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| 1 | Establishing the presence or absence of chronic kidney disease:Uses and limitations of formulas estimating the glomerular filtration rate显示文摘The development of formulas estimating glomerular filtration rate(eG FR) from serum creatinine and cystatin C and accounting for certain variables affecting the production rate of these biomarkers, including ethnicity, gender and age, has led to the current scheme of diagnosing and staging chronic kidney disease(CKD),which is based on e GFR values and albuminuria.This scheme has been applied extensively in various populations and has led to the current estimates of prevalence of CKD. In addition, this scheme is applied in clinical studies evaluating the risks of CKD and the efficacy of various interventions directed towards improving its course. Disagreements between creatinine-based and cystatin-based e GFR values and between e GFR values and measured GFR have been reported in various cohorts. These disagreements are the consequence of variations in the rate of production and in factors, other than GFR, affecting the rate of removal of creatinine and cystatin C. The disagreements create limitations for all e GFR formulas developed so far. The main limitations are low sensitivity in detecting early CKD in several subjects, e.g., those with hyperfiltration, and poor prediction of the course of CKD. Research efforts in CKD are currently directed towards identification of biomarkers that are better indices of GFR than the current biomarkers and,particularly, biomarkers of early renal tissue injury. | Ahmed Alaini Deepak Malhotra Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Zeid J Khitan Dominic SC Raj Mark Rohrscheib Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Methodology2017，7，3： | 7 |
| 2 | Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients显示文摘 | Shapiro J M | | 0，，： | 5 |
| 3 | Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts显示文摘 | Thomson JA Itskovitz Eldor J Shapiro SS | | 0，，： | 3 |
| 4 | Fluid balance concepts in medicine:Principles and practice显示文摘The regulation of body fluid balance is a key concern in health and disease and comprises three concepts. The first concept pertains to the relationship between total body water(TBW) and total effective solute and is expressed in terms of the tonicity of the body fluids. Disturbances in tonicity are the main factor responsible for changes in cell volume, which can critically affect brain cell function and survival. Solutes distributed almost exclusively in the extracellular compartment(mainly sodium salts) and in the intracellular compartment(mainly potassium salts) contribute to tonicity, while solutes distributed in TBW have no effect on tonicity. The second body fluid balance concept relates to the regulation and measurement of abnormalities of sodium salt balance and extracellular volume. Estimation of extracellular volume is more complex and error prone than measurement of TBW. A key function of extracellular volume, which is defined as the effective arterial blood volume(EABV), is to ensure adequate perfusion of cells and organs. Other factors, including cardiac output, total and regional capacity of both arteries and veins, Starling forces in the capillaries, and gravity also affect the EABV. Collectively, these factors interact closely with extracellular volume and some of them undergo substantial changes in certain acute and chronic severe illnesses. Their changes result not only in extracellular volume expansion, but in the need for a larger extracellular volume compared with that of healthy individuals. Assessing extracellular volume in severe illness is challenging because the estimates of this volume by commonly used methods are prone to large errors in many illnesses. In addition, the optimal extracellular volume may vary from illness to illness, is only partially based on volume measurements by traditional methods, and has not been determined for each illness. Further research is needed to determine optimal extracellular volume levels in several illnesses. For these reasons, extracellular volume in severe illness merits a separate third concept of body fluid balance. | Maria-Eleni Roumelioti Robert H Glew Zeid J Khitan Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos P Argyropoulos Deepak Malhotra Dominic S Raj Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2018 | World Journal of Nephrology2018，7，1： | 3 |
| 5 | Embedded image coding using zerotree of wavelet coefficients显示文摘 | Shapiro J M | | 0，，： | 2 |
| 6 | Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts 显示文摘 | Thomson J A Itskovitz Eldor J Shapiro S S | 1998 | Science1998，282，5391： | 2 |
| 7 | Hypertonicity:Clinical entities,manifestations and treatment显示文摘Hypertonicity causes severe clinical manifestations and is associated with mortality and severe short-term and longterm neurological sequelae. The main clinical syndromes of hypertonicity are hypernatremia and hyperglycemia.Hypernatremia results from relative excess of body sodium over body water. Loss of water in excess of intake,gain of sodium salts in excess of losses or a combination of the two are the main mechanisms of hypernatremia.Hypernatremia can be hypervolemic,euvolemic or hypovolemic. The management of hypernatremia addresses both a quantitative replacement of water and,if present,sodium deficit,and correction of the underlying pathophysiologic process that led to hypernatremia.Hypertonicity in hyperglycemia has two components,solute gain secondary to glucose accumulation in the extracellular compartment and water loss through hyperglycemic osmotic diuresis in excess of the losses of sodium and potassium. Differentiating between these two components of hypertonicity has major therapeutic implications because the first component will be reversed simply by normalization of serum glucose concentration while the second component will require hypotonic fluid replacement. An estimate of the magnitude of the relative water deficit secondary to osmotic diuresis is obtained by the corrected sodium concentration,which represents a calculated value of the serum sodium concentration that would result from reduction of the serum glucose concentration to a normal level. | Helbert Rondon-Berrios Christos Argyropoulos Todd S Ing Dominic S Raj Deepak Malhotra Emmanuel I Agaba Mark Rohrscheib Zeid J Khitan Glen H Murata Joseph I Shapiro Antonios H Tzamaloukas | 2017 | World Journal of Nephrology2017，6，1： | 2 |
| 8 | 强化降压对高血压患者左心室肥厚的影响显示文摘目前尚不清楚超出推荐值的强化降压是否更能降低高血压患者的左心室肥厚(left ventricular hypertrophy,LVH)发生风险,以及LVH风险降低能否解释强化降压的益处。Soliman等纳入收缩压干预试验(systolic blood pressure intervention,SPRINT)中患有高血压但无糖尿病的8164例受试者(平均年龄67.9岁,女性35.3%,31.2%为非洲裔), | 刘莉 叶鹏 Soliman EZ Ambrosius WT Cushman WC Zhang ZM Bates JT Neyra JA Carson TY Tamariz L Ghazi L Cho ME Shapiro BP He J Fine LJ Lewis CE SPRINT Research Study Group | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，6： | 2 |
| 9 | Embedding image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients 显示文摘 | SHAPIRO J M | 1993 | IEEE Trans on Signal Processing1993，41，12： | 2 |
| 10 | Embedded Image Coding Using Zerotrees of Wavelet Coefficients 显示文摘 | Shapiro J M | 1993 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1993，41，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Abdominal incision: decision or indecision? 显示文摘 | Cahalane M J Shapiro ME Silen W | 1989 | Lancet1989，8630，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Interactional Fairness Judgements:The Influence of Causal Accounts显示文摘 | SHAPIRO D L | 1987 | Social Justice Research1987，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Biomanipulation: the next phase-making it stable显示文摘 | SHAPIRO J | 1990 | Hydrobiologia1990，200，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Association between arterial hyperoxia following resuscitation from cardiac arrest and in-hospital mortality显示文摘 | Kilgannon J H Jones A E Shapiro N I | 2010 | JAMA2010，303，： | 1 |
| 15 | 显示文摘 | Stanimirovic DB Wong J Shapiro A | 1997 | Aeta Neurochir Suppl (wien)1997，70，： | 1 |
| 16 | Embryonic stem cell lines derived from human blastocysts 显示文摘 | THOMSON J A ITSKOVITZ-ELDOR J SHAPIRO S S | 1998 | Science1998，282，： | 1 |
| 17 | Embedded image coding using zerotrees of wavelet coefficients 显示文摘 | Shapiro J M | 1993 | IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing1993，41，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Universal vectors for operators on spaces of holomorphic functions显示文摘 | Gethner R M Shapiro J H | 1987 | Proc Amer Math Soc1987，100，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Feature-based correspondence: an eigenvector approach 显示文摘 | Shapiro L S Brady J M | 1992 | Image and Vision Computing1992，10，5： | 1 |
| 20 | A survey of lagrangean techniques for discrete optimization 显示文摘 | SHAPIRO J F | 1979 | Annals of Discrete Mathematics1979，5，1： | 1 |
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