| 1 | 黔中地区近地面空气^(210)Pb的高浓度U型分布特征显示文摘认识210Pb的空气浓度变化对湖泊沉积和流域侵蚀示踪, 对污染物全球扩散模型的建立和验证, 以及对生态系统受天然辐照的评价等多领域都是关键的环节. 基于云贵高原特殊的环境背景、沉积作用和大气模拟研究的前期进展, 自2001年12月20日起, 利用500 NE 型气溶胶采样器, 连续2年逐周在贵阳观风山采集近地面空气滤膜样品. 通过中国和美国两个实验室对210Pb浓度的γ-能谱同步系统观测表明, 月均浓度呈现出规则的'U'型年分布; 冬季为高值期, 春末和夏季为低值期; 年均浓度2.77±0.63 mBq·m-3, 为全球若干站点中最高平均浓度值的近4倍. 影响黔中地区空气210Pb物质来源的可能因素有: 土壤中较高U-Ra系的222Rn释放; 碳酸盐岩溶蚀作用; 煤、磷资源开发、加工和利用的影响. 制约黔中地区空气210Pb高浓度和U型年分布特征的重要因素在于222Rn的析出. 210Pb月均浓度随降水量呈现良好的幂函数关系, 并随气温呈现良好的分组线性关系. 其中: No.1组(6~11月)反映了较高温度季节土壤222Rn 的相对低释放; No.2组(12~5月)映射了较低温度季节土壤222Rn 的相对高析出. 以降水和气温均权影响模拟计算获得的210Pb月均浓度与实测值之间具有很好的一致性, 反映出黔中地区近地面空气210Pb浓度呈现出规则的'U'型年分布特征主要由区域性的降水和气温制约; 同时还说明其年内气温和降水的变幅制约着210Pb月均浓度的高值与低值之比. 在月时间尺度下, 降水量和气温作为影响土壤(岩石)中222Rn析出的主要因素, 获得了很好的映证. | 万国江 杨伟 王仕禄 万恩源 吴丰昌 S.N.Lee 王长生 黄荣贵 | 2005 | 科学通报2005，50，14： | 9 |
| 2 | Characteristics of U-pattern distribution of high-concentration ^(210)Pb in surface air at central Guizhou,China显示文摘A better understanding of the variation of 210Pb concentrations in the surface air is the key to trace lake sedimentation and catchment erosion, to establish and vali-date the global diffusion model of contaminants, and to as-sess the impact of natural radiation on the ecological system. Basing on the study progresses of the sedimentation, the at-mospheric model and the unique environmental background in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, and starting from December 20, 2001, we made use of a 500 NE Type aerosol sampler to collect filter samples, once a week in the past consecutive two years, in the surface air at Mt. Guanfeng, Guiyang City, China. Synchronous detailed γ -energy spectrometric obser-vations of 210Pb concentrations at both Chinese and U.S. laboratories have shown that the average monthly 210Pb concentration displays a regular U-patterns distribution of annual variations, with high values appearing in winter and low values in late spring and summer. The average annual 210Pb concentrations are estimated to be 2.77±0.63 mBq/m3, about 4 times the average maximum concentrations reported from quite a number of monitoring stations throughout the world. The possible factors affecting the sources of 210Pb in the surface air in the central part of Guizhou Province are: Release of 222Rn from the U-Ra series enriched in the soils; chemical weathering of carbonate rocks; the exploitation, processing and utilization of coal and phosphorous resources. The principal factor controlling the high 210Pb concentrations in the surface air in the central Guizhou and their annual U-pattern distribution is the release of 222Rn. The average monthly 210Pb concentrations show a good negative power- function relationship with increasing precipitation and also show a good negative linear-function relationship with the rise of air temperature in month grouping. Group No.1 (June to November) reflects a relatively low release of 222Rn from soils in relatively high temperature seasons; Group No.2 (December to May) mirrors a relatively high release of 222Rn from soils in relatively low temperature seasons. The average monthly 210Pb concentrations simulated in terms of the pre-cipitation and air temperature are in good consistency with the measured values, revealing that the regular U-pattern distribution characteristics of 210Pb concentrations in the surface air in the central Guizhou are controlled predomi-nantly by regional precipitation and air temperature. Meanwhile, it is also indicated that the magnitude of varia-tion of air temperature and precipitation within the same year also constrains the ratio of high values over low values of average monthly 210Pb concentrations. On a month time scale, precipitation and air temperature are a main factor affecting the release of 222Rn from soils (rocks). In this aspect strong evidence has been obtained. | WAN Guojiang YANG Wei WANG Shilu WAN Enyuan WU Fengchang S.N.LEE WANG Changsheng HUANG Ronggui | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，16： | 2 |
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