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| 1 | Nitrite-derived nitric oxide by xanthine oxidoreductase protects the liver against ischemia- reperfusion injury显示文摘It was demonstrated that xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), during ischemia, catalyzes the formation of nitric oxide (NO) from nitrite (NO2-) and this NO2--derived NO protects the isolated perfused rat heart against the damaging effects of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) when conventional nitric oxide synthase (NOS) -dependent NO production is impaired. Liver is one of the organs with the highest XOR concentration. This study was designed to determine whether NO2--derived NO by XOR protects liver against I/R injury in vivo. For its minute amounts and active reactivity, NO can not be detected directly in real time in vivo by this time. We have to prove the above hypothesis indirectly. METHODS:Wistar rats were pretreated with saline, NOS inhibitor L-NAME (10 mg/kg intravenously), XOR inhibitor allopurinol (1.5 mg/kg orally), L-NAME +allopurinol and NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (0.6 mg/kg intravenously) respectively (12 animals per group). And then, they were subjected to total liver ischemia for 40 minutes followed by reperfusion. Blood samples and liver tissues were obtained for analysis after 3 hours of reperfusion. Survival was also investigated. RESULTS:Allopurinol-treated animals exhibited further increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and liver myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities, but further decreased liver adenosine triphosphate (ATP) stores after I/R compared to saline-treated counterparts (830.5±108.3 U/L, 56.5±11.0 U/mg protein and 1.93±0.47 μmol/g vs. 505.8± 184.2 U/L, 41.5±10.2 U/mg protein and 3.05±0.55 μmol/g respectively, P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01 respectively). The hepatocyte injury was further exacerbated and the overall survival rate was significantly decreased after I/R in animals given by allopurinol compared to those pretreated by saline (P<0.05). L-NAME and allopurinol co-treated animals exhibited more severe liver injury (P<0.05 and P<0.01) and a further decreased overall survival rate (P<0.05) compared to L-NAME or allopurinol alone-treated counterparts, but they were not different from carboxy-PTIO treated animals (P>0.05). CONCLUSION:NO2--derived NO by XOR in the hypoxic and acidic environment induced by hepatic I/R protects the liver against I/R injury in vivo. | Department of General Surgery ( Lu P, Wang CY and Chen DD), and Department of Radiology (Liu F), Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA ( Yao Z) General Surgery Laboratory, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College , Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022 , China (Tian Y, Zhang JH and Wu YH) | 2005 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2005，4，3： | 4 |
| 2 | The effects of dietary mannanoligosaccharides on cecal parameters and the concen- tra tions of enteric bacteria in the ceca of Salmonella-chal- lenged broiler chicks 显示文摘 | Spring P Weak C Dawson K A | 2000 | Poultry Science2000，，79： | 1 |
| 3 | Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of group-penned surgically castrated, immunocastrated (Improvac) and entire male pigs and individually penned entire male pigs显示文摘 | Pauly C Spring P OfDoherty J V | 2009 | Animal2009，37，： | 1 |
| 4 | A single subcutaneous bolus of erythropeietin normalizes cerebral blood flow autoregulatiou after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats显示文摘 | Spring borg JB Ma XD Rochat P | 2002 | Br J Pharmacol2002，135，： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of Pelleting Temperature on the Activity of Different Enzymes显示文摘 | Spring P Newman K E Wenk C | 1997 | Poultry Science1997，75，： | 1 |
| 6 | Theeffects of dietary mannan oligosaccharides on cecalparameters and the concentrations of enteric bacteria inthe ceca of enteric bacteria in the ceca of salmonella-challenged broiler chicks 显示文摘 | SPRING P WENK C DAWSON K A | 2000 | Poultry Science2000，279，： | 1 |
| 7 | Effect of a mannanoligosaccharide on the growth performance and immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)显示文摘 | Staykov Y Spring P Denev S | 2007 | Aquae Int2007，15，： | 1 |
| 8 | Analysis of unknown primary carcinomas metastatic to the neck: diagnosis, treatment, and outcornes显示文摘 | Doty J M Gossman D Kudrimoti M Valentino J Arnold S Spring P M | 2006 | J Ky Med Assoc2006，104，： | 1 |
| 9 | Performances, meat qual- ity and boar taint of castrates and entire male pigs fed a standard and a raw potato starch-enriched diet 显示文摘 | Pauly C Spring P O'Doherty J V | 2008 | Animal2008，2，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Mice heterozygous for mutation in Atm, the gene involved in ataxia-telangiectasia, have heightened susceptibility to cancer显示文摘 | Spring K Ahangari F Scott S P | 2002 | Nat Genet2002，32，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Comparative responses to sodium selenite and organic selenium supplements in Belgian Blue cows and calves显示文摘 | Guyot H Spring P Andrieu S | 2007 | Livest Sci2007，111，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Modeling the Relationship between Perceived Value,Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention in a Business-to-Business,Service Context:an Empirical Examination显示文摘 | Patterson P G Spring R A | 1997 | International Journal of Service Industry Management1997，8，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of group-penned surgically castrated, immunocastrated (Improvac ) and entire male pigs and individually penned entire male pigs 显示文摘 | Pauly C Spring P O'Doherty J | 2009 | Animal2009，3，7： | 1 |
| 14 | Imaging and photodynamic therapy: mechanisms, monitoring, and optimization显示文摘 | Celli J P Spring B Q Rizvi I | 2010 | Chem Rev2010，110，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Yeast's secret weapon and animal production显示文摘 | Spring P | 2000 | FeedMix2000，，： | 1 |
| 16 | Atrial premature beats pre- dict atrial fibrillation in cryptogenic stroke: results from the EM- BRACE trial显示文摘 | Gladstone D J Dorian P Spring M | 2015 | Stroke2015，46，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Optimized control of a pressure-wave supercharger: a model-based feedforward approach 显示文摘 | SPRING P ONDER C H GUZZELLA L | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology2007，15，3： | 1 |
| 18 | A One-step synthesis of epoxyphosphonates显示文摘 | Spring B Haake P | 1976 | J Org Chem1976，41，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of a mannan oligosaccharide on the growth performance and immune status of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss ) 显示文摘 | Staykov Y Spring P Denev S | 2007 | Aquaculture Internation2007，15，2： | 1 |
| 20 | The effects of dietary mannanoligosaecharides on cecal parameters and the concetrations of enteric bacteria in the ceca of Salmonella-challenged broiler chicks显示文摘 | Spring P Wenk C Dawson K A | 2000 | Ponltry Sci2000，79，： | 1 |
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