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1Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modelling of granular surface flow in rotating drums显示文摘Numerical simulations of granular flows in rotating drums operated at medium to high rates (Fr=0.1― 0.2) have been carried out by using a Molecular Dynamics (MD) algorithm that incorporates inelastic particle interactions, sliding friction and rolling friction. The results indicate that the behavior of granular flow in rotating drums can be classified into two distinct zones: a shear active layer at the bed surface and a quasi-static plug flow region adjacent to the wall. The residence time of a tracer particle in the active layer is approximately a third or a half of that in the plug flow region. The thickness of the active layer at mid-chord is about 0.57―0.61 times that of the plug flow region. It is found that all cases simulated in this work are in the rolling-cascading intermediate regime instead of the pure rolling re-gime. The simulated tangential velocity at the mid-chord is also compared with experimental results reported in the literature and good agreement has been obtained. Based on the MD simulations and experimental results, a continuum approach has also been developed. It is shown that the behavior of granular solids in the plug flow region experiences plastic deformation along the radial direction from the wall with the velocity profiles well described by an exponential function, whereas the active layer velocity follows a simple expression for the Couette shear flow. Discussion has also been made on the granular temperature and concentration profiles.LI ShuiQing YAO Qiang CHEN Bing ZHANG Xuan DING Y L 2007Chinese Science Bulletin2007,52,5:3
2Fine particulate formation and ash deposition during pulverized coal combustion of high-sodium lignite in a down-fired furnace显示文摘GENGDA L SHUIQING L QIAN H QIANG Y 2015Fuel2015,143,:1
3Effect of intracranial hypertension on cerebral hemorrhage induced autonomic nerve imbalance显示文摘BACKGROUND: Cerebral hemorrhage can cause the imbalance of nerve function, whereas its mechanism and main impact factors are still not quite clear. OBJECTIVE: To explore the rules about the changes of intracranial pressure in brainstem hemorrhage and internal capsule hemorrhage, and analyze the role of intracranial hypertension in the changes of nerve function caused by cerebral hemorrhage. DESIGN: A self-controlled trial. SETTING: Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University. MATERIALS: Sixty-five healthy male Japanese white rabbits with long ears (1.5–1.8 kg) were supplied and fed by the Department of Animal Experiment of Tianjin Medical University. The RM6240B biological signal collecting and processing system was used. METHODS: The experiments were conducted in the Department of Physiology, Tianjin Medical University from August 2001 to May 2006. ① The rabbits were anesthetized, then fixed onto the brain stereotaxic apparatus, and afterwards fenestration on skull and intubation to lateral ventricle were performed.The dynamic changes of intracranial pressure were monitored continuously. Rabbits were infused with autologous arterial blood (0.3 mL) into midbrain corpora quadrigemina inferior colliculus to induce model of acute brainstem hemorrhage; models of internal capsule hemorrhage were established by infusing autologous arterial blood into internal capsule. ② The dynamic intracranial pressures under the above conditions were recorded continuously with the RM6240B biological signal collecting and processing system. ③ An animal model of persistent intracranial hypertension was established by infusion of physiologic saline into lateral ventricle. ④ The changes of the intensity of autonomic nerve discharge were analyzed, using the biological signal collecting and processing system before and after hemorrhage and under persistent intracranial hypertension. ⑤ Ten animal models of internal capsule hemorrhage and 10 of brainstem hemorrhage were selected respectively, then gross pathological samples were cut open, and the accuracy of hemorrhage models was affirmed. Histological sections in hemorrhage point and around this point were prepared for with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the pathological changes were observed under light microscope. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Changes of intracranial pressures before and after internal capsule hemorrhage and brainstem hemorrhage; ② Changes of the discharge intensity of cervical vagus nerve trunk in animal models of internal capsule hemorrhage, brainstem hemorrhage and persistent intracranial hypertension without hemorrhage; ③ Accuracy of location of internal capsule hemorrhage and brainstem hemorrhage confirmed by gross pathological samples and sections. RESULTS: Totally 65 rabbits were involved in the analysis of results. ① Dynamic state of intracranial pressure: Intracranial pressure increased obviously at 45 minutes after internal capsule hemorrhage and brainstem hemorrhage, the intracranial pressures were (1.31±0.30), (1.82±0.45) kPa, which were obviously higher than those before hemorrhage [(1.04±0.18), ( 1.05±0.19) kPa, P < 0.01]. ② Discharge of vagus nerve: Under intracranial hypertension, the discharge of cervical vagus nerve trunk was enhanced, and the discharge intensity of vagus nerve trunk was significantly different before and after persistent intracranial hypertension [(364.28±78.55), (1252.19±151.75) μV·s, P < 0.01]. The discharges of cervical vagus nerve trunk were significantly enhanced after internal capsule hemorrhage and brainstem hemorrhage (P < 0.01). ③ Validation of hemorrhage sites: The hemorrhage sites were internal capsule and brainstem on histopathological sections. CONCLUSION: Intracranial pressure may play an important role in the pathophysiological process of vagus nerve imbalance caused by cerebral hemorrhage.Xuelong Jin Wenli Jing Fengxia Yan Zhaoqiang Zhang Fengjun Lǚ Shuiqing Jing Na Sun Kazushige Mizoguchi 2007Neural Regeneration Research2007,2,3:0
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