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| 1 | Magnetic resonance imaging and multi-detector computed tomography assessment of extracellular compartment in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies显示文摘Myocardial pathologies are major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early detection of loss of cellular integrity and expansion in extracellular volume(ECV) in myocardium is critical to initiate effective treatment. The three compartments in healthy myocardium are: intravascular(approximately 10% of tissue volume), interstitium(approximately 15%) and intracellular(approximately 75%). Myocardial cells, fibroblasts and vascular endothelial/smooth muscle cells represent intracellular compartment and the main proteins in the interstitium are types Ⅰ/Ⅲ collagens. Microscopic studies have shown that expansion of ECV is an important feature of diffuse physiologic fibrosis(e.g., aging and obesity) and pathologic fibrosis [heart failure, aortic valve disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, amyloidosis, congenital heart disease, aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy(hypereosinophilic and idiopathic types), arrythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and hypertension]. This review addresses recent advances in measuring of ECV in ischemic and non-ischemic myocardial pathologies. Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) has the ability to characterize tissue proton relaxation times(T1, T2, and T2*). Proton relaxation times reflect the physical and chemical environments of water protons in myocardium. Delayed contrast enhanced-MRI(DE-MRI) and multi-detector computed tomography(DE-MDCT) demonstrated hyper-enhanced infarct, hypo-enhanced microvascular obstruction zone and moderately enhanced peri-infarct zone, but are limited for visualizing diffuse fibrosis and patchy microinfarct despite the increase in ECV. ECV can be measured on equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI longitudinal relaxation time mapping. Equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and MRI T1 mapping is currently used, but at a lower scale, as an alternative to invasive sub-endomyocardial biopsies to eliminate the need for anesthesia, coronary catheterization and possibility of tissue sampling error. Similar to delayed contrast enhancement, equilibrium contrast enhanced MRI/MDCT and T1 mapping is completely noninvasive and may play a specialized role in diagnosis of subclinical and other myocardial pathologies. DE-MRI and when T1-mapping demonstrated sub-epicardium, sub-endocardial and patchy mid-myocardial enhancement in myocarditis, Behcet's disease and sarcoidosis, respectively. Furthermore, recent studies showed that the combined technique of cine, T2-weighted and DE-MRI technique has high diagnostic accuracy for detecting myocarditis. When the tomographic techniques are coupled with myocardial perfusion and left ventricular function they can provide valuable information on the progression of myocardial pathologies and effectiveness of new therapies. | Maythem Saeed Steven W Hetts Robert Jablonowski Mark W Wilson | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，11： | 4 |
| 2 | Irritant and Cytotoxic Coumarins from Angelica glauca Edgew Roots显示文摘 | SAEED M A SABIR A W | 2008 | Journal of Asian Natural Products Research2008，10，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Computational identification of cis-regulatory elements associated groups of functionaily related genes in Saccharomyces cetevisiae显示文摘 | Jason D Hughes Preston W Estep Saeed Tavazoie George M Church | 2000 | J Mol Biol2000，296，5： | 1 |
| 4 | Recurrent carpal tunnel syndrome in a child due to fibrolipomatous hamartoma of the median nerve successfully treated by limited excision and decompression显示文摘 | Bains R Kotwal A Saeed W | 2006 | J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg2006，59，12： | 1 |
| 5 | Kuwait's total diet study :dietary intake of organochlorine, carbamate, benzimidale and phenylurea pesticide residues显示文摘 | SAWAYA W N AL AWADHI F A SAEED T | 2000 | J of AOAC Int2000，82，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Generalized expression for the growth of long period gratings显示文摘 | Saeed Pilevar | 1998 | Photonics Technology Letters1998，10，10： | 1 |
| 7 | Correlation of eosinophil cationic protein with severity of asthma 显示文摘 | Badar A Saeed W Hussain MM | 2004 | J Ayub Med Coil Abbottabad2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 8 | High resolution computed tomographic patterns in adults with pulmonarytuberculosis 显示文摘 | Naseem A Saeed W Khan S | 2008 | Coil Physicians Surg Pak2008，18，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Correlation of eosinophil cationic protein with severity of asthma显示文摘 | Badar A Saeed W Hussain MM | 2004 | J Arub Med Coll Abbottabad2004，16，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Micropropagation of peach rootstocks显示文摘 | ELDEENS A S SAEED W T HASSABLLA I A | 1998 | Bulletin of Faculty of Agriculture University of Cairo1998，49，4： | 1 |
| 11 | The potential use of biogeochemistry in the detection of microseepage of petroleum 显示文摘 | Klusman R W Saeed M A Abu-Ali M A | 1992 | American Association Petroleum Geologists1992，76，： | 1 |
| 12 | Removal and recovery of lead(Ⅱ) from single and multimetal (Cd,Cu,Ni,Zn) solutions by crop milling waste (black gram husk)显示文摘 | SAEED A IQBAL M AKHTAR M W | 2005 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2005，117，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Prevalence of rotavirus and adenovirus associated with diarrhea among displaced communities in Khartoum, Sudan显示文摘 | Elhag W I Saeed H A Omerel F E | 2013 | BMC Infect Dis2013，8，13： | 1 |
| 14 | Potential of partial root zone drying as an alternative irrigation technique for potatoes(Solanum tuberosum)显示文摘 | Saeed H Grove I G Kettlewell P S Hall N W | 2008 | Annals of Applied Botany2008，152，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of feed spacer arrangement on flow dynamics through spacer filled membranes显示文摘 | Saeed A Vuthaluru R Yang Y W | 2012 | Desalination2012，285，： | 1 |
| 16 | Pharmacokinet- ics of standard dose regimens of rifampicin in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis in Pakistan 显示文摘 | Shaheen A Najmi MH Saeed W | 2012 | Scand J Infect Dis2012，44，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Monitoring with EEC entropy decreases propofol requirement and maintains cardiovascular stability during induction of anaesthesia in elderly patients显示文摘 | Riad W Schreiber M Saeed A B | 2007 | Eur J Anaesthesiol2007，24，8： | 1 |
| 18 | The effects of non-isothermal deformation on martensitic transformationin 22MnB5 steel显示文摘 | Naderi M Saeed A A Bleck W | 2008 | Materials Science and Engineering A2008，487，12： | 1 |
| 19 | High resolution computed tomographic patterns in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis显示文摘 | Naseem A Saeed W Khan S | 2008 | J Coll Physicians Surg Pak2008，18，1： | 1 |
| 20 | High resolution computed tomographic patterns in adults with pulmonary tuberculosis显示文摘 | Naseem A Saeed W Khan S | 2008 | J Coll Physicians Surg Pak2008，18，11： | 1 |
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