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| 1 | Molecular identification of hepatitis B virus genotypes/subgenotypes:Revised classification hurdles and updated resolutions显示文摘The clinical course of infections with the hepatitis B virus(HBV)substantially varies between individuals,as a consequence of a complex interplay between viral,host,environmental and other factors.Due to the high genetic variability of HBV,the virus can be categorized into different HBV genotypes and subgenotypes,which considerably differ with respect to geographical distribution,transmission routes,disease progression,responses to antiviral therapy or vaccination,and clinical outcome measures such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma.However,HBV(sub)genotyping has caused some controversies in the past due to misclassifications and incorrect interpretations of different genotyping methods.Thus,an accurate,holistic and dynamic classification system is essential.In this review article,we aimed at highlighting potential pitfalls in genetic and phylogenetic analyses of HBV and suggest novel terms for HBV classification.Analyzing fulllength genome sequences when classifying genotypes and subgenotypes is the foremost prerequisite of this classification system.Careful attention must be paid to all aspects of phylogenetic analysis,such as bootstrapping values and meeting the necessary thresholds for(sub)genotyping.Quasi-subgenotype refers to subgenotypes that were incorrectly suggested to be novel.As many of these strains were misclassified due to genetic differences resulting from recombination,we propose the term'recombino-subgenotype'.Moreover,immigration is an important confounding facet of global HBV distribution and substantially changes the geographic pattern of HBV(sub)genotypes.We therefore suggest the term'immigro-subgenotype'to distinguish exotic(sub)genotypes from native ones.We are strongly convinced that applying these two proposed terms in HBV classification will help harmonize this rapidly progressing field and allow for improved prophylaxis,diagnosis and treatment. | Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee Fuat Kurbanov Marc Van Ranst Frank Tacke | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，23： | 20 |
| 2 | Comparison of neurological clinical manifestation in patients with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke显示文摘BACKGROUND: Cerebrovascular accident(CVA) is the third leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. Anyone suspected of having a stroke should be taken immediately to a medical facility for diagnosis and treatment. The symptoms that follow a stroke aren't signi? cant and depend on the area of the brain that has been affected and the amount of tissue damaged. Parameters for predicting long-term outcome in such patients have not been clearly delineated, therefore the aim of this study was to investigate this possibility and to test a system that might practicably be used routinely to aid management and predict outcomes of individual stroke patients.METHODS: A descriptive hospital-based study of the neurological symptoms and signs of 503 patients with ischemic stroke, including severe headache, seizure, eye movement disorder, pupil size, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS), agitation were analyzed in this study.RESULTS: In the current study, dilated pupils, agitation, acute onset headache, lower GCS score, seizure, and eye gaze impairment had signi? cantly higher prevalence in hemorrhagic stroke patients(P<0.001). However, the rate of gradual progressive headache is significantly higher in ischemic stroke patients(P<0.001).CONCLUSION: Although this result provides reliable indicators for discrimination of stroke types, imaging studies are still the gold standard modality for diagnosis. | Seyedhossein Ojaghihaghighi Samad Shams Vahdati Akram Mikaeilpour Ali Ranlouz | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，1： | 17 |
| 3 | Energy-efficient Virtual Machine Allocation Technique Using Flower Pollination Algorithm in Cloud Datacenter:A Panacea to Green Computing显示文摘Cloud computing has attracted significant interest due to the increasing service demands from organizations offloading computationally intensive tasks to datacenters.Meanwhile,datacenter infrastructure comprises hardware resources that consume high amount of energy and give out carbon emissions at hazardous levels.In cloud datacenter,Virtual Machines(VMs)need to be allocated on various Physical Machines(PMs)in order to minimize resource wastage and increase energy efficiency.Resource allocation problem is NP-hard.Hence finding an exact solution is complicated especially for large-scale datacenters.In this con text,this paper proposes an Energy-oriented Flower Pollination Algorithm(E-FPA)for VM allocation in cloud datacenter environments.A system framework for the scheme was developed to enable energy-oriented allocation of various VMs on a PM.The allocation uses a strategy called Dynamic Switching Probability(DSP).The framework finds a near optimal solution quickly and balances the exploration of the global search and exploitation of the local search.It considers a processor,storage,and memory constraints of a PM while prioritizing energy-oriented allocation for a set of VMs.Simulations performed on MultiRecCloudSim utilizing planet workload show that the E-FPA outperforms the Genetic Algorithm for Power-Aware(GAPA)by 21.8%,Order of Exchange Migration(OEM)ant colony system by 21.5%,and First Fit Decreasing(FFD)by 24.9%.Therefore,E-FPA significantly improves datacenter performance and thus,enhances environmental sustainability. | Mohammed Joda Usman Abdul Samad Ismail Hassan Chizari Gaddafi Abdul-Salaam Ali Muhammad Usman Abdulsalam Yau Gital Omprakash Kaiwartya Ahmed Aliyu | 2019 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2019，16，2： | 13 |
| 4 | Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation of Rice: Constraints and Possible Solutions显示文摘Genetic transformation of rice(Oryza sativa L.) by introducing beneficial traits is now a central research instrument in plant physiology and a practical tool for plant improvement. Many approaches are verified for stable introduction of foreign genes into the plant genome. The review examined the different constraints that limit the success of rice genetic transformation via Agrobacterium-mediated approach and suggested possible solutions. Explant identification, gene transfer technique and construct to tailor the integration, transgene expression without collateral to genetic damage and transformant selection are among the technical challenges affecting the rice transformation. Despite the contests, Agrobacteriummediated transformation system has been a better option for producing transgenic rice varieties because of its exact T-DNA processing and simple integration of low copy-number transgene. This information is necessary for improving the transformation system for recalcitrant rice varieties. | Sulaiman MOHAMMED Azman Abd SAMAD Zaidah RAHMAT | 2019 | Rice science2019，26，3： | 6 |
| 5 | In vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum L.) extracts显示文摘Objective:To investigate in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Korean blueberry(Vaccinium corymbosum L.).Methods:Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the Korean blueberry water and ethanol extracts were determined before determining the potential of the extracts as antioxidant.Antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by following some well established methods for free radical scavenging such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate,1,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid),free radical induced DNA damage,superoxide dismutaselike and catalase assay etc.Furthermore,1-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-3,5-diphenylformazan and nitric oxide assay were performed to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the extracts.Results:Total phenolic contents were found(115.0±3.0) and(4.2±3.0) mg GAE/100 g fresh mass for both extracts,respectively and flavonoid contents were(1 942.8±7.0) and(1 292.1±6.0) mg CE/100 g fresh mass for water and ethonal extracts,respectively.Both the extracts displayed significant scavenging activity of some radicals such as 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl hydrate(IC_(50) at 1.8 mg/mL and 2.05 mg/mL,respectively),l,2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid)(IC_(50) at1.5 mg/mL and 1.6 mg/mL,respectively) and nitrite(IC_(50) at 1.7 mg/mL and 1.5 mg/mL,respectively)etc.The extracts were found to prevent inflammation as well by reducing nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity in cell.Conclusions:The findings suggest that the fresh Korean blueberry could be used as a source of natural antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents. | Nadira Binte Samad Trishna Debnath Michael Ye Md.Abul Hasnat Beong Ou Lim | 2014 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2014，4，10： | 6 |
| 6 | 二氧化钛纳米粒子催化合成Hantzsch酯和多氢喹啉衍生物(英文)显示文摘1,4-Dihydropyridine and polyhydroquinoline derivatives have been prepared efficiently in a one-pot synthesis via Hantzsch condensation using nanosized titanium dioxide as a heterogeneous catalyst.The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields,short reaction times (30-120 min),environmentally benign,and mild reaction conditions.The catalyst can be readily separated from the reaction products and recovered in excellent purity for direct reuse. | Mahmood TAJBAKHSH Ehsan ALAEE Heshmatollah ALINEZHAD Mohammad KHANIAN Fatemeh JAHANI Samad KHAKSAR Parizad REZAEE Mahgol TAJBAKHSH | 2012 | 催化学报2012，33，9： | 6 |
| 7 | A perspective on 3D bioprinting in tissue regeneration显示文摘 | Samad Ahadian Ali Khademhosseini | 2018 | Bio-Design and Manufacturing2018，1，3： | 6 |
| 8 | Comparison of Artificial Neural Networks,Geographically Weighted Regression and Cokriging Methods for Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Soil Macronutrients(N,P,and K)显示文摘Soil macronutrients(i.e. nitrogen(N), phosphorus(P), and potassium(K)) are important soils components and knowing the spatial distribution of these parameters are necessary at precision agriculture. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of different methods such as artificial neural networks(ANN) and two geostatistical methods(geographically weighted regression(GWR) and cokriging(CK)) to estimate N, P and K contents. For this purpose, soil samples were taken from topsoil(0–30 cm) at 106 points and analyzed for their chemical and physical parameters. These data were divided into calibration(n = 84) and validation(n = 22). Chemical and physical variables including clay, p H and organic carbon(OC) were used as auxiliary soil variables to estimate the N, P and K contents. Results showed that the ANN model(with coefficient of determination R^2 = 0.922 and root mean square error RMSE = 0.0079%) was more accurate compared to the CK model(with R^2 = 0.612 and RMSE = 0.0094%), and the GWR model(with R^2 = 0.872 and RMSE = 0.0089%) to estimate the N variable. The ANN model estimated the P with the RMSE of 3.630 ppm, which was respectively 28.93% and 20.00% less than the RMSE of 4.680 ppm and 4.357 ppm from the CK and GWR models. The estimated K by CK, GWR and ANN models have the RMSE of 76.794 ppm, 75.790 ppm and 52.484 ppm. Results indicated that the performance of the CK model for estimation of macro nutrients(N, P and K) was slightly lower than the GWR model. Also, the accuracy of the ANN model was higher than CK and GWR models, which proved to be more effective and reliable methods for estimating macro nutrients. | Samad EMAMGHOLIZADEH Shahin SHAHSAVANI Mohamad Amin ESLAMI | 2017 | Chinese Geographical Science2017，27，5： | 5 |
| 9 | Mesoporous silica rods with cone shaped pores modulate inflammation and deliver BMP-2 for bone regeneration显示文摘Biomaterials with suitable osteoimmunomodulation properties and ability to deliver osteoinductive biomolecules,such as bone morphogenetic proteins,are desired for bone regeneration.Herein,we report the development of mesoporous silica rods with large cone-shaped pores(MSR-CP)to load and deliver large protein drugs.It is noted that those cone-shaped pores on the surface modulated the immune response and reduced the pro-inflammatory reaction of stimulated macrophage.Furthermore,bone morphogenetic proteins 2(BMP-2)loaded MSR-CP facilitated osteogenic differentiation and promoted osteogenesis of bone marrow stromal cells.In vivo tests confirmed BMP-2 loaded MSR-CP improved the bone regeneration performance.This study provides a potential strategy for the design of drug delivery systems for bone regeneration. | Chun Xu Lan Xiao Yuxue Cao Yan He Chang Lei Yin Xiao Wujin Sun Samad Ahadian Xueting Zhou Ali Khademhosseini Qingsong Ye | 2020 | Nano Research2020，13，9： | 5 |
| 10 | Hepatitis B virus genotypes in southwest Iran: Molecular, serological and clinical outcomes显示文摘AIM: To investigate the associations of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype with HBeAg and anti-HBe status, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels and HBV-DNA detection in different groups of HBV-infected patients in southwest Iran. METHODS: A total of 89 HBsAg-positive serum samples were collected from the same number of patients. All sera were then investigated to determine HBV DNA and serological markers. For all the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples, biochemical, histopathological assays and genotyping were also performed. RESULTS: Genotype D was the only type of HBV foundin different clinical forms of acute and chronic infections. There was a high prevalence of HBeAg-negative HBV- infected patients with chronic hepatitis (52.7%). Out of 55 patients with chronic hepatitis, seven (12.7%) were diagnosed with cirrhosis. A significant association between the presence of anti-HBe antibody and an increase in ALT level, among either HBeAg-negative (P = 0.01) or HBeAg-positive (P = 0.026) patients, was demonstrated. No significant differences were observed between the clinical outcomes of HBeAg-positive and -negative individuals (P = 0.24). CONCLUSION: Genotype D has been recognized as the only type of HBV found in different clinical forms of HBV infections, including cirrhosis, among the residents of southwest Iran. Anti-HBe possibly plays a role in disease progression in some patients with chronic hepatitis, at least for a period of disease. | Anahita Mojiri Abbas Behzad-Behbahani Mehdei Saberifirozi Maryam Ardabili Mahmood Beheshti Marjan Rahsaz Mehrdad Banihashemi Negar Azarpira Bita Geramizadeh Baharak Khadang Afsaneh Moaddeb Mojgan Ghaedi Tahereh Heidari Ardeshir Torab Alireza Salah Saeid Amirzadeh Zahra Jowkar Davood Mehrabani Samad Amini-Bavil-Olyaee Mohammad Ali Dehyadegari | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，10： | 4 |
| 11 | Modeling of fluid-induced vibrations and identification of hydrodynamic forces on flow control valves显示文摘Dynamics and vibration of control valves under flow-induced vibration are analyzed. Hydrodynamic load characteristics and structural response under flow-induced vibration are mainly influenced by inertia, damping, elastic, geometric characteristics and hydraulic parameters. The purpose of this work is to investigate the dynamic behavior of control valves in the response to self-excited fluid flow. An analytical and numerical method is developed to simulate the dynamic and vibrational behavior of sliding dam valves, in response to flow excitation. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of proposed model, the simulation results are validated with experimental ones. Finally, to achieve the optimal valve geometry, numerical results for various shapes of valves are compared. Rounded valve with the least amount of flow turbulence obtains lower fluctuations and vibration amplitude compared with the flat and steep valves. Simulation results demonstrate that with the optimal design requirements of valves, vibration amplitude can be reduced by an average to 30%. | Samad Mehrzad Ilgar Javanshir Ahmad Rahbar Ranji Seyyed Hadi Taheri | 2015 | Journal of Central South University2015，22，7： | 3 |
| 12 | 乳酸菌对肉鸡生长性能、死亡率和屠宰率的影响显示文摘为了研究不同水平下乳酸菌(嗜酸乳杆菌、干酪乳杆菌、双歧杆菌、粪链球菌)对肉鸡的影响,选取1日龄肉鸡576羽,采取完全区组设计(CRD)将肉鸡随机分成四组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮上,分别每吨添加600g、800g、1000g乳酸菌,试验期间对采食量、增重等进行统计,试验结束时进行屠宰试验。研究表明,不同水平乳酸菌对试验全期肉鸡采食量和增重影响差异显著(P<0.05),各组之间末重差异极显著(P<0.01),胸肌率差异显著(P<0.05),公鸡与母鸡相比,饲料采食量、增重、屠宰率、胴体率、腿肌率和肝重之间差异显著(P<0.05),末重差异极显著(P<0.01)。本研究结果还显示,与对照组相比,乳酸菌处理组的死亡率大幅下降(P<0.05)。结论:乳酸菌对肉鸡的生产性能有明显的改善,根据本试验的结果,推荐每吨饲料添加800g乳酸菌。 | Samad Zamanzad-Ghavidel 赵剑闯(译) 周勃(校) | 2011 | 饲料与畜牧(新饲料)2011，，8： | 3 |
| 13 | Additive QTLs on three chromosomes control flowering time in woodland strawberry(Fragaria vesca L.)显示文摘Flowering time is an important trait that affects survival,reproduction and yield in both wild and cultivated plants.Therefore,many studies have focused on the identification of flowering time quantitative trait locus(QTLs)in different crops,and molecular control of this trait has been extensively investigated in model species.Here we report the mapping of QTLs for flowering time and vegetative traits in a large woodland strawberry mapping population that was phenotyped both under field conditions and in a greenhouse after flower induction in the field.The greenhouse experiment revealed additive QTLs in three linkage groups(LG),two on both LG4 and LG7,and one on LG6 that explain about half of the flowering time variance in the population.Three of the QTLs were newly identified in this study,and one co-localized with the previously characterized FvTFL1 gene.An additional strong QTL corresponding to previously mapped PFRU was detected in both field and greenhouse experiments indicating that gene(s)in this locus can control the timing of flowering in different environments in addition to the duration of flowering and axillary bud differentiation to runners and branch crowns.Several putative flowering time genes were identified in these QTL regions that await functional validation.Our results indicate that a few major QTLs may control flowering time and axillary bud differentiation in strawberries.We suggest that the identification of causal genes in the diploid strawberry may enable fine tuning of flowering time and vegetative growth in the closely related octoploid cultivated strawberry. | Samia Samad Takeshi Kurokura Elli Koskela Tuomas Toivainen Vipul Patel Katriina Mouhu Daniel James Sargent Timo Hytönen | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Supramolecular synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidine-2(1H)-one/thiones under neat conditions显示文摘有效溶剂为各种各样的 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2 (1H ) 的合成的免费方法在把 sulfonated -cyclodextrine 用作 recyclable 催化剂的优秀收益的 -one/thiones 被描述。Sulfonated -cyclodextrine 被发现有效,异构的催化剂和显示出的率改进,高收益和短反应在这转变预定的 recyclable。 | Sekineh Asghari Mahmood Tajbakhsh Behnam Jafarzadeh Kenari Samad Khaksar | 2011 | Chinese Chemical Letters2011，22，2： | 3 |
| 15 | Predictive car-following scheme for improving traffic flows on urban road networks显示文摘Driving behavior is one of the main reasons that causes bottleneck on the freeway or restricts the capacity of signalized intersections.This paper proposes a car-following scheme in a model predictive control(MPC)framework to improve the traffic flow behavior,particularly in stopping and speeding up of individual vehicles in dense urban traffic under a connected vehicle(CV)environment.Using information received through vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)communication,the scheme predicts the future states of the preceding vehicle and computes the control input by solving a constrained optimization problem considering a finite future horizon.The objective function is to minimize the weighted costs due to speed deviation,control input,and unsafe gaps.The scheme shares the planned driving information with the following vehicles so that they can make better cooperative driving decision.The proposed car-following scheme is simulated in a typical driving scenario with multiple vehicles in dense traffic that has to stop at red signals in multiple intersections.The speeding up or queue clearing and stopping characteristics of the traffic using the proposed scheme is compared with the existing car-following scheme through numerical simulation. | A.S.M.BAKIBILLAH Mahmudul HASAN Md Mustafijur RAHMAN Md Abdus Samad KAMAL | 2019 | Control Theory and Technology2019，17，4： | 3 |
| 16 | Pericyst: The outermost layer of hydatid cyst显示文摘Hydatid disease,caused by the parasite Echinococcus granulosus,mostly affects the liver and the lungs with hydatid cysts which consist of three layers:(1)the outer pericyst;(2)the middle laminated membrane;and(3)the inner germinal layer.Pericyst,as the outermost layer of the hydatid cyst,is made by host cells encasing the hydatid cyst.An extremely close interaction exists between this host tissue and the parasite,and any degenerative changes of the pericyst would result in hydatid cyst degeneration or rupture.The pericyst plays an undeniably important role in the development and survival of the hydatid cyst. | Samad EJ Golzari Mohsen Sokouti | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，5： | 2 |
| 17 | Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of Urmia Salt Lake显示文摘 | Samad Alipour | 2006 | Chinese Journal Of Geochemistry2006，25，B08： | 2 |
| 18 | Smart scaffolds in tissue regeneration显示文摘Recent advances in biofabrication technologies and chemical synthesis approaches have enabled the fabrication of smart scaffolds that aim to mimic the dynamic nature of the native extracellular matrix.These scaffolds have paved the way for tissue regeneration in a dynamic and controllablemanner. | Samad Ahadian Ali Khademhosseini | 2018 | Regenerative Biomaterials2018，5，3： | 2 |
| 19 | Geology and Mineral Chemistry of Gold Mineralization in Mirge-Naqshineh Occurrence(Saqez,NW Iran):Implications for Transportation and Precipitation of Gold显示文摘The Mirge-Naqshineh gold district is situated at northwest of Iran with a NW-trending brittleductile shear zone. It is hosted by Precambrian meta-sedimentary and meta-volcanic units traversed by mineralized quartz veins. In terms of cross-cutting relationships and sulfide content three types of quartz veins are identified in the region. Among those, parallel to bedding quartz vein(type Ⅰ) is the main host for gold mineralization. Gold is found in three different forms: 1) submicrometer-size inclusions of gold in arsenian pyrite, 2) as electrum and 3) in the crystal lattice of sulfides(pyrite, galena and chalcopyrite). Six types of pyrite(Py1-Py6) were identified in this ore reserve. Py3 coexists with arsenopyrite and contains the greatest As-Au concentrations. There is a negative correlation between the As and S contents in Py2 and Py3, implying the substitution of sulfur by arsenic. Pyrites and mineralized quartz veins were formed via metamorphic-hydrothermal fluid and reflect the gold-transportation as Au(HS)_2^- under reducing and acidic conditions. The gold precipitation mainly controlled by crystallization of arsenian pyrite during fluid/rock interactions and variation of fO_2. The volcanic host rock has played an important role in gold concentration, as Py3 in this rock contains inclusion of gold particles, but gold is within the lattice of pyrite in phyllite or other units. | Golale ASGHARI Samad ALIPOUR Hossein AZIZI Hassan MIRNEJAD | 2018 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2018，92，1： | 2 |
| 20 | Experimental study of the velocity of density currents in convergent and divergent channels显示文摘The head velocity of the density current in the convergent and divergent channel is a key parameter for evaluating the extent to which suspended material travels,and for determining the type and distribution of sediment in the water body.This study experimentally evaluated the effects of the reach degree of convergence and divergence on the head velocity of the density current.Experiments were conducted in the flume with 6.0 m long,0.72 m width and 0.6 m height.The head velocity was measured at three convergent degrees(-8°;-12°;-26°),at three divergent degrees(8°;12°;26°) and two slopes(0.009,0.016) for various discharges.The measured head velocity of the density current is compared with the head velocity of the density current in the constant cross section channel.Based on non-dimensional and statistical analysis,relations as linear multiple regression are offered for predicting head velocity of the density current in the convergent,divergent and constant cross section channel.Also the results of this research show that for the same slope and discharge,the head velocity of the density current in the convergent and divergent channel are greater and less than the head velocity of the constant cross section,respectively. | Hasan Torabi POUDEH Samad EMAMGHOLIZADEH Manoocher Fathi-MOGHADAM | 2014 | International Journal of Sediment Research2014，29，4： | 2 |
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