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185篇 您的检索式:作者名="STEWART WILLIAMS"
    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1暗娼人群STD/AIDS危险行为 认知状况及求医现状分析显示文摘目的 了解影响暗娼性传播疾病 /艾滋病 (STD/AIDS)流行的行为危险因素、认知状况和防治需求 ,为建立可行的预防、治疗和关怀护理模式 ,制定相关政策和资源分配提供依据。方法 采用小组访谈、个人深入访谈以及流行病学问卷等方法 ,对试点省 (四川、云南省 )暗娼人群STD/AIDS相关的行为、认知状况和求医现状进行调查和访问。结果 两试点省暗娼人群对STD/AIDS相关知识认识不全面 ;性交易时预防性病的措施不正确 ,安全套使用率低 ;患性病时常到个体诊所进行不正规治疗。结论 暗娼人群对STD/AIDS高危行为的认识和预防措施有待提高 ,求医方式需加以正确的引导 ,建立相应的社会支持系统是暗娼性健康教育之关键。陈虹 程峰 栾荣生 胡虹 张灵麟 张建新 万绍平 张勇 程何荷 杨志伟 William Stewart 沈洁 2003中国艾滋病性病2003,9,6:50
2暗娼安全套使用及其影响因素的研究显示文摘目的 了解四川和云南两省暗娼安全套使用情况及其影响因素。方法 通过社会学小组座谈、个人深入访谈和流行病学横断面问卷调查 ,收集暗娼的社会背景、性病艾滋病知识、性行为特点和安全套使用情况等资料。结果 商业性性行为中大多数暗娼不能坚持每次使用安全套 ;影响安全套使用的因素主要是 :嫖客不愿使用、经济原因和安全套不易获得 ;流行病学调查发现避孕措施也是影响安全套使用的因素 (OR =7 62 3 ,95%CI3 83 2~15 165)。结论 四川和云南两省暗娼安全套使用频率较低 。程峰 陈虹 栾荣生 张灵麟 胡虹 张建新 万绍平 杨志伟 William Stewart 沈洁 2004中国公共卫生2004,20,1:37
3暗娼人群生存状况的定性调查显示文摘目的 了解暗娼人群的生存状况 ,为实施有效的性病艾滋病干预措施提供依据。方法 采用小组访谈和个人深入访谈相结合 ,逐步深入的社会学调查方法 ,在四川和云南省的 6个地区分别抽取 90名和 91名暗娼进行小组访谈 ,抽取 13 5和 156名暗娼进行个人深入访谈。结果 暗娼年龄多在 18~ 3 0岁之间 ,以初中文化为主 ,多数未婚 ,来自外地 ;暗娼人群社会经济地位普遍较低 ,最关心和最常谈论的话题是如何挣钱 ,如何穿着打扮及玩耍等 ;暗娼之间很少有交流待客经验和交流使用安全套经验及防病知识的情况 ;性行为的主要方式是阴道交 ,很少有人每次性行为都坚持使用安全套 ,暗娼对性病艾滋病的预防方法还存在错误认识 ;暗娼中存在吸毒行为 ,其中多数 (4/ 5)与他人共用注射器吸毒的行为。结论 在性病艾滋病健康教育工作中 ,应把文化较低的外来打工妹和无业闲杂人员作为干预重点 ;在向暗娼人群灌输正确性病艾滋病预防知识的同时 。陈虹 程峰 栾荣生 胡虹 张灵麟 万绍平 杨志伟 William stewart 沈洁 2003中国公共卫生2003,19,12:11
4云南和四川部分地区吸毒人群的性病艾滋病防治需求评估的定性研究显示文摘目的 :了解目标地区吸毒人群的性病艾滋病防治需求 ,为制定符合当地的有效干预措施提供科学依据和建议。方法 :2 0 0 1年 3月 - 2 0 0 2年 4月 ,采用《性健康需求评估》实施方案中的定性访谈方法 ,分别在云南、四川选取大、中、小 6个试点地区 ,对当地吸毒人群进行深入访谈。每个地区分别对 5名市 /县 /区 /社区公安部门的关键人物进行定性访谈 ,每个点对 10名吸毒者的家庭成员进行个别访谈。结果 :(1)两省部分地区的吸毒者绝大部分使用的毒品为海洛因 ,其中有相当一部分人合并多药滥用 ,大城市较中、小城市严重 ;(2 )在注射毒品者中普遍存在共用注射器的状况。但不同地区共用注射器的比例有所不同 ;(3)注射器来源主要是私人诊所和药店 ;(4 )相当数量的注射毒品者不知道如何正确消毒注射器 ;(5 )不同地区的吸毒者均有不同程度的不安全性行为 ;(6 )社会歧视和耻辱感是导致戒毒后复吸率高的重要因素之一 ,也是阻碍开展降低危害工作的重要社会文化因素。结论 :通过开展针对目标人群的性健康需求评估 ,可为当地开展有针对性的干预工作提供方向、方法以及接触目标人群的方法与途径。性健康需求评估为研究与干预搭建桥梁。陈虹 程峰 李建华 张灵麟 胡虹 张建新 程何荷 万绍平 张勇 杨志伟 William Stewart 沈洁 2004中国药物依赖性杂志2004,13,2:9
5两种单氟磷酸钠牙膏预防乳牙龋病的2年临床研究显示文摘目的 :比较含氟浓度为 78.95 mmol/L (15 0 0 ppm)、磨料分别为碳酸钙及二氧化硅的二种单氟磷酸钠牙膏对儿童乳牙的临床防龋效果。方法 :采用随机双盲对照法 ,对四川省成都市 12 0 0名 4岁儿童进行了为期 2年的追踪研究。受试儿童被分为 3组 ,第 l组为含氟浓度 78.95 mmol/L、磨料为二氧化硅的单氟磷酸钠牙膏(MFP/Si O2 ) ,第 2组为含氟浓度 78.95 mmol/L、磨料为碳酸钙的单氟磷酸钠牙膏 (MFP/Ca CO3) ,第 3组为对照组 ,使用不含氟的碳酸钙牙膏。分析指标为乳牙龋面均 (dfs)增长数。结果 :998名儿童完成 2年的临床观察 ,1基线检查 3组的龋面均无显著性差异 ;2 l年后的龋面均增长数 :MFP/Si O2 组为 1.6 9± 3.12 ,MFP/Ca CO3组为1.5 3± 3.0 9,与对照组 2 .19± 4.12比较分别下降 30 .1%和 2 2 .8% ;3 2年后 MFP/Si O2 组和 MFP/Ca CO3组的龋面均增长数为 2 .98± 4.42及 2 .75± 4.33,与对照组 4.73± 5 .17比较分别下降 37%和 41.9% ,差异有显著性 ,两试验组之间统计学的差异无显著性。结论 :使用含 78.95 mmol/L氟浓度 ,磨料为二氧化硅或碳酸钙的单氟磷酸钠牙膏均有明显防龋效果 ,只要严格控制含氟牙膏的用量和加强管理 ,对发病率高的幼儿乳牙 ,不失为一种值得推广的安全而有效的防龋措施。范旭 万呼春 胡德渝 Yun PoZhang Bernal Stewart James McCool Margaret Petrone William De Vizio Anthony Volpe 2001实用口腔医学杂志2001,17,6:8
6个人深入访谈法在性健康需求评估中的应用显示文摘目的 探讨个人深入访谈法在性健康需求评估 (SASH)中的应用。方法 采用个人深入访谈法对绵阳市涪城区暗娼的性病艾滋病防治需求及其影响因素进行调查。结果 个人深入访谈法分为访谈前准备阶段、正式访谈阶段和资料分析阶段。在资料分析阶段 ,结合调查资料的实际情况 ,建立了一套标准的资料分析模式。结论 在SASH中应用个人深入访谈法可以获得真实和更完全的信息 ,与流行病学调查结果相辅相成。对访谈资料建立标准的分析模式可增强结论的说服力。程峰 陈虹 栾荣生 张灵麟 张建新 胡虹 William Stewart 沈洁 2004中国艾滋病性病2004,10,6:7
7The Changing Cold Regions Network:Observation,diagnosis and prediction of environmental change in the Saskatchewan and Mackenzie River Basins,Canada显示文摘Climate change is causing rapid and severe changes to many Earth systems and processes,with widespread cryospheric,ecological,and hydrological impacts globally,and especially in high northern latitudes.This is of major societal concern and there is an urgent need for improved understanding and predictive tools for environmental management.The Changing Cold Regions Network(CCRN)is a Canadian research consortium with a focus to integrate existing and new experimental data with modelling and remote sensing products to understand,diagnose,and predict changing land,water,and climate,and their interactions and feedbacks over the geographic domain of the Mackenzie and Saskatchewan River Basins in Canada.The network operates a set of 14 unique and focused Water,Ecosystem,Cryosphere and Climate(WECC)observatories within this region,which provide opportunities to observe and understand processes and their interaction,as well as develop and test numerical simulation models,and provide validation data for remote sensing products.This paper describes this network and its observational,experimental,and modelling programme.An overview of many of the recent Earth system changes observed across the study region is provided,and some local insights from WECC observatories that may partly explain regional patterns and trends are described.Several of the model products being developed are discussed,and linkages with the local to international user community are reviewed—In particular,the use of WECC data towards model and remote sensing product calibration and validation is highlighted.Some future activities and prospects for the network are also presented at the end of the paper.Chris M DEBEER Howard S WHEATER William L QUINTON Sean K CAREY Ronald E STEWART Murray D MACKAY Philip MARSH 2015Science China Earth Sciences2015,58,1:5
8Evidence Suggesting That a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status While Reducing Hospitalization: A Randomized Trial显示文摘Kate R. Lorig David S. Sobel Anita L. Stewart Byron William Brown Albert Bandura Philip Ritter Virginia M. Gonzalez Diana D. Laurent Halsted R. Holman 1999Medical Care1999,,1:4
9Malaria: Global progress 2000-2015 and future challenges显示文摘Background:2015 was the target year for malaria goals set by the World Health Assembly and other international institutions to reduce malaria incidence and mortality.A review of progress indicates that malaria programme financing and coverage have been transformed since the beginning of the millennium,and have contributed to substantial reductions in the burden of disease.Findings:Investments in malaria programmes increased by more than 2.5 times between 2005 and 2014 from US$960 million to US$2.5 billion,allowing an expansion in malaria prevention,diagnostic testing and treatment programmes.In 2015 more than half of the population of sub-Saharan Africa slept under insecticide-treated mosquito nets,compared to just 2%in 2000.Increased availability of rapid diagnostic tests and antimalarial medicines has allowed many more people to access timely and appropriate treatment.Malaria incidence rates have decreased by 37%globally and mortality rates by 60%since 2000.It is estimated that 70%of the reductions in numbers of cases in sub-Saharan Africa can be attributed to malaria interventions.Conclusions:Reductions in malaria incidence and mortality rates have been made in every WHO region and almost every country.However,decreases in malaria case incidence and mortality rates were slowest in countries that had the largest numbers of malaria cases and deaths in 2000;reductions in incidence need to be greatly accelerated in these countries to achieve future malaria targets.Progress is made challenging because malaria is concentrated in countries and areas with the least resourced health systems and the least ability to pay for system improvements.Malaria interventions are nevertheless highly cost-effective and have not only led to significant reductions in the incidence of the disease but are estimated to have saved about US$900 million in malaria case management costs to public providers in sub-Saharan Africa between 2000 and 2014.Investments in malaria programmes can not only reduce malaria morbidity and mortality,thereby contributing to the health targets of the Sustainable Development Goals,but they can also transform the well-being and livelihood of some of the poorest communities across the globe.Richard E.Cibulskis Pedro Alonso John Aponte Maru Aregawi Amy Barrette Laurent Bergeron Cristin A.Fergus Tessa Knox Michael Lynch Edith Patouillard Silvia Schwarte Saira Stewart Ryan Williams 2016Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016,5,1:4
10小组访谈法在性健康需求评估中的应用显示文摘目的探讨小组访谈法在性健康需求评估(SASH)中的应用。方法在四川、云南省的6个地区开展的SASH中运用小组访谈法,获得这些地区可能存在的性病艾滋病防治需求情况及其影响因素。结果改进和规范了小组访谈法在SASH中的实际应用。结论在SASH中引入并改进小组访谈法进行调查可以获得较为真实、完善的信息;对访谈资料建立统一标准的分析模式可增强结论的说服力。程峰 陈虹 栾荣生 张灵麟 张建新 William Stewart 沈洁 2005中国艾滋病性病2005,11,1:4
11Evidence Suggesting That a Chronic Disease Self-Management Program Can Improve Health Status While Reducing Hospitalization: A Randomized Trial显示文摘Kate R. Lorig David S. Sobel Anita L. Stewart Byron William Brown Albert Bandura Philip Ritter Virginia M. Gonzalez Diana D. Laurent Halsted R. Holman 1999Medical Care1999,,1:2
12Institute of laboratory animal resources:histological typing of liver tumors of the rat显示文摘Stewart H L William G Keysser C H 1980J Natl Cancer Inst1980,64,:1
13The effect of nonylphenol on daphnia显示文摘 Williams TD Stewart KM 1993Water Res1993,27,:1
14Reduction of chromium (VI) at sub-μg 1-1 levels by fulvic acid 显示文摘ECKERT J M STEWART J J WAITE T D SZYMCZAK R WILLIAMS K L 1990Analytica Chimica Acta1990,236,:1
15Time course of 'warm-up' in stable angina显示文摘Stewart RAH Simmonds MB Williams MJA 1995Am J Cardiol1995,76,1:1
16Is eczema really on the increase worldwide?显示文摘Williams H Stewart A 2008J Allergy Clin Immunol2008,121,94:1
17Long-term effects of fertilizer and water availability on cereal yield and soil chemical properties in northwest China显示文摘Fan T L Stewart B A William A P 2005Soil Science Society of America Journal2005,69,:1
18Total assignment of ^13 C and ^1H spectra of three isomeric triterpenol derivatives by 2DNMR : An investigation of the potential utility of ^1H chemical shifts in structural investigations of complex natural products显示文摘William F R Stewart M Janusz P 1986Tetrahedron1986,42,13:1
19Electrochemical noise measurements of stress corrosion cracking of sensitised austenitic stainless steel in high-purity oxygenated water at 288 °C显示文摘STEWART J WELLS D B SCOTT P M WILLIAMS D E 1992Corros Sci1992,33,1:1
20Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation using radiofrequency energy 显示文摘Williams MR Stewart JR Bolling SF 2001Ann Thorac Surg2001,71,6:1
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