were scanned by contrast- enhanced harmonic gray-scale sonography in three phases: arterial, portal, and late. The enhancement patterns of the initial 303 lesions were classified retrospectively, and multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify enhancement patterns that allowed differentiation between hepatic tumors. We then used the pattern-based classification of enhancement we had retrospectively devised to prospectively diagnose 283 liver tumors. RESULTS: Seven enhancement patterns were found to be significant predictors of different hepatic tumors. The presence of homogeneous or heterogeneous enhancement both in the arterial and portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern for hepatocellular carcinoma, while the presence of peritumoral vessels in the arterial phase and ring enhancement or a perfusion defect in the portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern for metastases, and the presence of peripheral nodular enhancement both in the arterial and portal phase was the typical enhancement pattern forhemangioma. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of prospective diagnosis based on the combinations of enhancement patterns, respectively, were 93.2%, 96.2%, and 94.0% for hepatocellular carcinoma, 87.9%, 99.6%, and 98.2% for metastasis, and 95.6%, 94.1%, and 94.3% for hemangioma. CONCLUSION: The pattern-based classification of the contrast-enhanced sonographic findings is useful for differentiating among hepatic tumors. | Kazushi Numata Tetsuo Isozaki Manabu Morimoto Kazuya Sugimori Reiko Kunisaki Toshio Morizane Katsuaki Tanaka | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，39： | 18 |
| 17 | 轴心受压方钢管混凝土短柱的性能研究:Ⅱ分析显示文摘利用三维非线性有限元方法编制的计算机程序,对试验结果进行了分析、比较,并探讨了方钢管混凝土截面受力机理和破坏机制.对截面尺寸和材料强度在较大范围内变化的方钢管混凝土短柱进行了模拟试验,通过参数分析、回归得到方钢管混凝土短柱的承载力计算公式. | 余勇 吕西林 Tanaka Kiyoshi Sasaki Satoshi | 2000 | 建筑结构2000，30，2： | 17 |
| 18 | Diagnosis of autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘Autoimmune pancreatitis(AIP) is a distinct form of chronic pancreatitis that is increasingly being reported. The presentation and clinical image findings of AIP sometimes resemble those of several pancreatic malignancies, but the therapeutic strategy differs appreciably. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is necessary for cases of AIP. To date, AIP is classified into two distinct subtypes from the viewpoints of etiology, serum markers, histology, other organ involvements, and frequency of relapse: type 1 is related to Ig G4(lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing pancreatitis) and type 2 is related to a granulocytic epithelial lesion(idiopathic duct-centric chronic pancreatitis). Both types of AIP are characterized by focal or diffuse pancreatic enlargement accompanied with a narrowing of the main pancreatic duct, and both show dramatic responses to corticosteroid. Unlike type 2, type 1 is characteristically associated with increasing levels of serum Ig G4 and positive serum autoantibodies, abundant infiltration of Ig G4-positive plasmacytes, frequent extrapancreatic lesions, and relapse. These findings have led several countries to propose diagnostic criteria for AIP, which consist of essentially similar diagnostic items; however, several differences exist for each country, mainly due to differences in the definition of AIP and the modalities used to diagnose this disease. An attempt to unite the diagnostic criteria worldwide was made with the publication in 2011 of the international consensus diagnostic criteria for AIP, established at the 2010 Congress of the International Association of Pancreatology(IAP). | Hiroyuki Matsubayashi Naomi Kakushima Kohei Takizawa Masaki Tanaka Kenichiro Imai Kinichi Hotta Hiroyuki Ono | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，44： | 17 |
| 19 | Contrast enhanced ultrasound of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Sonazoid(Daiichi Sankyo,Tokyo,Japan),a secondgeneration of a lipid-stabilized suspension of a perfluorobutane gas microbubble contrast agent,has been used clinically in patients with liver tumors and for harmonic gray-scale ultrasonography(US)in Japan since January 2007.Sonazoid-enhanced US has two phases of contrast enhancement:vascular and late.In the late phase of Sonazoid-enhanced US,we scanned the whole liver using this modality at a low mechanical index(MI)without destroying the microbubbles, and this method allows detection of small viable hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)lesions which cannot be detected by conventional US as perfusion defects in the late phase.Re-injection of Sonazoid into an HCC lesion which previously showed a perfusion defect in the late phase is useful for confirming blood flow intothe defects.High MI intermittent imaging at 2 frames per second in the late phase is also helpful in differentiation between necrosis and viable hypervascular HCC lesions.Sonazoid-enhanced US by the coded harmonic angio mode at a high MI not only allows clear observation of tumor vessels and tumor enhancement, but also permits automatic scanning with Sonazoidenhanced three dimensional(3D)US.Fusion images combining US with contrast-enhanced CT or contrastenhanced MRI have made it easy to detect typical or atypical HCC lesions.By these methods,Sonazoidenhanced US can characterize liver tumors,grade HCC lesions histologically,recognize HCC dedifferentiation, evaluate the efficacy of ablation therapy or transcatheter arterial embolization,and guide ablation therapy for unresectable HCC.This article reviews the current developments and applications of Sonazoid-enhanced US and Sonazoid-enhanced 3D US for diagnosing and treating hepatic lesions,especially HCC. | Kazushi Numata Manabu Morimoto Masaaki Kondo Yosuke Kunishi Tomohiko Sasaki Akito Nozaki Katsuaki Tanaka | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，2： | 15 |
| 20 | Clinical significance of type V_I pit pattern subclassification in determining the depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms显示文摘AIM: To clarify whether subclassification of the type VI pit pattern on the basis of magnifying colonoscopy findings is useful in determining the type and depth of invasion of colorectal neoplasms.METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 272 colorectal neoplasms (117 dysplasias and 155 submucosal invasive carcinomas; 228 patients) with a type V pit pattern [type VI, n = 202; type VN, n = 70 (Kudo and Tsuruta classification system)]. We divided lesions with a type VI pit pattern into two subclasses, mildly irregular lesions and severely irregular lesions, according to the prominent and detailed magnifying colonoscopy findings. We examined the relation between these two subclasses and histology/invasion depth.RESULTS: One hundred and four lesions (51.5%) were judged to be mildly irregular, and 98 lesions (48.5%) were judged to be severely irregular. Ninety-seven (93.3%) mildly irregular lesions showed dysplasias or submucosal invasion of less than 1000 μm (SM < 1000 μm). Fifty-five (56.1%) severely irregular lesions showed submucosal invasion equal to or deeper than 1000 μm (SM ≥ 1000 μm). Mild irregularity was found significantly more often in dysplasias or lesions with SM < 1000 μm than in lesions with SM ≥ 1000 μm (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Subclassification of the type VI pit pattern is useful for identifying dysplasias or lesions with SM < 1000 μm. | Hiroyuki Kanao Shinji Tanaka Shiro Oka Iwao Kaneko Shigeto Yoshida Koji Arihiro Masaharu Yoshihara Kazuaki Chayama | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 15 |
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