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| 1 | Need of surveillance response systems to combat Ebola outbreaks and other emerging infectious diseases in African countries显示文摘There is growing concern in Sub-Saharan Africa about the spread of the Ebola virus disease(EVD),formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever,and the public health burden that it ensues.Since 1976,there have been 885,343 suspected and laboratory confirmed cases of EVD and the disease has claimed 2,512 cases and 932 fatality in West Africa.There are certain requirements that must be met when responding to EVD outbreaks and this process could incur certain challenges.For the purposes of this paper,five have been identified:(i)the deficiency in the development and implementation of surveillance response systems against Ebola and others infectious disease outbreaks in Africa;(ii)the lack of education and knowledge resulting in an EVD outbreak triggering panic,anxiety,psychosocial trauma,isolation and dignity impounding,stigmatisation,community ostracism and resistance to associated socio-ecological and public health consequences;(iii)limited financial resources,human technical capacity and weak community and national health system operational plans for prevention and control responses,practices and management;(iv)inadequate leadership and coordination;and(v)the lack of development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and novel therapies including vaccines which can assist in preventing,controlling and containing Ebola outbreaks as well as the spread of the disease.Hence,there is an urgent need to develop and implement an active early warning alert and surveillance response system for outbreak response and control of emerging infectious diseases.Understanding the unending risks of transmission dynamics and resurgence is essential in implementing rapid effective response interventions tailored to specific local settings and contexts.Therefore,the following actions are recommended:(i)national and regional inter-sectorial and trans-disciplinary surveillance response systems that include early warnings,as well as critical human resources development,must be quickly adopted by allied ministries and organisations in African countries in epidemic and pandemic responses;(ii)harnessing all stakeholders commitment and advocacy in sustained funding,collaboration,communication and networking including community participation to enhance a coordinated responses,as well as tracking and prompt case management to combat challenges;(iii)more research and development in new drug discovery and vaccines;and(iv)understanding the involvement of global health to promote the establishment of public health surveillance response systems with functions of early warning,as well as monitoring and evaluation in upholding research-action programmes and innovative interventions. | Ernest Tambo Emmanuel Chidiebere Ugwu Jeane Yonkeu Ngogang | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 20 |
| 2 | Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical diseases显示文摘Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for pathogens.Still,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable populations.The London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination programmes.Tropical diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health systems.In order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June 2012.Current strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘One Health-One World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;and(iv)designing pilot studies to transfer Chinese experiences of successful surveillance-response systems to endemic countries with limited resources. | Ernest Tambo Lin Ai Xia Zhou Jun-Hu Chen Wei Hu Robert Bergquist Jia-Gang Guo Jürg Utzinger Marcel Tanner Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 14 |
| 3 | Nobel prize for the artemisinin and ivermectin discoveries: a great boost towards elimination of the global infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)made a marked transformation for neglected and vulnerable communities in the developing countries from the start,but infectious diseases of poverty(IDoPs)continue to inflict a disproportionate global public health burden with associated consequences,thereby contributing to the vicious cycle of poverty and inequity.However,the effectiveness and large-scale coverage of artemisinin combination therapy(ACT)have revolutionized malaria treatment just as the control of lymphatic filariasis(LF)and onchocerciasis have benefitted from harnessing the broad-spectrum effect of avermectin-based derivatives.The paradigm shift in therapeutic approach,effected by these two drugs and their impact on community-based interventions of parasitic diseases plaguing the endemic low-and middle-income countries(LIMCs),led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.However,the story would not be complete without mentioning praziquantel.The huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this disease.Together,these new drugs have provided humankind with powerful new tools for the alleviation of infectious diseases that humans have lived with since time immemorial.These drugs all have broad-spectrum effects,yet they are very safe and can even be packaged together in various combinations.The strong effect on so many of the great infectious scourges in the developing countries has not only had a remarkable influence on many endemic diseases,but also contributed to improving the cost structure of healthcare.Significant benefits include improved quality of preventive and curative medicine,promotion of community-based interventions,universal health coverage and the fostering of global partnerships.The laudable progress and benefits achieved are indispensable in championing,strengthening and moving forward elimination of the IDoPs.However,there is an urgent need for further innovative,contextual and integrated approaches along with the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),replacing the MDGs in ensuring global health security,well-being and economic prosperity for all. | Ernest Tambo Emad IMKhater Jun-Hu Chen Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Non-conventional humanitarian interventions on Ebola outbreak crisis in West Africa: health, ethics and legal implications显示文摘Due to the lack of Ebola outbreak early warning alert,preparedness,surveillance and response systems,the most deadly,complex and largest ever seen Ebola war has been devastating West African communities.The unparalleled Ebola tsunami has prompted interrogations into,and uncertainties about,the effectiveness and efficiency of national,regional and international community’s illed-responses using conventional humanitarian control and containment approaches and methods.The late humanitarian and local non-government organisations emergency responses and challenges to curb transmission dynamics and stop the ongoing spread in the Ebola outbreak in West Africa have led to an unprecedented toll of 14,413 reported Ebola cases in eight countries since the outbreak began,with 5,177 reported deaths including 571 health-care workers and 325 died as 14 November 2014.These indications the need of further evaluation of monitoring as substantial proportion of infections outside the context of Ebola epicentres,Ebola health centres treatment and care,infection prevention and control quality assurance checks in these countries.At the same time,exhaustive efforts should target ensuring an sufficient supply of optimal personal protective equipment(PPE)to all Ebola treatment facilities,along with the provision of training and relevant guidelines to limit to the minimum possible level of risk.The continent hosts a big proportion of the world’s wealth,yet its people live in abject poverty,with governments unable to feed and govern them effectively,and who are condemned to endure even darker moments with the Ebola outbreak in West Africa.Institutionalisation of practical and operational non-conventional emergency response models efficient health systems,and tailored programmes can clearly support to prevent,control and eventually stamp out Ebola geo-distribution in addition to population mental health services that are requisite to address the massive range of the health,socio-psychological and economic consequences during and post Ebola associated crises.There is a critical need for a more pragmatic and robust scientific approach to transform and re-orient the huge natural and human resource potentials towards achieving universal coverage,the 2015-2030 Millennium Developing Goals(MDGs),sustainable growth and development in Africa. | Ernest Tambo | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 4 |
| 5 | Scaling up impact of malaria control programmes: a tale of events in Sub-Saharan Africa and People’s Republic of China显示文摘This review aims at providing synthetic information with scientific evidence on the trends in the malaria events from 1960 to 2011,with the hope that it will help policy makers to take informed decisions on public health issues and intervention designs on malaria control towards elimination in both Sub-Sahara Africa and in the People’s Republic of China by highlighting the achievements,progress and challenges in research on moving malaria from epidemic status towards elimination.Our findings showed that since 1960,malaria control programmes in most countries have been disjointed and not harmonized.Interestingly,during the last decade,the causal factors of the unprecedented and substantial decline in malaria morbidity and mortality rates in most vulnerable groups in these endemic areas are multifaceted,including not only the spread of malaria and its related effects but also political and financial willingness,commitment and funding by governments and international donors.The benefits of scaling up the impact of malaria coverage interventions,improvement of health system approaches and sustained commitment of stakeholders are highlighted,although considerable efforts are still necessary in Sub-Sahara Africa.Furthermore,novel integrated control strategies aiming at moving malaria from epidemic status to control towards elimination,require solid research priorities both for sustainability of the most efficient existing tools and intervention coverage,and in gaining more insights in the understanding of the epidemiology,pathogenesis,vector dynamics,and socioeconomic aspects of the disease.In conclusion,political commitment and financial investment of stakeholders in sustaining the scaling up impact of malaria control interventions,networking between African and Chinese scientists,and their Western partners are urgently needed in upholding the recent gains,and in translating lessons learnt from the Chinese malaria control achievements and successes into practical interventions in malaria endemic countries in Africa and elsewhere. | Ernest Tambo Ahmed Adebowale Adedeji Fang Huang Jun-Hu Chen Shui-Sen Zhou Ling-Hua Tang | 2012 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2012，1，1： | 4 |
| 6 | Outwitting dengue threat and epidemics resurgence in Asia-Pacific countries: strengthening integrated dengue surveillance, monitoring and response systems显示文摘Dengue is still a substantial vector-borne viral disease threat and burden of public health importance worldwide.This situation is complicated by dengue virus unprecedented resurgence and persistence of varied serotypes in endemic-prone areas,and man-made and natural activities consequences that promote vector emergence,transmission dynamics and spread across the Asia-Pacific region.There is an urgent need to strengthen operational and contextual surveillance-response research in improving early detection of active reservoir detection,novel drug in case management and quality evidence-based response including the deployment of dengue mass vaccination.Moreover,sustained mapping and watching of dengue risk factors or determinants,performance and outcome indicators of control or elimination programs effectiveness in defining minimum effective data towards community knowledge-based decision-making policy and effective response packages is imperative.Moreover,implementation of a robust,integrated dengue early warning surveillance,monitoring and response systems metrics is required for evidence-based,timely and cost-effective contextual mitigation strategies,and innovative interventions. | Ernest Tambo Jun-Hu Chen Xiao-Nong Zhou Emad I.M.Khate | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Long-lasting responses after discontinuation of nivolumab treatment for reasons other than tumor progression in patients with previously treated,advanced non-small cell lung cancer显示文摘Dear Editor,Nivolumab,an inhibitor of programmed cell death 1(PD-1),is an immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)that enhances T cell functions by preventing negative regulation of cancer immunity,and it has shown clinically significant efficacy and tolerability in various types of cancer.Based on the results of randomized phase III trials comparing nivolumab with docetaxel[1,2],nivolumab is now used in clinical practice for patients with previously treated advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Fur-thermore,the most recent Japan Lung Cancer Society guidelines include nivolumab monotherapy in the sys-temic treatment strategy for previously treated,locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC[3].However,ICIs induce characteristic immune-related adverse events(irAEs),which are not seen with conventional cytotoxic agents or molecular targeted agents.IrAEs can occur in any organ system,most typically the skin,lung,and gastrointesti-nal,hepatic,and endocrine systems. | Hideharu Kimura Tomoyuki Araya Taro Yoneda Hiroki Shirasaki Koji Kurokawa Tamami Sakai Hayato Koba Yuichi Tambo Shingo Nishikawa Takashi Sone Kazuo Kasahara | 2019 | Cancer Communications2019，39，1： | 3 |
| 8 | Acquired immunity and asymptomatic reservoir impact on frontline and airport ebola outbreak syndromic surveillance and response显示文摘The number of surveillance networks for infectious disease diagnosis and response has been growing.In 2000,the World Health Organization(WHO)established the Global Outbreak Alert and Response Network,which has been endorsed by each of the 46 WHO African members since then.Yet,taming the dynamics and plague of the vicious Ebola virus disease(EVD)in African countries has been patchy and erratic due to inadequate surveillance and contact tracing,community defiance and resistance,a lack of detection and response systems,meager/weak knowledge and information on the disease,inadequacies in protective materials protocols,contact tracing nightmare and differing priorities at various levels of the public health system.Despite the widespread acceptance of syndromic surveillance(SS)systems,their ability to provide early warning alerts and notifications of outbreaks is still unverified.Information is often too limited for any outbreak,or emerging or otherwise unexpected disease,to be recognized at either the community or the national level.Indeed,little is known about the role and the interactions between the Ebola infection and exposure to other syndemics and the development of acquired immunity,asymptomatic reservoir,and Ebola seroconversion.Can lessons be learnt from smallpox,polio,and influenza immunity,and can immunization against these serve as a guide?In most endemic countries,community health centers and disease control and prevention at airports solely relies on passive routine immunization control and reactive syndromic response.The frontline and airport Ebola SS systems in West Africa have shown deficiencies in terms of responding with an alarming number of case fatalities,and suggest that more detailed insights into Ebola,and proactive actions,are needed.The quest for effective early indicators(EEE)in shifting the public and global health paradigm requires the development and implementation of a comprehensive and effective community or regional integrated pandemic preparedness and surveillance response systems tailored to local contexts.These systems must have mechanisms for early identification,rapid contact tracing and tracking,confirmation,and communication with the local population and the global community,and must endeavor to respond in a timely manner. | Ernest Tambo Zhou Xiao-Nong | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 2 |
| 9 | An electrophoretic study of air bubble attachment to aluminium clay/color flocs- A fundamental investigation of dissolved air flotation(2) 显示文摘 | Tambo N Lgarashi T Kiyotsuka M | 1985 | J Japan Water Works Association1985，54，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Physical characteristics of floes - I: The floc density function and aluminium floc 显示文摘 | Tambo N Watanabe Y | 1979 | Water Research1979，13，5： | 1 |
| 11 | The floc density function and aluminium floc 显示文摘 | Tambo N Watantabe Y | 1979 | Water Res1979，13，： | 1 |
| 12 | Kinetic study of flnidized pellet-bed processes characteristics of particle motions显示文摘 | Tambo N Matsui Y | 1993 | Water SRT Aqua1993，42，3： | 1 |
| 13 | The mechanism of pellet flocculation in a fluidized-bed operation显示文摘 | Tambo N Wang X C | 1993 | Water SRT-Aqua1993，42，2： | 1 |
| 14 | A Fundamental Investigation of Floc Growth显示文摘 | TAMBO N | 1965 | Journal of American Water Works Association1965，372，： | 1 |
| 15 | Interdiffusion at Si/SiGe interface analyzed by high-resolution X-ray diffraction显示文摘 | Shuqi Zheng M. Kawashima M. Mori T. Tambo C. Tatsuyama | 2005 | Thin Solid Films2005，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Growth of SrTiO3 Films on Si(001)-Sr(2 X 1) Surfaces显示文摘 | Md Nurul Kabir Bhuiyan Hiroaki Kimura Toyokazu Tambo | 2005 | Applied Surface Science2005，249，： | 1 |
| 17 | The mechanism of pellet flocculation in a fluidized- bed operation显示文摘 | Tambo N Wang X C | 1993 | J Wat SRT- Aqua1993，42，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Online floc size evaluation by photometric dispersion analyzer显示文摘 | Y Matsui N Tambo | 1991 | Water Supply1991，8，： | 1 |
| 19 | The mechanism of pellet floe- culation in a fluidized-bed operation显示文摘 | TAMBO N WANG Xiaochang | 1993 | Journal of Water Sup-ply: Research and Technology - Aqua1993，42，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Feasibility of a simple drainage system in Cameroonian children after thoracotomy and deeortication for empyema thoracis显示文摘 | N onga BN J emea B Tambo FM | 2012 | Afr J Paediatr Surg2012，9，1： | 1 |
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