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| 1 | Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in cirrhotic patients who have hepatic and renal impairment with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).METHODS:We prospectively studied 120 cirrhotic patients with SBP and 80 cirrhotic patients with sterile ascitic fluid.They included 144 males and 56 females with ages ranging between 34 and 62 years.The diagnosis of cirrhosis was established by clinical and laboratory criteria that did not require histological confirmation.The severity of underlying liver disease was evaluated using Pugh's modification of Child's criteria(Child-Pugh scores).Ascitic fluid was sent to the laboratory for cell count,culture,sensitivity testing,and measurement of chemical elements(i.e.,albumin,glucose).Specimens were inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles.Serum and ascitic fluid were also collected in sterile tubes at study entry(before the initiation of antibiotic treatment) and 48 h later.Assays for TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and ascitic fluid were performed with an immunoenzymometric assay using manufacture's instructions.RESULTS:Cytokine levels in serum and ascitic fluid were significantly higher in the patients with SBP.(plasma TNF-α:135.35 ng/mL ± 11.21 ng/mL vs 92.86 ng/mL ± 17.56 ng/mL,P < 0.001;plasma IL-6:32.30 pg/mL ± 7.07 pg/mL vs 12.11 pg/mL ± 6.53 pg/mL,P < 0.001;ascitic fluid TNF-α:647.54 ± 107.11 ng/mL vs 238.43 ng/mL ± 65.42 ng/mL,P < 0.001);ascitic fluid IL-6:132.84 ng/mL ± 34.13 vs 40.41 ± 12.85 pg/mL,P < 0.001).About 48(40%) cirrhotic patients with SBP developed renal and hepatic impairment and showed significantly higher plasma and ascitic fluid cytokine levels at diagnosis of infection.[(plasma TNF-α:176.58 ± 17.84 vs 135.35 ± 11.21 ng/mL)(P < 0.001) and(IL-6:57.83 ± 7.85 vs 32.30 ± 7.07 pg/mL)(P < 0.001);ascitic fluid TNF-α:958.39 ± 135.72 vs 647.54 ± 107.11 ng/mL,(P < 0.001),ascitic fluid IL-6:654.74 ± 97.43 vs 132.84 ± 34.13 pg/mL,(P < 0.001)].Twenty nine patients(60.4%) with SBP and renal impairment died whereas,only four patients(5.55%) with SBP but without renal impairment died from gastrointestinal hemorrhage(P < 0.0005).CONCLUSION:It appears that TNF-α production may enhance liver cell injury and lead to renal impairment.This correlated well with the poor prognosis and significantly increased mortality associated with SBP in cirrhotic patients. | Muhammed AM Suliman Fawzy MH Khalil Salam SA Alkindi Anil V Pathare Ali AA Almadhani Neveen AAI Soliman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2012，3，5： | 39 |
| 2 | 电动牙刷与手动牙刷对口腔卫生的效果比较显示文摘目的对电动牙刷和手动牙刷在去除菌斑、维护牙龈健康、对色素和牙结石的作用、可靠性、不良作用和成本等进行比较.方法计算机检索Cochrane口腔健康协作组临床试验资料库(截至2004年6月17日)、Cochran临床对照试验中心资料库(Cochrane图书馆2004第2期)、MEDLINE(1966~2004)、EMBASE(1980~2004第2周)和CINAHL(1982~2004第2周),并与制造商联系以获取更多资料.根据下列标准纳入随机对照试验:随机分配研究对象;参加者为手运动无障碍的普通人群;干预措施为无监督的手动或电动牙刷刷牙,至少4周;主要结局指标为试验期间菌斑和牙龈炎的变化.由6个作者独立评价并纳入研究资料.用随机效应模型进行Meta分析,用标准化均数差(SMD)及其95%CI测量效果.检查可能的异质性来源,并针对研究质量和发表偏倚进行敏感性分析.为便于讨论,将SMD转换为百分率.结果对包含3 855例研究对象的42个试验进行系统评价,结果显示,旋转振动型电动牙刷去除菌斑和减低牙龈炎的效果在短期内明显优于手动牙刷,并在3个月以上的研究中显示降低了牙龈炎指数.在1~3个月的研究中,菌斑SMD为-0.43 [95%CI (-0.72, 0.14)],牙龈炎SMD为-0.62 [95%CI (-0.90, 0.34)],Quigley Hein菌斑指数降低11%,Loe and Silness龈炎指数降低6%.在3个月以上的研究中,菌斑指数SMD为-1.29 [95%CI (-2.67, 0.08)], 龈炎指数为-0.51 [95%CI (-1.76, 0.25)],Ainamo Bay探诊出血指数降低17%.短期研究之间有异质性,敏感性分析显示当选择高质量的研究时结果是肯定的,没有证据表明有发表偏倚.采取其他设计的电动牙刷并不比手动牙刷更优.对成本、可靠性和不良作用的报道不一致,已报道的不良作用都是局限的、暂时的.结论旋转振动型电动牙刷去除牙菌斑、减少牙龈炎的效果优于手动牙刷.遵守方法学指南和更标准化的设计有益于将来的研究和Meta分析. | Robinson PG Deacon SA Deery C Heanue M Walmsley AD Worthington HV Glenny AM Shaw WC 陈娥 史宗道 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，11： | 8 |
| 3 | 左心质量与脑磁共振成像和认知功能的关系显示文摘左心室质量(1eft ventricularmass,LVM)被证实可以作为长期暴露于数个危险因素下时造成的靶器官损害的评估标准。有关中年LVM和晚期认知表现之间联系的资料很少。纳入StrongHeart研究(SHS,1993—1995)及其附属的CDCAI(脑血管病及其对美国印第安人的影响)研究(2010—2013)中721名成年研究对象(平均基础年龄56岁),这些人群心血管病风险较高。 | 黄洁 叶鹏 Haring B Omidpanah A Suchy Dicey AM Best LG Verney SP Shibata DK Cole SA Ali T Howard BV Buchwald D Devereux RB | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，10： | 4 |
| 4 | Deoxyartemisinin de rivatives from photo oxygenation of anhydrodeoxydihydroartemisinin and their cytotoxic evaluation显示文摘 | Galal AM Ross SA ElSohly MA | 2002 | J Nat Prod2002，65，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Coxsackievirus B3 induces T regulatory cells, which inhibit cardiomyopathy in tumor necrosis factor-α transgenic mice显示文摘 | H uber SA Feldman AM Sartini D | 2006 | Circ Res2006，99，10： | 1 |
| 6 | Synthetic biology 显示文摘 | Benner SA Sismour AM | 2005 | Nat Rev Genet2005，6，7： | 1 |
| 7 | The importance of puberty for adolescent development: conceptualization and measurement显示文摘 | Berenbaum SA Beltz AM Corley R | 2015 | Adv Child Dev Behav2015，48，： | 1 |
| 8 | Comparative non- clinical assessments of the proposed biosimilar PF-05280586 and rituximab ( MabThera ) 显示文摘 | RYAN AM SOKOLOWSKI SA NG CK | 2014 | Toxicol Pathol2014，42，7： | 1 |
| 9 | Cortactin interacts with WIP in regulating Arp2/3 activation and membrane protrusion显示文摘 | Kinley AW Weed SA Weaver AM | 2003 | Curr Biol2003，13，5： | 1 |
| 10 | The spleen--a potential source of new islets for transplantation?显示文摘 | Robertson SA Rowan-Hull AM Johnson PR | 2008 | J Pediatr Surg2008，43，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Feasibility of cardiovascular magnetic resonance of angiographically diagnosed congenital solitary coronary artery fistulas in adults显示文摘 | Said SA Hofman MB Beck AM | 2007 | J Cardiovasc Magn Reson2007，9，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Retinopathy as a predictor of other diabetic complications显示文摘 | El-Asrar AM Al-Rubeaan KA Al-Amro SA | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Retinopathy as a predictor of other diabetic complications显示文摘 | El-Asrar AM Al-Rubeaan KA Al-Amro SA | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Resveratrol inhibits proliferation, angiogenesis and induces apoptosis in colon cancer cells: Calorie restriction is the force to the cytotoxicity显示文摘 | Fouad MA Agha AM Merzabani MM Al Shouman SA | 2013 | Human and Experimental Toxicology2013，，10： | 1 |
| 15 | A national cancer data base report on 53856 cases of thyroid carcinoma trea- tedin the US, 1985--1995 显示文摘 | Hundahl SA Fleming ID Fremgen AM | 1998 | Cancer1998，83，12： | 1 |
| 16 | Functional cortical neurons and astrocytes from human pluripotent stem cells in 3D cuhure显示文摘 | Pasca AM Sloan SA Clarke LE | 2015 | Nat Methods2015，12，7： | 1 |
| 17 | The role of cytokines in the initiation expansion, and control of cellular immunity to tuberculosis显示文摘 | Cooper AM Khaddar SA | 2008 | Immunol Rev2008，226，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Late traumatic dislocation of laser in situkeratomileusis corneal flaps显示文摘 | Melki SA Talamo JH Demetriades AM | 2000 | Ophthalmology2000，107，： | 1 |
| 19 | Gastrin-active participant or bystander in gastric carcinogenesis?显示文摘 | Watson SA Grabowska AM El-Zaatari M | 2006 | Nat Rev Cancer2006，6，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Targeted contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound显示文摘 | Morawski AM Lanza GA Wickline SA | 2005 | Current Opinion in Biotechology2005，16，： | 1 |
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