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| 1 | 中国大陆肺炎发病率与死亡率:1985-2008年中英文文献的系统分析显示文摘目的肺炎是全球传染性疾病最主要的死因之一,但中国的肺炎疾病负担还知之甚少,因为很多数据资料都是以非英文文献的形式发表的。方法系统回顾了中国大陆关于肺炎发病率与死亡率的中文和英文文献,这些研究都是具有第一手数据的研究,1985-2008年有37篇论文符合纳入标准。结果各项研究的质量差异较大。5岁以下儿童肺炎发病率为(0.06~0.27)次/人年,肺炎死亡率为184/10万~1 223/10万人口。肺炎的发病率与死亡率随着时间稳定不变或者呈下降趋势,且农村高于城市。结论肺炎仍然是中国儿童的主要公共卫生问题之一。肺炎发病率与死亡率估计的变化差异大。继续降低发病率与死亡率需要可靠的监测数据和新的预防措施的实施,特别是在农村等高发地区。 | 官旭华 Benjamin J Silk Wenkai Li Aaron T. Fleishchauer 邢学森 蒋晓清 余宏杰 Sonja J. Olsen Adam L. Cohen | 2011 | 公共卫生与预防医学2011，22，1： | 54 |
| 2 | 马王堆帛书《式法》释文摘要显示文摘1973年湖南长沙马王堆三号汉墓出土的帛书,有一种在过去报道中通称“篆书阴阳五行”,其内容实际是选择吉凶时曰的数术,与湖北云梦睡虎地十一号秦墓所出竹简《曰书》相类,而更多与“式”的运作有关,今暂题为《式法》。目前《式法》的整理工作尚未全部完成,现选刊其中七部分的释文,供学术界研究。 | The Study Group for the Silk Books from Mawangdui | 2000 | 文物2000，，7： | 20 |
| 3 | 丝纤维及其织物的起皱机理显示文摘丝纤维及其织物的起皱程度与溶剂极性和生成氢键能力密切相关,且受溶剂分子的体积和粘度的影响,其中丝纤维在50%乙醇溶液中的起皱现象最为严重。 | Real Silk Creasing Mechanism Research Team | 1993 | 丝绸1993，30，6： | 15 |
| 4 | Mechanisms of Optimal Defense Patterns in Nicotiana attenuata: Flowering Attenuates Herbivory-elicited Ethylene and Jasmonate Signaling显示文摘To defend themselves against herbivore attack,plants produce secondary metabolites,which are variously inducible and constitutively deployed,presumably to optimize their fitness benefits in light of their fitness costs.Three phytohormones,jasmonates (JA) and their active forms,the JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) and ethylene (ET),are known to play central roles in the elicitation of induced defenses,but little is known about how this mediation changes over ontogeny.The Optimal Defense Theory (ODT) predicts changes in the costs and benefits of the different types of defenses and has been usefully extrapolated to their modes of deployment.Here we studied whether the herbivore-induced accumulation of JA,JA-Ile and ET changed over ontogeny in Nicotiana attenuata,a native tobacco in which inducible defenses are particularly well studied.Herbivore-elicited ET production changed dramatically during six developmental stages,from rosette through flowering,decreasing with the elongation of the first corollas during flower development.This decrease was largely recovered within a day after flower removal by decapitation.A similar pattern was found for the herbivore-induced accumulation of JA and JA-Ile.These results are consistent with ODT predictions and suggest that the last steps in floral development control the inducibility of at least three plant hormones,optimizing defense-growth tradeoffs. | Celia Diezel Silke Allmann Ian T.Baldwin | 2011 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2011，53，12： | 11 |
| 5 | Increased liver stiffness in alcoholic liver disease:Differentiating fibrosis from steatohepatitis显示文摘AIM:To test if inflammation also interferes with liver stiffness (LS) assessment in alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and to provide a clinical algorithm for reliable fibrosis assessment in ALD by FibroScan (FS).METHODS:We first performed sequential LS analysis before and after normalization of serum transaminases in a learning cohort of 50 patients with ALD admitted for alcohol detoxification. LS decreased in almost all patients within a mean observation interval of 5.3 d. Six patients (12%) would have been misdiagnosed with F3and F4 fibrosis but LS decreased below critical cut-off values of 8 and 12.5 kPa after normalization of trans-aminases. RESULTS:Of the serum transaminases,the decrease in LS correlated best with the decrease in glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT). No significant chang-es in LS were observed below GOT levels of 100 U/L. After establishing the association between LS and GOT levels,we applied the rule of GOT < 100 U/L for reliable LS assessment in a second validation cohort of 101 patients with histologically confi rmed ALD. By ex-cluding those patients with GOT > 100 U/L at the time of LS assessment from this cohort,the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) for cirrhosis detection by FS improved from 0.921 to 0.945 while specificity increased from 80% to 90% at a sensitivity of 96%. A similar AUROC could be obtained for lower F3 fibrosis stage if LS measurements were restricted to patients with GOT < 50 U/L. Histological grading of inflammation did not further improve the diagnostic accuracy of LS.CONCLUSION:Coexisting steatohepatitis markedly increases LS in patients with ALD independent of fibrosis stage. Postponing cirrhosis assessment by FS during alcohol withdrawal until GOT decreases to < 100 U/mL signif icantly improves the diagnostic accuracy. | Sebastian Mueller Gunda Millonig Lucie Sarovska Stefanie Friedrich Frank M Reimann Maria Pritsch Silke Eisele Felix Stickel Thomas Longerich Peter Schirmacher Helmut Karl Seitz | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，8： | 10 |
| 6 | 基于纳米磁流体尸体CT血管造影的可行性探究显示文摘目的初步探索纳米磁流体(magnetic nanoparticle ferrofluid,MNPF)用于尸体计算机断层扫描血管造影(postmortem computed tomography angiography,PMCTA)的可行性。方法纳米粒子γ-Fe2O3(30nm)通过油酸(oleic acid,OA)进行表面修饰,修饰后物质移至液体石蜡油(paraffin oil,PO)中,使用高速搅拌器搅拌,制备成γ-Fe2O3含量为200g/L的MNPF。使用手动负压灌注法,将MNPF、PO和OA分别导入3只牛心脏的冠状动脉及左心室。将灌有不同液体的牛心移至CT机上扫描,观察冠脉或左心室显影情况。结果灌注MNPF的牛心,其冠脉呈现高信号,3D重建后可以较好地显示冠脉解剖形态。灌注PO和OA的牛心,冠脉呈现低信号,无法通过3D重建显示冠脉解剖形态。结论MNPF可以提高冠脉显影效果,对于PMCTA可能有一定的研究价值。 | 夏志远 Christine Bruguier Fabrice Dedoui Silke Grabherr Marc Augsburger 刘蓓蓓 | 2021 | 中国法医学杂志2021，36，3： | 7 |
| 7 | 散射光对作物生长的影响显示文摘荷兰瓦格林根大学园艺所通过对水果和盆栽植物在温和性气候下的生长研究,发现散射光对作物生长有一定的促进作用。 | Silke Hemming Uko Reindere 高瞻 蔡峰 | 2007 | 农业工程技术(温室园艺)2007，，11： | 6 |
| 8 | Differential gene expression of chemokines in KRAS and BRAF mutated colorectal cell lines:Role of cytokines显示文摘AIM:To study KRAS/BRAF mutations in colorectalcancer(CRC)that influences the efficacy of treatment.To develop strategies for overcoming combination of treatment.METHODS:Five colonic cell-lines were investigated:DLD-1 with KRAS(G13D)mutation,HT 29 and Colo205 with BRAF(V600E)mutation as well as the wild type(Wt)cell-lines Caco2 and Colo-320.DLD-1(KRAS),HT-29(BRAF)and Caco2(Wt)cell lines were treated with cytokines(TNFα50 ng,IL-1β1 ng and IFNγ50ng)and harvested at different time points(1-24 h).KRAS inhibition was performed by the siRNA-approach.Two colorectal cancer cells DLD-1 and Caco2 were used for KRAS inhibition.About 70%confluency were confirmed before transfection with small interferring RNA(siRNA)oligonucleotides.All the synthetic siRNA sequences were designed in our laboratory.Total RNA and protein was isolated from the cells for RT-PCR and Western blotting.Densitometry of the Western blotting was analyzed with the Image J software(NIH).Results are shown as mean±SD.RESULTS:RT-PCR analysis in non-stimulated cells showed a low basal expression of TNFαand IL-1βin the DLD-1 KRAS-mutated cell-line,compared to Caco2wild type.No detection was found for IL-6 and IFNγin any of the studied cell lines.In contrast,pro-angiogenic chemokines(CXCL1,CXCL8)showed a high constitutive expression in the mutated cell-lines DLD-1(KRAS),HT-29 and Colo205(BRAF),compared to wild type(Caco2).The anti-angiogenic chemokine(CXCL10)showed a high basal expression in wild-type,compared to mutated cell-lines.KRAS down-regulation by siRNA showed a significant decrease in CXCL1 and CXCL10gene expression in the DLD-1(KRAS)cell-line in comparison to wild type(Caco2)at 72 h after KRAS silencing.In contrast,the specific KRAS inhibition resulted in an up-regulation of CXCL1 and CXCL10.The results of our study show a higher expression of pro-angiogenic chemokines at basal level in mutated cell-lines,which was further increased by cytokine treatment.CONCLUSION:To summarize,basal chemokine gene expression for pro-angiogenic chemokines was high in mutated as compared to wild type cell-lines.This reflects the likely existence of a different microenvironment in tumours consistent of wild type or mutated cells.This may help to rationalize the choice of molecular targets for suitable therapeutic investigation in clinical studies. | Sajjad Khan Silke Cameron Martina Blaschke Federico Moriconi Naila Naz Ahmad Amanzada Giuliano Ramadori Ihtzaz Ahmed Malik | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，11： | 6 |
| 9 | 气提式循环反应器处理污水试验研究显示文摘主要探讨了气提式循环反应器处理污水的几个有关问题 :载体选择 ,提升区的截面大小选择 ,载体生物膜和游离活性污泥的特点。试验结果表明 :载体材料中 ,焦炭稍优于炉渣 ,塑料效果最差 ;提升区应该存在最优截面尺寸 ,使载体的提升循环量最高 ;载体生物膜的存在 ,增加了生物量 ,提高了处理效率 。 | 李探微 彭永臻 韦苏 Silke Ben Angenika Bau | 2001 | 环境工程2001，19，3： | 6 |
| 10 | Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells migrate to healthy and damaged salivary glands following stem cell infusion显示文摘Xerostomia is a severe side effect of radiation therapy in head and neck cancer patients. To date, no satisfactory treatment option has been established. Because mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs) have been identified as a potential treatment modality, we aimed to evaluate stem cell distribution following intravenous and intraglandular injections using a surgical model of salivary gland damage and to analyse the effects of MSC injections on the recruitment of immune cells. The submandibular gland ducts of rats were surgically ligated. Syngeneic adult MSCs were isolated, immortalised by simian virus 40(SV40) large T antigen and characterized by flow cytometry. MSCs were injected intravenously and intraglandularly. After 1, 3 and 7 days, the organs of interest were analysed for stem cell recruitment. Inflammation was analysed by immunohistochemical staining. We were able to demonstrate that, after intravenous injection, MSCs were recruited to normal and damaged submandibular glands on days 1, 3 and 7. Unexpectedly, stem cells were recruited to ligated and non-ligated glands in a comparable manner. After intraglandular injection of MSCs into ligated glands, the presence of MSCs, leucocytes and macrophages was enhanced, compared to intravenous injection of stem cells. Our data suggest that injected MSCs were retained within the inflamed glands, could become activated and subsequently recruited leucocytes to the sites of tissue damage. | Silke Schwarz Ralf Huss Michaela Schulz-Siegmund Breda Vogel Sven Brandau Stephan Lang Nicole Rotter | 2014 | International Journal of Oral Science2014，6，3： | 5 |
| 11 | 基于卷积神经网络的微藻种类识别显示文摘对微藻的光学图像进行采样,并结合国内外专家对微藻鉴定的经验知识,制作了微藻图像数据集,并进行数据增强处理。借助深度学习的原理和方法,构建基于卷积神经网络结构的深度学习模型(AlexNet),对模型进行训练,并利用5折交叉验证方法确保模型的稳定性。结果表明,模型的训练精度为97.86%±1.63%,测试精度为85.86%±0.80%,达到了预期效果。利用AlexNet模型训练得到的参数,对预留的280个样本图像进行实际测试,7个藻种的平均精确度、平均召回率和调和平均数分别为83.3%,84.4%和83.3%,表明深度学习方法是鉴定微藻的一种有效方法。 | 崔雪森 田晓清 康伟 朱浩朋 张胜茂 JOE Silke 戴阳 樊成奇 | 2021 | 上海海洋大学学报2021，30，4： | 5 |
| 12 | Modern post-mortem imaging:an update on recent developments显示文摘Modern post-mortem investigations use an increasing number of digital imaging methods,which can be collected under the term“post-mortem imaging”.Most methods of forensic imaging are from the radiology field and are therefore techniques that show the interior of the body with technologies such as X-ray or magnetic resonance imaging.To digitally image the surface of the body,other techniques are regularly applied,e.g.three-dimensional(3D)surface scanning(3DSS)or photogrammetry.Today’s most frequently used techniques include post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT),post-mortem magnetic resonance imaging(PMMR),post-mortem computed tomographic angiography(PMCTA)and 3DSS or photogrammetry.Each of these methods has specific advantages and limitations.Therefore,the indications for using each method are different.While PMCT gives a rapid overview of the interior of the body and depicts the skeletal system and radiopaque foreign bodies,PMMR allows investigation of soft tissues and parenchymal organs.PMCTA is the method of choice for viewing the vascular system and detecting sources of bleeding.However,none of those radiological methods allow a detailed digital view of the body’s surface,which makes 3DSS the best choice for such a purpose.If 3D surface scanners are not available,photogrammetry is an alternative.This review article gives an overview of different imaging techniques and explains their applications,advantages and limitations.We hope it will improve understanding of the methods. | Silke Grabherr Coraline Egger Raquel Vilarino Lorenzo Campana Melissa Jotterand Fabrice Dedouit | 2017 | Forensic Sciences Research2017，2，2： | 5 |
| 13 | 比索洛尔治疗后给予依那普利对慢性心力衰竭患者生存率和住院率的影响:CIBISⅢ期随机临床试验结果显示文摘 | Willenheimer R van Veldhuisen DJ Silke B 任美峰 | 2006 | 中国处方药2006，5，1： | 4 |
| 14 | 基于纳米磁流体尸体磁共振成像血管造影的可行性研究显示文摘目的初步探究纳米磁流体(magnetic nanoparticle ferrofluid,MNPF)在尸体磁共振成像血管造影(postmortem magnetic resonance angiography,PMMRA)的可行性。方法纳米粒子γ-Fe2O3(30nm)通过油酸(oleic acid,OA)表面修饰后,均匀分散在石蜡油(paraffin oil,PO)中,制备γ-Fe2O3浓度为0~1000μg/ml的MNPF。MNPF导入试管密封后固定在MR仪扫描床上,使用T1w-SE、T2w-SE和3DT2*w-GR扫描序列获取影像数据并分析影像学特点。将γ-Fe2O3浓度为0μg/ml、25μg/ml和1000μg/ml的MNPF灌注至牛离体心脏冠脉中,使用T1wSE、T2w-SE扫描序列获取影像数据并分析影像学特点。结果当γ-Fe2O3浓度在0~100μg/ml范围时,MNPF在T1wSE影像上呈现高信号,在T2w-SE影像上呈现低信号,在T2*w-SE影像上,MNPF随着γ-Fe2O3浓度的增加信号逐渐降低直至消失。当γ-Fe2O3浓度超过100μg/ml时,将可能导致磁敏感伪影的产生,而不适合造影剂的使用。结论一定浓度范围的γ-Fe2O3脂溶性MNPF,有可能成为PMMRA的T1阳性造影剂和信号可控T2*对比剂。 | 夏志远 Christine Bruguier Fabrice Dedouit Silke Grabherr Marc Augsburger 刘蓓蓓 | 2020 | 中国法医学杂志2020，35，6： | 4 |
| 15 | 序批式气提循环反应器处理污水的试验研究显示文摘介绍了一种新型的污水处理工艺———序批式气提循环反应器。其结合了气提式循环反应器和序批式活性污泥法 (SBR)的特点 ,使气提式循环反应器的工艺过程呈序批式进行 ,解决了气提式循环反应器载体流失和污泥回流等问题 ,并具有SBR的各种优点。试验结果表明 :序批式气提循环反应器具有很好的去除有机物、氨氮和悬浮固体的能力。 | 王亚宜 李探微 杨育红 Silke Ben Angenika Bau | 2002 | 给水排水2002，28，1： | 4 |
| 16 | Current techniques for AB0-incompatible living donor liver transplantation显示文摘For a long time, it was considered medical malpractice to neglect the blood group system during transplantation. Because there are far more patients waiting for organs than organs available, a variety of attempts have been made to transplant AB0-incompatible(AB0i) grafts. Improvements in AB0 i graft survival rates have been achieved with immunosuppression regimens and plasma treatment procedures. Nevertheless, some grafts are rejected early after AB0 i living donor liver transplantation(LDLT) due to antibody mediated rejection or later biliary complications that affect the quality of life. Therefore, the AB0 i LDLT is an option only for emergency situations, and it requires careful planning. This review compares the treatment possibilities and their effect on the patients' graft outcome from 2010 to the present. We compared 11 transplant center regimens and their outcomes. The best improvement, next to plasma treatment procedures, has been reached with the prophylactic use of rituximab more than one week before AB0 i LDLT. Unfortunately, no standardized treatment protocols are available. Each center treats its patients with its own scheme. Nevertheless, the transplant results are homogeneous. Due to refined treatment strategies, AB0 i LDLT is a feasible option today and almost free of severe complications. | Silke Rummler Astrid Bauschke Erik B?rthel Heike Jütte Katrin Maier Patrice Ziehm Christina Malessa Utz Settmacher | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，3： | 4 |
| 17 | The WRKY superfamily of plant transcription factors显示文摘 | Thomas Eulgem Paul J. Rushton Silke Robatzek Imre E. Somssich | 2000 | Trends in Plant Science2000，，5： | 4 |
| 18 | 桑蚕膨松丝及其针织产品的开发研究显示文摘介绍了桑蚕膨松丝的主要性能,利用这种新形质生丝开发真丝针织物新品种及工艺条件,对其织物性能与风格进行了测试和分析,从测试结果说明桑蚕膨松丝是一种品质优良,特别适用于真丝针织的丝绸新材料。 | Suzhou Institute of Silk Textiles Bulky Yarn Research Group | 1995 | 丝绸1995，32，11： | 4 |
| 19 | Integrated colloidal quantum dot photodetectors with color-tunable plasmonic nanofocusing lenses显示文摘High-sensitivity photodetection is at the heart of many optoelectronic applications,including spectroscopy,imaging,surveillance,remote sensing and medical diagnostics.Achieving the highest possible sensitivity for a given photodetector technology requires the development of ultra-small-footprint detectors,as the noise sources scale with the area of the detector.This must be accomplished while sacrificing neither the optically active area of the detector nor its responsivity.Currently,such designs are based on diffraction-limited approaches using optical lenses.Here,we employ a plasmonic flat-lens bull’s eye structure(BES)to concentrate and focus light into a nanoscale colloidal quantum dot(CQD)photodetector.The plasmonic lenses function as nanofocusing resonant structures that simultaneously offer color selectivity and enhanced sensitivity.Herein,we demonstrate the first CQD photodetector with a nanoscale footprint,the optically active area of which is determined by the BES;this detector represents an exciting opportunity for high-sensitivity sensing. | Silke L Diedenhofen Dominik Kufer Tania Lasanta Gerasimos Konstantatos | 2015 | Light(Science & Applications)2015，4，1： | 3 |
| 20 | Molecular Systematic Studies on Chinese Mandarina Silkworm (Bombyx mandarina M.) and Domestic Silkworm (Bombyx mori L.)显示文摘Molecular systematic studies on mandarina silkworm (Bombyx mandarina M. ) in 11 regions in China and 25 representative strains of domestic silkworm (Bombyx mori L. ) were conducted using molecular biology techniques. Results obtained from the analysis of DNA polymorphism and clustering of all the silkworm samples provide new evidence for the view that the domestic silkworm originated from the Chinese mandarina silkworm. On the basis of literature reviewing, a new hypothesis on the origin of the domestic silkworm was put forward. It was thought that the domestic silkworm was most probably domesticated from the Chinese mandarina silkworm of different ecotypes including monovoltinism, bivoitinism and multivoitinism; and that the domestic silkworm had the genetic background of monovoltinism, bivoltinism and multivoltinism at the very beginning of the domestication. The current strains of the domestic silkworm of different voltinism are the evolutionary results of thousands of years of rearing and artificial selections. | LU Cheng, YU Hong-shi and XIANG Zhong-huai( The Key Sericultural Laboratory of Agricultural Ministry, College of Silkworm and Silk engineering , Southwest Agricultural University, Chongqing 400716) | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，3： | 3 |
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