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您的检索式：作者名="Simba Tirima"
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| 1 | Food contamination as a pathway for lead exposure in children during the 2010–2013 lead poisoning epidemic in Zamfara,Nigeria显示文摘In 2010, an estimated 400 to 500 children died of acute lead poisoning associated with artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Processing of gold ores containing up to 10% lead within residential compounds put residents, especially children, at the highest risk. Principal routes of exposure were incidental ingestion and inhalation of contaminated soil and dusts. Several Nigerian and international health organizations collaborated to reduce lead exposures through environmental remediation and medical treatment. The contribution of contaminated food to total lead exposure was assessed during the environmental health response. Objectives of this investigation were to assess the influence of cultural/dietary habits on lead exposure pathways and estimate the contribution of contaminated food to children's blood lead levels(BLLs). A survey of village dietary practices and staple food lead content was conducted to determine dietary composition, caloric intakes, and lead intake. Potential blood lead increments were estimated using bio-kinetic modeling techniques. Most dietary lead exposure was associated with contamination of staple cereal grains and legumes during post-harvest processing and preparation in contaminated homes. Average post-harvest and processed cereal grain lead levels were 0.32 mg/kg and 0.85 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. Age-specific food lead intake ranged from 7 to 78 μg/day. Lead ingestion and absorption were likely aggravated by the dusty environment, fasting between meals, and nutritional deficiencies. Contamination of staple cereal grains by highly bioavailable pulverized ores could account for as much as 11%–34% of children's BLLs during the epidemic, and were a continuing source after residential soil remediation until stored grain inventories were exhausted. | Simba Tirima Casey Bartrem Ian von Lindern Margrit von Braun Douglas Lind Shehu Mohamed Anka Aishat Abdullahi | 2018 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2018，30，5： | 2 |
| 2 | 地质和卫生科学联合评估尼日利亚手工掘金所致的儿童铅中毒显示文摘[背景]2010年,无国界医生组织发现尼日利亚西北部爆发与手工黄金加工相关的铅中毒。疫情已造成约400名幼儿死亡,数千人受影响。[目的]旨在进行一项跨地质和卫生科学的评估,以明确铅的来源和暴露途径,确定更多相关毒物和高危人群,并探讨全球类似的铅中毒发生的可能性。[方法]采用不同的方法,对矿石样品、来自村庄和家庭化合物中的土壤和清扫样品、植物性食物样品进行分析。[结果]富铅金矿石在开采前的自然风化形成大量、高度胃-生物可及性的碳酸铅。在所有类型的样品中发现相同的铅矿指纹,从而确定矿石处理过程造成了极大的污染,土壤/清扫样品中的铅高达185000×10-7,植物性食品中高达145×10-7。意外摄食经过手口传播的土壤和从呼吸道排出的灰尘是主要暴露途径。食用受到加工过程污染的水和食品可能铅摄入量较小,但这些仍然是重要的暴露途径。虽然幼儿遭受了最直接和最严重的后果,但研究结果表明,年龄较大的儿童、成年工人、孕妇和哺乳期婴儿也处于铅中毒的风险之中。汞、砷、锰、锑、二氧化硅结晶暴露对健康造成额外的威胁。[结论]研究结果为尼日利亚正在进行的工作提供了信息,以评估铅污染和铅中毒、治疗受害者、减少暴露以及治理污染。矿床地质、开采前风化以及新兴的手工采矿几种因素可能会综合导致全球其他地方类似的铅中毒灾难。 | Geoffrey S.Plumlee James T.Durant Suzette A.Morman Antonio Neri Ruth E.Wolf Carrie A.Dooyema Philip L.Hageman Heather A.Lowers Gregory L.Fernette Gregory P.Meeker William M.Benzel Rhonda L.Driscoll Cyrus J.Berry James G.Crock Harland L.Goldstein Monique Adams Casey L.Bartrem Simba Tirima Behrooz Behbod Ian von Lindern Mary Jean Brown | 2013 | 环境与职业医学2013，30，9： | 0 |
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