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| 1 | Hepatic encephalopathy:An approach to its multiple pathophysiological features显示文摘Hepatic encephalopathy(HE)is a neuropsychiatric complex syndrome,ranging from subtle behavioral abnormalities to deep coma and death.Hepatic encephalopathy emerges as the major complication of acute or chronic liver failure.Multiplicity of factors are involved in its pathophysiology,such as central and neuromuscular neurotransmission disorder,alterations in sleep patterns and cognition,changes in energy metabolism leading to cell injury,an oxidative/nitrosative state and a neuroinflammatory condition.Moreover,in acute HE,a condition of imminent threat of death is present due to a deleterious astrocyte swelling.In chronic HE,changes in calcium signaling,mitochondrial membrane potential and long term potential expression,N-methyl-D-aspartate-cGMP and peripheral benzodiazepine receptors alterations,and changes in the mRNA and protein expression and redistribution in the cerebral blood flow can be observed.The main molecule indicated as responsible for all these changes in HE is ammonia.There is no doubt that ammonia,a neurotoxic molecule,triggers or at least facilitates most of these changes.Ammonia plasma levels are increased two-to three-fold in patients with mild to moderate cirrhotic HE and up to ten-fold in patients with acute liver failure. Hepatic and inter-organ trafficking of ammonia and its metabolite,glutamine(GLN),lead to hyperammonemic conditions.Removal of hepatic ammonia is a differentiated work that includes the hepatocyte,through the urea cycle,converting ammonia into GLN via glutamine synthetase.Under pathological conditions,such as liver damage or liver blood bypass,the ammonia plasma level starts to rise and the risk of HE developing is high. Knowledge of the pathophysiology of HE is rapidly expanding and identification of focally localized triggers has led the development of new possibilities for HE to be considered.This editorial will focus on issues where, to the best of our knowledge,more research is needed in order to clarify,at least partially,controversial topics. | Juan Carlos Perazzo Silvina Tallis Amalia Delfante Pablo Andrés Souto Abraham Lemberg Francisco Xavier Eizayaga Salvador Romay | 2012 | World Journal of Hepatology2012，4，3： | 16 |
| 2 | On the existence and con- centration behaviour of ground state solutions for a class of problems with critical growth 显示文摘 | Alves C O Souto M A S | 2002 | Comm Pure Appl Anal2002，3，： | 1 |
| 3 | The role of antibiotic prophylaxis on wound infection after mesh hernia repair under local anesthesia on an ambulatory basis显示文摘 | Angel Celdrán Octavio Frieyro Juan C. Pinta José L. Souto Jaime Esteban José M. Rubio José F. Se?arís | 2004 | Hernia2004，，1： | 1 |
| 4 | On systems of elliptic equations involving subcritical or critical Sobolev exponents显示文摘 | Alves C O Filho D C de M Souto M A S | 2000 | Nonlinear Analysis2000，42，： | 1 |
| 5 | A Pre-regularization Scheme for the Reconstruction of a Spatial Dependent Scattering Albedo Using a Hybrid Ant Colony Optimization Implementation显示文摘 | Stephany S Becceneri J C Souto R P | 2010 | Applied Mathematical Modelling2010，34，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Development of a controlled release formulation based on SLN and NLC for topical clotrimazole delivery 显示文摘 | SOUTO E B WISSING S A BARBOSA C M | 2004 | Int J Pharm2004，278，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Prospective and randomized comparison of electrical stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve versusoxybutynin versus their combination for treatment of women with overactive bladder syndrome显示文摘 | Souto S C Reis L O Palma T | 2014 | World J Urol2014，32，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Spectrophoto- metric flow system using vanadomolybdophosphate detection chemistry and a liquid waveguide capillary cell for the determination of phosphate with improved sensitivity in surface and ground water samples显示文摘 | Neves M S A C Souto M R S | 2008 | Talanta2008，77，： | 1 |
| 9 | Superlinear problems without Ambrosetti and Rabinowitz growth condition显示文摘 | MIYAGAKI O H SOUTO M A S | 2008 | Journal of Dif- ferential Equations2008，245，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Redispersible liposomal-N-acetylcysteine powder for pulmonary administration: development, in vitro characterization and antioxidant activity 显示文摘 | Ourique AF Chaves Pdos S Souto GD | 2014 | Eur J Pharm Sci2014，65，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Evaluation of the physical stability of SLN and NLC before and after incor-poration into hydrogel formulations 显示文摘 | Souto E B Wissing S A Barbosa C M | 2004 | Eur J Pharm Biopharm2004，58，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Interleukin-33 attenuates sepsis by enhancing neutrophil influx to the site of infection显示文摘 | Alves-Filho JC S? nego F Souto FO | 2010 | Nat med2010，16，6： | 1 |
| 13 | SECM imaging of interfacial processes in defective organic coatings applied on me- tallic substrates using oxygen as redox mediator 显示文摘 | Souto R M Femndez-M6rida L Oonzlez S | 2009 | Electroanal2009，21，24： | 1 |
| 14 | Impact of Lipodystophy on the prevalence and components of metabolic syndrome in HIV-in- fected patients 显示文摘 | Freitas P Carvalho D Souto S | 2011 | BMC Infect Dis2011，11，： | 1 |
| 15 | On systems of elliptic equations involving subcritical or critical Sobolev exponents 显示文摘 | Alves C O de Morais Filho D C Souto M A S | 2000 | Nonlinear Analysis2000，42，： | 1 |
| 16 | Electrochemical and structural properties of a polyurethane coating on steel substrates for corrosion protection 显示文摘 | Gonztilez- Garcia Y Gonzalez S Souto R M | 2007 | Corros Sci2007，49，： | 1 |
| 17 | A wire-less floating base sensor network for physiological responses of live-stock显示文摘 | DE SOUSA SILVA A C ARCE A I C SOUTO S | 2005 | Computers and Electronics in Agriculture2005，49，： | 1 |
| 18 | Comparative EIS study of different Zn-based interme- diate metallic layers in coil-coated steels显示文摘 | Souto R M Fernandez-Merida L Gonzalez S | 2006 | Corro- sion Science2006，48，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Systems of p-Laplacean equations involving homogeneous nonlinearities with critical Sobolev exponent degrees显示文摘 | Morais F D C Souto M A S | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | A comparative study of the utility of two superdisintegrants in microcrystalline cellulose pellets prepared by extrusion-spheronization 显示文摘 | SOUTO C RODRIGUEZ A PARAJES S | 2005 | Eur J Pharm Biopharm2005，61，12： | 1 |
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