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| 1 | Systematic review and meta-analysis of esophageal cancer in Africa:Epidemiology, risk factors, management and outcomes显示文摘BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer(EC)is associated with a poor prognosis,particularly so in Africa where an alarmingly high mortality to incidence ratio prevails for this disease.AIM To provide further understanding of EC in the context of the unique cultural and genetic diversity,and socio-economic challenges faced on the African continent.METHODS We performed a systematic review of studies from Africa to obtain data on epidemiology,risk factors,management and outcomes of EC.A non-systematic review was used to obtain incidence data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer,and the Cancer in Sub-Saharan reports.We searched EMBASE,PubMed,Web of Science,and Cochrane Central from inception to March 2019 and reviewed the list of articles retrieved.Random effects metaanalyses were used to assess heterogeneity between studies and to obtain odds ratio(OR)of the associations between EC and risk factors;and incidence rate ratios for EC between sexes with their respective 95%confidence intervals(CI).RESULTS The incidence of EC is higher in males than females,except in North Africa where it is similar for both sexes.The highest age-standardized rate is from Malawi(30.3 and 19.4 cases/year/100000 population for males and females,respectively)followed by Kenya(28.7 cases/year/100000 population for both sexes).The incidence of EC rises sharply after the age of 40 years and reaches a peak at 75 years old.Meta-analysis shows a strong association with tobacco(OR 3.15,95%CI:2.83-3.50).There was significant heterogeneity between studies on alcohol consumption(OR 2.28,95%CI:1.94-2.65)and on low socioeconomic status(OR 139,95%CI:1.25-1.54)as risk factors,but these could also contribute to increasing the incidence of EC.The best treatment outcomes were with esophagectomy with survival rates of 76.6%at 3 years,and chemo-radiotherapy with an overall combined survival time of 267.50 d.CONCLUSION Africa has high incidence and mortality rates of EC,with preventable and nonmodifiable risk factors.Men in this setting are at increased risk due to their higher prevalence of tobacco and alcohol consumption.Management requires a multidisciplinary approach,and survival is significantly improved in the setting of esophagectomy and chemoradiation therapy. | Akwi W Asombang Nathaniel Chishinga Alick Nkhoma Jackson Chipaila Bright Nsokolo Martha Manda-Mapalo Joao Filipe G Montiero Lewis Banda Kulwinder S Dua | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，31： | 9 |
| 2 | Robust control for linear systems with structural state space uncertainty显示文摘 | Banda S S Yeh H M | 1989 | Interna-tional Journal of Control1989，50，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Tailless aircraft flight control using multiple time scale re-configurable sliding modes 显示文摘 | Shtessel Y B Buffington J Banda S | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology2002，10，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Relationship of gabbro and pillow lavas in the Lupar Formation, West Sarawak: implications for the interpretation of the Lubok Antu M lange and the Lupar Line显示文摘 | Haile N S Lam S K Banda R M | 1994 | Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia1994，36，： | 1 |
| 5 | Radiation interception and growth of maize/cowpea intercrop as affected by maize plant density and cowpea cuhivar显示文摘 | Watiki J M Fukai S Banda J A | 1993 | Field Crop Res1993，35，： | 1 |
| 6 | RNA-baso anti-HIV-1 gene therapeutic constructs in SCID-hu mouse model显示文摘 | Bai J Banda N Lee N S | 2002 | Mol Ther2002，6，6： | 1 |
| 7 | Robust flight control design using dynamic inversion and structured singular value synthesis 显示文摘 | Adams R J Banda S S | 1993 | IEEE Transactions On Control Systems Technology1993，1，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial pekin ducks in new york~显示文摘 | Banda A Galloway Haskins R I Sandhu T S | 2007 | Avian Dis2007，51，： | 1 |
| 9 | The start of a newera for stroke treatment:mechanical thrombectomy devices 显示文摘 | Benmira S Banda ZK Bhattacharya V | 2011 | Curr Neurovasc Res2011，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial Pekin ducks in New York显示文摘 | BandA A Galloway-Haskins R I Sandhu T S etal | 2007 | Avian Dis2007，51，： | 1 |
| 11 | Toward improvement of tracking performance-nonlinear feedback for linear systems显示文摘 | LIN Z PACHTER M BANDA S | 1998 | International Journal of Control1998，70，： | 1 |
| 12 | An overview of rotating stall and surge control for axial flow compressors 显示文摘 | Gu G Sparks A Banda S S | 1999 | IEEE Trans Control Syst Technol1999，，7： | 1 |
| 13 | Design of nonlin- ear control laws for high angle-of-attack flight显示文摘 | Adams R J Buffington J M Banda S S | 1994 | Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics1994，17，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Toward improvement of tracking performance-nonlinear feedback for linear system显示文摘 | LIN Z PACHTER M BANDA S | 1998 | International Journal of Control1998，70，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Genetic analysis of a duck circovirus detected in commercial Pekin ducks in New York 显示文摘 | Banda A Galloway-Haskins R 1 Sandhu T S | 2007 | Avian Dis2007，51，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Application of structured singular value synthesis to a fighter aircraft 显示文摘 | Sparks A Banda S S | 1993 | Journal of Guidance Control and Dynanics1993，，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Genotyping of Myco bacterium bowls by geographic location within Mexico显示文摘 | Milian S F Banda R V Ramirez C C | 2002 | Prev Vet Med2002，55，4： | 1 |
| 18 | An Overview of Rotating Stall and Surge Control for Axial Flow Compressors显示文摘 | Gu Guoxiang Sparks A Banda S S | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology1999，7，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Nonlinear Simulation of a Modified F-16 with Full-Envelope Control Laws显示文摘 | Reigelsperger W C Banda S S | 1998 | Control Engineer Practice1998，6，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Coordinated control of multisatellite systems显示文摘 | Wei K Andy S A Banda S | 2001 | J Guidance Control and Dynamics2001，24，2： | 1 |
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