| 1 | Dietary resistant starch alleviates Escherichia coli-induced bone loss in meat ducks by promoting short-chain fatty acid production and inhibiting Malt1/NF-κB inflammasome activation显示文摘Background:Escherichia coli(E.coli)infection in humans and animals usually comes with gut dysbiosis,which is potential culprit to skeletal health,it is still unclear to whether diet interfered gut microbiome changes can be a protective strategy to bone loss development.Here,the effects of resistant starch from raw potato starch(RPS),a type of prebiotic,on E.coli-induced bone loss and gut microbial composition in meat ducks were evaluated.Results:The results showed that dietary 12%RPS treatment improved bone quality,depressed bone resorption,and attenuated the pro-inflammatory reaction in both ileum and bone marrow.Meanwhile,the 12%RPS diet also increased the abundance of Firmicutes in E.coli-treated birds,along with higher production of short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)especially propionate and butyrate.Whereas addition ofβ-acid,an inhibitor of bacterial SCFAs production,to the drinking water of ducks fed 12%RPS diet significantly decreased SCFAs level in cecum content and eliminated RPS-induced tibial mass improvement.Further,treatment with MI-2 to abrogate mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation protein 1(Malt1)activity replicated the protective role of dietary 12%RPS in E.coli-induced bone loss including reduced the inhibition on nuclear factorκB(NF-κB)inflammasome activation,decreased bone resorption,and improved bone quality,which were correlated with comparable and higher regulatory T cells(Treg)frequency in MI-2 and 12%RPS group,respectively.Conclusions:These findings suggested that the diet with 12%RPS could alleviate E.coli-induced bone loss in meat ducks by changing the gut microbial composition and promoting concomitant SCFAs production,and consequently inhibiting Malt1/NF-κB inflammasome activation and Treg cells expansion. | Huaiyong Zhang Simeng Qin Xiangli Zhang Pengfei Du Yao Zhu Yanqun Huang Joris Michiels Quifeng Zeng Wen Chen | 2023 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2023，14，1： | 0 |
| 2 | Three New Species of Diploderma Hallowell, 1861 (Reptilia: Squamata: Agamidae) from the Shaluli Mountains in Western Sichuan, China显示文摘In recent years,taxonomic research of the genus Diploderma has made great progress,but there are still areas lacking relevant investigations.During 2020-2021,we carried out survey of reptile diversity in and around the Shaluli Mountains and collected some specimens of Diploderma.Of which,based on systematics inferred from mitochondrial ND2 gene sequence and morphological data,three new species were recognized:Diploderma daochengense sp.nov.from the Shuiluo River and Muli River valleys in southeastern Daocheng County,D.xinlongense sp.nov.from the upper-middle valleys of the Yalong River in Xinlong County,and D.kangdingense sp.nov.from the Yalong River middle valley and Liqiu River valley.Specifically,these three new species formed three monophyletic lineages with strongly supported and nested into the subclade I of the Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood trees.The uncorrected mean genetic distance between these new species and their closely related species was 4.3%(D.xinlongense sp.nov.vs.D.panchi),3.4%(D.daochengense sp.nov.vs.D.yulongense)and 5.5%(D.kangdingense sp.nov.vs.D.bowoense),higher than many pairs of species of Diploderma.With respect to the morphology,D.daochengense sp.nov.can be easily diagnosed from D.yulongense byhaving smoothupper edge of the dorsolateral stripes,cyan or dark olive green to yellow gular spots inbothsexes and light yelloworwhite ventrolateral body in males;D.xinlongense sp.nov.can be easily diagnosed from D.panchi by having cyan gular spot in both sexes;D.kangdingense sp.nov.can be easily diagnosed from D.bowoense by having more T4S 20-25(average 23),more F4S 16-20(average 17)and yellow to light yellow ventrolateral body,yellow gular spot present in males.To date,the number of species of the genus Diploderma has increased to 40,of which 37 species have been known in China. | Bo CAI Meihua ZHANG Jing LI Simeng DU Feng XIE Mian HOU Huaming ZHOU Jianping JIANG | 2022 | Asian Herpetological Research2022，13，4： | 0 |
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