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| 1 | Gastric food retention at endoscopy is associated with severity of liver cirrhosis显示文摘BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal symptoms are prevalent in patients with cirrhosis.Cirrhotic patients have a known predilection to delayed gastric emptying compared to those without cirrhosis.However,the contributing factors have not been fully elucidated.Retained gastric food on esophagogastroduodenoscopy(EGD)has been used as a surrogate marker for delayed gastric emptying with reasonably high specificity.Therefore,we hypothesize that the frequency of retained gastric food contents at EGD will be higher in a cirrhotic population compared to a control population without liver disease.Additionally,we hypothesize that increased frequency of gastric food contents will be associated with increased severity of cirrhosis.AIM To determine the relative frequency of delayed gastric emptying among cirrhotics as compared to non-cirrhotics and to identify associated factors.METHODSWe performed a retrospective case-control study of cirrhotic subjects whounderwent EGD at an academic medical center between 2000 and 2015. Threehundred sixty-four patients with confirmed cirrhosis, who underwent a total of1044 EGDs for the indication of esophageal variceal screening or surveillance,were identified. During the same period, 519 control patients without liverdisease, who underwent a total of 881 EGDs for the indication of anemia, wereidentified. The presence of retained food on EGD was used as a surrogate fordelayed gastric emptying. The relative frequency of delayed gastric emptyingamong cirrhotics was compared to non-cirrhotics. Characteristics of patients withand without retained food on EGD were compared using univariable andmultivariable logistic regression analysis to identify associated factors.RESULTSOverall, 40 (4.5%) patients had evidence of retained food on EGD. Cirrhotics weremore likely to have retained food on EGD than non-cirrhotics (9.1% vs 1.4%, P <0.001). Characteristics associated with retained food on univariable analysisincluded age less than 60 years (12.6% vs 5.2%, P = 0.015), opioid use (P = 0.004),Child-Pugh class C (24.1% Child-Pugh class C vs 6.4% Child-Pugh class A, P =0.007), and lower platelet count (P = 0.027). On multivariate logistic regressionanalysis, in addition to the presence of cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 5.83;95%CI: 2.32-14.7, P < 0.001), diabetes mellitus (types 1 and 2 combined) (OR = 2.34;95%CI:1.08-5.06, P = 0.031), opioid use (OR = 3.08;95%CI: 1.29-7.34, P = 0.011), andChild-Pugh class C (OR = 4.29;95%CI: 1.43-12.9, P = 0.01) were also associatedwith a higher likelihood of food retention on EGD.CONCLUSIONCirrhotics have a higher frequency of retained food at EGD than non-cirrhotics.Decompensated cirrhosis, defined by Child-Pugh class C, is associated with ahigher likelihood of delayed gastric emptying. | David B Snell Shirley Cohen-Mekelburg Russell Weg Gaurav Ghosh Adam P Buckholz Amit Mehta Xiaoyue Ma Paul J Christos Arun B Jesudian | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，11： | 2 |
| 2 | Excretion of the Epstein-Barr virus from the genital tract of men显示文摘 | Israele V Shirley P Sixbey JW | 1991 | J Infect Dis1991，163，： | 1 |
| 3 | A low distortion map between disk and square 显示文摘 | Shirley P Chiu K | 1997 | Journal of Graphics Tools1997，2，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Photo- graphic tone reproduction for digital images 显示文摘 | Reinhard E Stark M Shirley P | 2002 | ACM Transactions on Graphics2002，21，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of melatonin on growth and metabolism of chickens显示文摘 | Osei P Robbins K R Shirley H V | 1989 | Nutrition Re- search1989，，9： | 1 |
| 6 | Photographic tone repro- duction for digital images显示文摘 | Reinhard E Stark M Shirley P | 2002 | ACM Transactions on Graphics2002，21，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Photographic tone reproduction for digital images 显示文摘 | REINHARD E STARK M SHIRLEY P | 2002 | ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG)2002，21，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones, Delaware Basin, west Texas : Origin, distribution, and effect on reser- voir properties 显示文摘 | Shirley P Dutton | 2008 | AAPG Bulletin2008，92，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Live attenuated vaccines against avian coccidiosis: success with precocious and egg-adapted lines of Eimeria显示文摘 | Shirley M W Bedrnik P | 1997 | Parasitol Today1997，13，： | 1 |
| 10 | Monte Carlo techniques for direct lighting calculations显示文摘 | Shirley P Wang C Zimmerman K | 1996 | ACM Transactions on Graphics(TOG)1996，15，1： | 1 |
| 11 | The Choice between Analysis of Variance and Analysis of Covariance with Special Reference to the Analysis of Organ Weights in Toxicology Studies 显示文摘 | Shirley E Newnham P | 1984 | Star Med1984，3，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Excretion of the Epstein-Barr virus from the genital tract of men显示文摘 | Israele V Shirley P Sixbey JW | 1991 | J Infect Dis1991，163，： | 1 |
| 13 | Descriptive epidemiology of congenital heart disease in Northern England 显示文摘 | Dadvand P Rankin J Shirley M D F | 2009 | Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology2009，23，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Aggregating behavior of ovigerous female red king crabs,Paralithodes camtschaticus,in Auke Bay, Alaska显示文摘 | C E O'Clair and T C Shirley | 1993 | Can J Fish Aquat Sci1993，50，： | 1 |
| 15 | Ray tracing deform- able scenes using dynamic bounding volume hierar- chies显示文摘 | Wald I Boulos S Shirley P | 2007 | Acm Trans Graph2007，26，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction显示文摘 | ADAMS P W R SHIRLEY J E J MCMANUS M C | 2015 | Applied Energy2015，138，： | 1 |
| 17 | Timing of compaction and quartz cementation from integerated petrographic and burial-history analyses,lower Cretaceous fall river formation,Wyoming and south Dakota显示文摘 | | 1997 | Journal of Sedimentary Research1997，67，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Calcite cement in Permian deep-water sandstones, Delaware Basin, west Texas: Origin, distribution, and effect on reservoir properties显示文摘 | Shirley P Dutton | 2008 | AAPG Bulletin2008，92，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Iron-alumina materials prepared by the non- hydrolytic sol-gel route: synthesis, characterization and application in hydrocarbons oxidation using hydrogen peroxide as oxidant显示文摘 | Ricci Gustavo P Rocha Zenis N Nakagaki Shirley | 2010 | Applied Catalysis A: General2010，389，： | 1 |
| 20 | Hemoglobin polymerization显示文摘 | SHIRLEY L M and DUNCAN S P | 1994 | Mehthods in Enzymology1994，231，： | 1 |
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