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| 1 | Activation and signaling of the p38 MAP kinase pathway显示文摘The family members of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the four main sub-groups, the p38 group of MAP kinases, serve as a nexus for signal transduction and play a vital role in numerous biological processes. In this review, we highlight the known characteristics and components of the p38 pathway along with the mechanism and consequences of p38 activation. We focus on the role of p38 as a signal transduction mediator and examine the evidence linking p38 to inflammation, cell cycle, cell death, development, cell differentiation, senescence and tumorigenesis in specific cell types. Upstream and downstream components of p38 are described and questions remaining to be answered are posed. Finally, we propose several directions for future research on p38. | Tyler ZARUBIN | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，1： | 148 |
| 2 | high-entropy silicide:(Mo_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)W_(0.2))Si_(2)显示文摘A high-entropy metal disilicide,(Mo_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)W_(0.2))Si_(2),has been successfully synthesized.X-ray diffraction(XRD),energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy(EDX),and electron backscatter diffraction(EBSD)collectively show the formation of a single high-entropy silicide phase.This high-entropy(Mo_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)W_(0.2))Si_(2) possesses a hexagonal C40 crystal structure with ABC stacking sequence and a space group of P6222.This discovery expands the known families of high-entropy materials from metals,oxides,borides,carbides,and nitrides to a silicide,for the first time to our knowledge,as well as demonstrating that a new,non-cubic,crystal structure(with lower symmetry)can be made into highentropy phase.This(Mo_(0.2)Nb_(0.2)Ta_(0.2)Ti_(0.2)W_(0.2))Si_(2) exhibits high nanohardness of 16.7±1.9 GPa and Vickers hardness of 11.6±0.5 GPa.Moreover,it has a low thermal conductivity of 6.9±1.1Wm^(-1) K^(-1),which is approximately one order of magnitude lower than that of the widely-used tetragonal MoSi_(2) and ~1/3 of those reported values for the hexagonal NbSi_(2) and TaSi_(2) with the same crystal structure. | Joshua Gild Jeffrey Braun Kevin Kaufmann Eduardo Marin Tyler Harrington Patrick Hopkins Kenneth Vecchio Jian Luo | 2019 | Journal of Materiomics2019，5，3： | 27 |
| 3 | Emerging role of microRNAs in lipid metabolism显示文摘micro RNAs(mi RNAs or mi Rs) are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of their target genes in a sequence-specific manner. Emerging evidence demonstrates that mi RNAs are critical regulators of lipid synthesis, fatty acid oxidation and lipoprotein formation and secretion. Dysregulation of mi RNAs disrupts gene regulatory network, leading to metabolic syndrome and its related diseases. In this review, we introduced epigenetic and transcriptional regulation of mi RNAs expression. We emphasized on several representative mi RNAs that are functionally involved into lipid metabolism, including mi R-33/33 n, mi R122, mi R27a/b, mi R378/378 n, mi R-34 a and mi R-21.Understanding the function of mi RNAs in lipid homeostasis may provide potential therapeutic strategies for fatty liver disease. | Zhihong Yang Tyler Cappello Li Wang | 2015 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2015，5，2： | 18 |
| 4 | The evolution and functional diversification of animal microRNA genes显示文摘microRNAs (miRNAs ) 是 22 核苷酸(nt ) 的一个丰富的班在更高真核细胞的染色体是弥漫的规章的 RNA。以便充分在染色体理解他们的突起,阐明是必要的能多样化 miRNA 活动的分子的机制。在这评论,我们描述一些允许新奇 miRNA 功能出现的许多策略,与 miRNA 基因怎么在动物演变的特别强调。这些机制在他们的顺序包括变化,处理,或表示模式;miRNA 的获得 * 功能或 antisense 处理;并且 de novo 基因出生。miRNAs 的设备和通用性位于下面多半演变并且变化他们怎么成为了更高的染色体的主导的成分。 | Na Liu Katsutomo Okamura David M Tyler Michael D Phillips Wei-Jen Chung Eric C Lai | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，10： | 17 |
| 5 | Recycling of mixed cathode lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles: Current status and future outlook显示文摘Worldwide trends in mobile electrification,largely driven by the popularity of electric vehicles(EVs)will skyrocket demands for lithium-ion battery(LIB)production.As such,up to four million metric tons of LIB waste from EV battery packs could be generated from 2015 to 2040.LIB recycling directly addresses concerns over longterm economic strains due to the uneven geographic distribution of resources(especially for Co and Li)and environmental issues associated with both landfilling and raw material extraction.However,LIB recycling infrastructure has not been widely adopted,and current facilities are mostly focused on Co recovery for economic gains.This incentive will decline due to shifting market trends from LiCoO2 toward cobalt-deficient and mixed-metal cathodes(eg,LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2).Thus,this review covers recycling strategies to recover metals in mixed-metal LIB cathodes and comingled scrap comprising different chemistries.As such,hydrometallurgical processes can meet this criterion,while also requiring a low environmental footprint and energy consumption compared to pyrometallurgy.Following pretreatment to separate the cathode from other battery components,the active material is dissolved entirely by reductive acid leaching.A complex leachate is generated,comprising cathode metals(Li+,Ni2+,Mn2+,and Co2+)and impurities(Fe3+,Al3+,and Cu2+)from the current collectors and battery casing,which can be separated and purified using a series of selective precipitation and/or solvent extraction steps.Alternatively,the cathode can be resynthesized directly from the leachate. | Tyler Or Storm WDGourley Karthikeyan Kaliyappan Aiping Yu Zhongwei Chen | 2020 | Carbon Energy2020，2，1： | 16 |
| 6 | Artificial intelligence in gastrointestinal endoscopy:The future is almost here显示文摘Artificial intelligence(AI) enables machines to provide unparalleled value in a myriad of industries and applications. In recent years, researchers have harnessed artificial intelligence to analyze large-volume, unstructured medical data and perform clinical tasks, such as the identification of diabetic retinopathy or the diagnosis of cutaneous malignancies. Applications of artificial intelligence techniques, specifically machine learning and more recently deep learning, are beginning to emerge in gastrointestinal endoscopy. The most promising of these efforts have been in computeraided detection and computer-aided diagnosis of colorectal polyps, with recent systems demonstrating high sensitivity and accuracy even when compared to expert human endoscopists. AI has also been utilized to identify gastrointestinal bleeding, to detect areas of inflammation, and even to diagnose certain gastrointestinal infections. Future work in the field should concentrate on creating seamless integration of AI systems with current endoscopy platforms and electronic medical records, developing training modules to teach clinicians how to use AI tools, and determining the best means for regulation and approval of new AI technology. | Muthuraman Alagappan Jeremy R Glissen Brown Yuichi Mori Tyler M Berzin | 2018 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2018，10，10： | 14 |
| 7 | 耳鸣对患者日常影响调查及耳鸣活动问卷的信度检验显示文摘目的调查耳鸣对患者日常影响,为耳鸣咨询提供参考和依据。检验耳鸣活动问卷(tinnitus activity questionnaire,TAQ)的可信度(reliability),为TAQ的应用提供依据。方法我院2008~2010年门诊耳鸣患者,耳鸣持续时间长于3个月者195例接受TAQ调查,以了解耳鸣对患者日常生活的影响。对195例耳鸣患者的耳鸣活动问卷进行因子分析(factor analysis)。结果耳鸣对患者的影响包括:TAQ得分:情绪状况47,注意力27,听力28,睡眠32。情绪状态是耳鸣对患者影响的最主要方面。对TAQ问卷因子分析的结果得出4个因子:分别解释的变异百分比为47.2%、11.9%、6.3%、5.2%,累计解释总体变异70.5%。因子分析的结果比较接近问卷设计的注意力、睡眠、听力、情绪4个方面,但是符合性并不完善。结论耳鸣对患者日常影响的注意力、睡眠、听力、情绪4个方面中情绪是主要的影响方面,耳鸣咨询应侧重该方面。TAQ因子分析结果比较接近问卷设计本身,具有较好的可信度。 | 潘滔 Richard Tyler 宋昱 王宇 柯嘉 马芙蓉 | 2011 | 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科2011，18，12： | 12 |
| 8 | Genetic factors that affect nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic clinical review显示文摘AIM: To investigate roles of genetic polymorphisms in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) onset, severity, and outcome through systematic literature review. METHODS: The authors conducted both systematic and specific searches of Pub Med through December 2015 with special emphasis on more recent data(from 2012 onward) while still drawing from more historical data for background. We identified several specific genetic polymorphisms that have been most researched and, at this time, appear to have the greatest clinical significance on NAFLD and similar hepatic diseases. These were further investigated to assess their specific effects on disease onset and progression and the mechanisms by which these effects occur. RESULTS: We focus particularly on genetic polymorphisms of the following genes: PNPLA3, particularly the p. I148 M variant, TM6SF2, particularly the p. E167 K variant, and on variants in FTO, LIPA, IFNλ4, and iron metabolism, specifically focusing on HFE, and HMOX-1. We discuss the effect of these genetic variations and their resultant protein variants on the onset of fatty liver disease and its severity, including the effect on likelihood of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. While our principal focus is on NAFLD, we also discuss briefly effects of some of the variants on development and severity of other hepatic diseases, including hepatitis C and alcoholic liver disease. These results are briefly discussed in terms of clinical application and future potential for personalized medicine. CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms and genetic factors of several genes contribute to NAFLD and its end results. These genes hold keys to future improvements in diagnosis and management. | Tyler J Severson Siddesh Besur Herbert L Bonkovsky | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，29： | 12 |
| 9 | Magnetic anchor guidance for endoscopic submucosal dissection and other endoscopic procedures显示文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD) is a wellestablished, minimally invasive treatment for superficial neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. The universal adoption of ESD has been limited by its slow learning curve, long procedure times, and high risk of complications. One technical challenge is the lack of a second hand that can provide traction, as in conventional surgery. Reliable tissue retraction that exposes the submucosal plane of dissection would allow for safer and more efficient dissection. Magnetic anchor guided endoscopic submucosal dissection(MAGESD) has potential benefits compared to other current traction methods. MAG-ESD offers dynamic tissue retraction independent of the endoscope mimicking a surgeon's 'second hand'. Two types of magnets can be used: electromagnets and permanent magnets. In this article we review the MAG-ESD technology, published work and studies of magnets in ESD. We also review the use of magnetic anchor guidance systems in natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery and the idea of magnetic non-contact retraction using surface ferromagentization. We discuss the current limitations, the future potential of MAG-ESD and the developments needed for adoption of this technology. | Mohamed Mortagy Neal Mehta Mansour A Parsi Seiichiro Abe Tyler Stevens John J Vargo Yutaka Saito Amit Bhatt | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 12 |
| 10 | Effects of alkaline-electrolyzed and hydrogen-rich water,in a high-fat-diet nonalcoholic fatty liver disease mouse model显示文摘AIM To identify the effect of hydrogen-rich water(HRW) and electrolyzed-alkaline water(EAW) on high-fat-induced non-alcoholic fatty acid disease in mice.METHODS Mice were divided into four groups:(1) Regular diet(RD)/regular water(RW);(2) high-fat diet(HFD)/RW;(3) RD/EAW; and(4) HFD/EAW. Weight and body composition were measured. After twelve weeks, animals were sacrificed, and livers were processed for histology and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A similar experiment was performed using HRW to determine the influence and importance of molecular hydrogen(H2) in EAW. Finally, we compared the response of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking HRW or RW to palmitate overload.RESULTS EAW had several properties important to the study:(1) pH = 11;(2) oxidation-reduction potential of-495 mV; and(3) H2 = 0.2 mg/L. However, in contrast to other studies, there were no differences between the groups drinking EAW or RW in either the RD or HFD groups. We hypothesized that the null result was due to low H2 concentrations. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of RW and low and high HRW concentrations(L-HRW = 0.3 mg H2/L and H-HRW = 0.8 mg H2/L, respectively) in mice fed an HFD. Compared to RW and L-HRW, H-HRW resulted in a lower increase in fat mass(46% vs 61%), an increase in lean body mass(42% vs 28%), and a decrease in hepatic lipid accumulation(P < 0.01). Lastly, exposure of hepatocytes isolated from mice drinking H-HRW to palmitate overload demonstrated a protective effect from H2 by reducing hepatocyte lipid accumulation in comparison to mice drinking regular water.CONCLUSION H2 is the therapeutic agent in electrolyzed-alkaline water and attenuates HFD-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. | Karen Jackson Noa Dressler Rotem S Ben-Shushan Ari Meerson Tyler W LeBaron Snait Tamir | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，45： | 9 |
| 11 | 基于归纳式学习法的通勤交通满意度指标研究显示文摘以评价通勤者对交通系统满意度为目的,建立通勤交通满意度指标.以问卷形式采集数据,采用归纳式学习方法,分析通勤者满意度等级与通勤时间之间的相关信息,得到以大于0.5证据权的出行时间区间为代表值的满意度指标.其中,通勤时间区间10~30min为出行者最满意的通勤时间代表值.此结论从一个角度说明交通出行行为具有'可达性'与'移动性'的双重价值. | 赵明宇 孙立军 TYLER Nick 兰成 兰成 | 2011 | 同济大学学报(自然科学版)2011，39，9： | 9 |
| 12 | 溪洛渡水库水温日变化的测量与分析显示文摘溪洛渡等河道型水库具有库容大且径流量大的特点,热动力过程和水温分布迥异于天然河流或湖泊。通过温度链对溪洛渡水库坝前水温进行长期高频监测,选取升温期和降温期典型时段,分析表层水温的昼夜变化和温跃层的内波现象;计算表面热交换,并分析其对水温变化的影响。结果表明:水面混合层在水面热交换的控制下周期性出现和消失;在升温期水面吸热对于变温层升温过程有重要影响;在降温期,水面失热驱动了垂向混合,入流降温形成侵入流,共同控制变温层的降温过程;温跃层中24 h周期的内波形成与出流日调节有直接因果关系。与实测数据计算的水面热通量相比,采用气象站日值数据的溪洛渡数值模型的模拟值偏小。 | 谢奇珂 刘昭伟 陈永灿 陈啸 Kenneth Tyler Werk | 2018 | 水科学进展2018，29，4： | 8 |
| 13 | Diagnostic and therapeutic direct peroral cholangioscopy using an intraductal anchoring balloon显示文摘AIM:To report our experience using a recently introduced anchoring balloon for diagnostic and therapeutic direct peroral cholangioscopy(DPOC).METHODS:Consecutive patients referred for diagnostic or therapeutic peroral cholangioscopy were evaluated in a prospective cohort study.The patients underwent DPOC using an intraductal anchoring balloon,which was recently introduced to allow consistent access to the biliary tree with an ultraslim upper endoscope.The device was later voluntarily withdrawn from the market by the manufacturer.RESULTS:Fourteen patients underwent DPOC using the anchoring balloon.Biliary access with an ultraslim upper endoscope was accomplished in all 14 patients.In 12(86%) patients,ductal access required sphincteroplasty with a 10-mm dilating balloon.Intraductal placement of the ultraslim upper endoscope allowed satisfactory visualization of the biliary mucosa to the level of the confluence of the right and left hepatic ducts in 13 of 14 patients(93%).Therapeutic interventions by DPOC were successfully completed in all five attempted cases(intraductal biopsy in one and DPOC guided laser lithotripsy in four).Adverse events occurred in a patient on immunosuppressive therapy who developed an intrahepatic biloma at the site of the anchoring balloon.This required hospitalization and antibiotics.Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography 8 wk after the index procedure showed resolution of the biloma.CONCLUSION:Use of this anchoring balloon allowed consistent access to the biliary tree for performance of diagnostic and therapeutic DPOC distal to the biliary bifurcation. | Mansour A Parsi Tyler Stevens John J Vargo | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，30： | 8 |
| 14 | 良性基础型眼睑痉挛患者与健康相关的生活质量和社会心理特征显示文摘目的:以视力为指标,比较良性基础型眼睑痉挛(BEB)患者和半侧面瘫患者与健康相关的生活质量和社会心理特征(HFS)。 | Tyler Andrew Hall Gerald McGwin Karen Searcey Aiyuan Xie Saunders L. Hupp Cynthia Owsley Lanning B. Kline 陆遥(译) | 2006 | 美国医学会眼科杂志(中文版)2006，18，4： | 7 |
| 15 | A novel long non-coding RNA Myolinc regulates myogenesis through TDP-43 and Filip1显示文摘 | Giuseppe Militello Mohammed Rabiul Hosen Yuliya Ponomareva Pascal Gellerts Tyler Weirick David John Sajedah Mahmoud Hindi Kamel Mamchaoui Vincent Mouly Claudia Doring Lidan Zhang Miki Nakamura Ashok Kumar So-ichiro Fukada Stefanie Dimmeler Shizuka Uchida | 2018 | Journal of Molecular Cell Biology2018，10，2： | 7 |
| 16 | Tight junction disruption: Helicobacter pylori and dysregulation of the gastric mucosal barrier显示文摘Long-term chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) is a risk factor for gastric cancer development. In the multi-step process that leads to gastric cancer,tight junction dysfunction is thought to occur and serve as a risk factor by permitting the permeation of luminal contents across an otherwise tight mucosa. Mechanisms that regulate tight junction function and structure in the normal stomach,or dysfunction in the infected stomach,however,are largely unknown. Although conventional tight junction components are expressed in gastric epithelial cells,claudins regulate paracellular permeability and are likely the target of inflammation or H. pylori itself. There are 27 different claudin molecules,each with unique properties that render the mucosa an intact barrier that is permselective in a way that is consistent with cell physiology. Understanding the architecture of tight junctions in the normal stomach and then changes that occur during infection is important but challenging,because most of the reports that catalog claudin expression in gastric cancer pathogenesis are contradictory. Furthermore,the role of H. pylori virulence factors,such as cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacoulating cytotoxin,in regulating tight junction dysfunction during infection is inconsistent in different gastric cell lines and in vivo,likely because non-gastric epithelial cell cultures were initially used to unravel the details of their effects on the stomach. Hampering further study,as well,is the relative lack of cultured cell models that have tight junction claudins that are consistent with native tissues. This summary will review the current state of knowledge about gastric tight junctions,normally and in H. pylori infection,and make predictions about the consequences of claudin reorganization during H. pylori infection. | Tyler J Caron Kathleen E Scott James G Fox Susan J Hagen | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，40： | 7 |
| 17 | 正常听力耳鸣患者的耳鸣音调显示文摘目的通过观察正常听力耳鸣患者的耳鸣音调分布状况,探讨耳鸣的听力下降相关机理。方法总结美国Iowa大学医院2000—2007年耳鸣患者数据库,根据听力图筛选196例耳鸣患者中的听力正常者,对他们的耳鸣音调进行观察。结果耳鸣患者中有34.69%为正常听力者,听力正常耳鸣患者的耳鸣音调分布从500Hz至8kHz频率范围,8kHz耳鸣音调患者占55.88%。最大听阈提高频率与耳鸣音调之间不存在相关性。结论耳鸣可以存在于正常听力人群中,耳鸣音调分布范围较广,耳鸣起源于听力损失的理论不适用于解释正常听力耳鸣人群,耳鸣产生的机理不能用单一的理论来解释。 | 潘滔 Richard S. Tyler Haihong Ji | 2009 | 中华耳科学杂志2009，7，3： | 6 |
| 18 | Three-dimensional bioprinted glioblastoma microenvironments model cellular dependencies and immune interactions显示文摘Brain tumors are dynamic complex ecosystems with multiple cell types.To model the brain tumor microenvironment in a reproducible and scalable system,we developed a rapid three-dimensional(3D)bioprinting method to construct clinically relevant biomimetic tissue models.In recurrent glioblastoma,macrophages/microglia prominently contribute to the tumor mass.To parse the function of macrophages in 3D,we compared the growth of glioblastoma stem cells(GSCs)alone or with astrocytes and neural precursor cells in a hyaluronic acid-rich hydrogel,with or without macrophage.Bioprinted constructs integrating macrophage recapitulate patient-derived transcriptional profiles predictive of patient survival,maintenance of stemness,invasion,and drug resistance.Whole-genome CRISPR screening with bioprinted complex systems identified unique molecular dependencies in GSCs,relative to sphere culture.Multicellular bioprinted models serve as a scalable and physiologic platform to interrogate drug sensitivity,cellular crosstalk,invasion,context-specific functional dependencies,as well as immunologic interactions in a species-matched neural environment. | Min Tang Qi Xie Ryan C.Gimple Zheng Zhong Trevor Tam Jing Tian Reilly L.Kidwell Qiulian Wu Briana C.Prager Zhixin Qiu Aaron Yu Zhe Zhu Pinar Mesci Hui Jing Jacob Schimelman Pengrui Wang Derrick Lee Michael H.Lorenzini Deobrat Dixit Linjie Zhao Shruti B.hargava Tyler E.Miller Xueyi Wan Jing Tang Bingjie Sun Benjamin F.Cravatt Alysson R.Muotri Shaochen Chen Jeremy N.Rich | 2020 | Cell Research2020，30，10： | 6 |
| 19 | Update on endoscopic pancreatic function testing显示文摘Hormone-stimulated pancreatic function tests (PFTs) are considered the gold standard for measuring pancreatic exocrine function. PFTs involve the administration of intravenous secretin or cholecystokinin, followed by collection and analysis of pancreatic secretions. Because exocrine function may decline in the earliest phase of pancreatic fibrosis, PFTs are considered accurate for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis. Unfortunately, these potentially valuable tests are infrequently performed except at specialized centers, because they are time consuming and complicated. To overcome these limitations, endoscopic PFT methods have been developed which include aspiration of pancreatic secretions through the suction channel of the endoscope. The secretin endoscopic pancreatic function test (ePFT) involves collection of duodenal aspirates at 15, 30, 45 and 60 min after secretin stimulation. A bicarbonate concentration greater than 80 mmol/L in any of the samples is considered a normal result. The secretin ePFT has demonstrated good sensitivity and specificity compared with various reference standards, including the 'Dreiling tube' secretin PFT, endoscopic ultrasound, and surgical histology. Furthermore, a standard autoanalyzer can be used for bicarbonate analysis, which allows the secretin ePFT to be performed at any hospital. The secretin ePFT may complement imaging tests like endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the diagnosis of early chronic pancreatitis.This paper will review the literature validating the use of ePFT in the diagnosis of exocrine insufficiency and chronic pancreatitis. Newer developments will also be discussed, including the feasibility of combined EUS/ ePFT, the use of cholecystokinin alone or in combination with secretin, and the discovery of new protein and lipid pancreatic juice biomarkers which may complement traditional fluid analysis. | Tyler Stevens Mansour A Parsi | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，35： | 5 |
| 20 | BRCA1 affects global DNA methylation through regulation of DNMT1显示文摘在 CpG 岛的全球 DNA hypomethylation 结合了本地 hypermethylation 是为乳癌的一个特点,然而,位于这个变化下面的机制留下逃犯。在这研究,我们证明 DNMT1,编码 methylation 维护酶,是 BRCA1 的一个 transcriptional 目标。BRCA1 通过一个潜在的 OCT1 地点和绑定绑在 DNMT1 基因的倡导者为维持 transcriptional 被要求在老鼠和人的房间的倡导者的活跃配置。我们进一步证明 BRCA1 的那损害功能在在 premaligant 阶段在一个 BRCA1 变异的老鼠模型检验的纸巾的几种类型导致全球 DNA hypomethylation,印的 genomic 的损失,和一种开的染色质配置。BRCA1 缺乏也与几 protooncogenes 的显著地增加的表达式层次被联系,包括 c-Fos,哈地岬,和 c-Myc,与在肿瘤的一个更高的表达式,当时乳房的上皮的房间显示了的 premalignant 在肿瘤和控制之间的一个中间的状态。在人的临床的样品,有 DNMT1 的减少的层次的 BRCA1 相互关联的减少的表示,和 CpG 岛的减少的 methylation。因此, BRCA1 通过断然调整 DNMT1 表示阻止全球 DNA hypomethylation,并且这为联系 BRCA1 的乳癌形成提供机制之一。 | Vivek Shukla Xavier Coumoul Tyler Lahusen Rui-Hong Wang Xiaoling Xu Athanassios Vassilopoulos Cuiying Xiao Mi-Hye Lee Yan-Gao Man Mutsuko Ouchi Toru Ouchi Chu-Xia Deng | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，11： | 5 |
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