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| 1 | Challenge and Opportunity in Improving Fertilizer-nitrogen Use Efficiency of Irrigated Rice in China显示文摘Today, about 30% of world nitrogen (N) fertilizer is consumed by China. Rice crops in China consume about 37% of the total N fertilizer used for rice production in the world. Average rate of N application for rice production in China is high and fertilizer-N use efficiency is low compared with other major rice growing countries. Research progresses have been made internationally and domestically on the application method, fertilizer-N sources, computer-based decision support systems, and real-time N management in order to reduce N losses and increase fertilizer-N use efficiency. In addition to continuous increase in N rate and lack of adoption of new knowledge and technology in N management by farmers, we hypothesize that high indigenous soil N supply, adoption of hybrid and super rice cultivars, improper timing of N application, and practice of mid-season drainage could be the causes for the low fertilizer-N use efficiency in China. Future research work on improving fertilizer-N use efficiency of rice crop in China should focus more on improving cultivar's N responsiveness, optimizing the timing and rate of N application based on crop N status, and achieving optimal soil N supply capacity. | Roland Buresh Christian Witt | 2002 | Agricultural Sciences in China2002，1，7： | 86 |
| 2 | 水稻“三控”施肥技术规程显示文摘从氮肥总量控制、氮肥的分阶段调控、磷钾肥的施用和其他配套技术等方面,介绍了水稻“三控”施肥技术规程;并指出应用水稻“三控”施肥技术规程中应注意的问题。 | 钟旭华 黄农荣 郑海波 彭少兵 Roland J Buresh | 2007 | 广东农业科学2007，34，5： | 86 |
| 3 | 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略显示文摘介绍了中国水稻生产氮肥使用及利用率概况。中国氮肥消费量占世界氮肥总量的 30 %,水稻生产所消耗的氮肥占世界水稻氮肥总消耗量的 37%。与主要产稻国相比 ,中国水稻生产氮肥施用量较高而利用率较低 ;介绍了国际上公认的氮肥利用率的概念和相应的定量方法 ;总结了国内外水稻氮肥的施用方法 ,肥料种类 ,计算机推荐施肥以及实时施氮管理模式等对降低氮素损失 ,提高氮肥利用率的研究概况和研究进展 ;从水稻品种耐肥性、土壤供肥能力、施肥技术及水分管理等多方面分析了中国水稻氮肥利用率低的可能原因 ;提出了通过改善水稻品种对氮肥的敏感反应 ,以作物氮素状况为指导适时和适量施用氮肥 ,以及合理调节土壤背景氮来降低氮素损失 ,提高水稻的氮肥利用率的研究策略。 | 彭少兵 黄见良 钟旭华 杨建昌 王光火 邹应斌 张福锁 朱庆森 Roland Buresh Christian Witt | 2002 | 中国农业科学2002，35，9： | 1029 |
| 4 | Acute lung injury and ARDS in acute pancreatitis: Mechanisms and potential intervention显示文摘Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in acute pancreatitis still represents a substantial problem,with a mortality rate in the range of 30%-40%.The present review evaluates underlying pathophysiological mechanisms in both ALI and ARDS and potential clinical implications.Several mediators and pathophysiological pathways are involved during the different phases of ALI and ARDS.The initial exudative phase is characterized by diffuse alveolar damage,microvascular injury and influx of inflammatory cells.This phase is followed by a fibro-proliferative phase with lung repair,type Ⅱ pneumocyte hypoplasia and proliferation of fibroblasts.Proteases derived from polymorphonuclear neutrophils,various pro-inflammatory mediators,and phospholipases are all involved,among others.Contributing factors that promote pancreatitis-associated ALI may be found in the gut and mesenteric lymphatics.There is a lack of complete understanding of the underlying mechanisms,and by improving our knowledge,novel tools for prevention and intervention may be developed,thus contributing to improved outcome. | Roland Andersson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，17： | 65 |
| 5 | 淹水土壤有机酸积累与秸秆碳氮比及氮供应的关系显示文摘有机酸积累和毒害是稻田秸秆还田中受到广泛关注的问题。本文以水稻与小麦秸秆为材料,采用淹水培养研究了甲酸、乙酸、丙酸及丁酸在土壤中的积累及其与秸秆碳氮比、氮肥添加量的关系。结果表明,在不施用氮肥的情况下,随秸秆用量的增加,秸秆处理的有机酸积累均显著增多。与稻秸处理相比,麦秸处理的有机酸(尤其是丙酸)积累量显著较高,土壤溶液中NH4+浓度显著较低。加入尿素明显减少有机酸积累,促进CH4排放,但对CO2的排放无显著影响;氮素的影响在麦秸处理中表现的尤为明显。上述结果说明麦秸的高碳氮比增加了无机氮的生物固定,抑制有机酸向CH4转化,从而导致麦秸处理有机酸积累量高于稻秸处理。施用氮肥是减少麦秸还田后有机酸积累的有效措施之一,但此措施将可能促进CH4的排放。 | 单玉华 蔡祖聪 韩勇 Sarah E Johnson Roland J Buresh | 2006 | 土壤学报2006，43，6： | 68 |
| 6 | 不同耕作方式对杂交水稻根系特性及产量的影响显示文摘目的探明不同耕作方式下杂交水稻根系特性及增产的机制。方法在田间试验条件下,研究不同耕作方式(翻耕和免耕)对直播稻和移栽稻根系特性和产量的影响。结果无论直播或移栽,免耕稻最高分蘖期的根冠比、单蔸根干重、根系总吸收表面积和活跃吸收表面积均高于翻耕稻,其成熟期0~5cm土层的根重、根重密度和5~10cm、10~20cm土层的比根长也比翻耕稻高。在移栽条件下,免耕稻成熟期0~5cm土层的根长、根长密度和根表面积高于翻耕稻,其最高分蘖期的根系32P吸收总量和根系氧化力分别比翻耕稻平均增加40.72%、13.81%;在直播条件下,免耕稻最高分蘖期、孕穗期、齐穗期的根系32P吸收总量和根系氧化力分别比翻耕稻平均增加54.56%、19.53%、2.80%和12.59%、24.06%、74.19%,其孕穗期的地上部32P的转运率比翻耕稻平均增加13.68%,而其根系残留率比翻耕稻平均降低10.22%。无论移栽或直播,免耕稻的有效穗数比翻耕稻低,但其每穗粒数高于翻耕稻。在直播和移栽条件下,免耕稻的产量平均分别为8979.0kg·ha-1和8588.0kg·ha-1,比翻耕稻分别增产2.30%和1.19%,但未达到5%的显著水平。结论免耕稻相对于翻耕稻有明显的增产优势,是其根系特性的一种响应。 | 冯跃华 邹应斌 Roland J Buresh 李合松 高彧 许桂玲 王淑红 敖和军 | 2006 | 中国农业科学2006，39，4： | 52 |
| 7 | 不同时期施氮对华南双季杂交稻产量及氮素吸收和氮肥利用率的影响显示文摘以两系法杂交水稻粤杂122为材料,在广州进行2 a 4季田间试验,研究了氮素作基肥、蘖肥和穗粒肥施用对水稻氮素吸收、稻谷产量和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:施用穗粒肥具有显著的增产作用,其增产效果比基肥和蘖肥好;施用穗粒肥显著提高水稻总吸氮量,基肥和蘖肥对吸氮量影响较小;在总施氮量相同的情况下,氮肥作穗粒肥施用的吸收利用率和农学利用率比基肥和蘖肥高;水稻最适吸氮量随结实期日照时数的增加而提高。控制氮肥总量,适当减少基肥和蘖肥用量,增加穗粒肥用量,实行氮肥后移,有利于提高华南双季杂交稻的产量和氮肥利用率。 | 钟旭华 黄农荣 郑海波 彭少兵 Roland J Buresh | 2007 | 杂交水稻2007，22，4： | 54 |
| 8 | 利用HYSPLIT_4模式分析珠海地面SO_2浓度的变化规律显示文摘利用HYSPLIT_4传输、扩散模式,模拟大尺度气象场下的1999年10月~2000年1月珠海地面SO2浓度变化规律,结果与实测资料对比表明,模式较好地模拟出珠海地面SO2的浓度水平和变化趋势。模拟结果经过分析还表明,珠海地面SO2浓度受到广东省其它地区尤其是珠江三角洲地区城市污染源排放的影响;其浓度变化与广州900 m高度(或965 hPa等压面)水平风场具有相当好的对应关系。 | 黄健 颜鹏 ROLAND R Draxler | 2002 | 热带气象学报2002，18，4： | 49 |
| 9 | 免耕直播对一季晚稻田土壤特性和杂交水稻生长及产量形成的影响显示文摘为了探明免耕直播对杂交水稻的生育规律和稻田土壤理化性状的影响,于2003-2004年在长沙以两优培九为材料,进行了免耕直播、翻耕直播2种栽培方式的田间比较试验研究。结果表明,与翻耕直播稻田相比,免耕直播稻田0~5cm土层容重降低3.55%,总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、通气孔隙度和毛管持水量分别增加4.80%、1.59%、39.85%和7.04%,10~20cm土层的毛管孔隙度和5~10cm土层的通气孔隙度也分别增加11.14%和73.74%;5~10cm土层pH值增加3.53%;0~5cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷含量分别增加3.32%、15.60%、8.34%、36.64%,说明免耕有利于养分在0~5cm土层富集,直播稻田免耕不会引起土壤的酸化。同时免耕直播稻最高茎蘖数较低,而其成穗率较高;根系活力较强,平均比翻耕直播稻高12.59%~59.09%;其单蔸根干重也高于翻耕直播稻,增加幅度为19.12%~49.26%;生长后期净光合作用速率比翻耕直播稻高,平均增幅为10.82%,说明免耕直播更有利于后期产量的形成;净同化率也比翻耕直播稻高22.92%;翻、免耕直播稻干物质积累量及分配无显著差异;吸氮总量和吸磷总量相似,无显著差异,但免耕直播稻的吸钾总量比翻耕直播稻高。免耕直播稻的有效穗数比翻耕直播稻低,但每穗粒数高于翻耕直播稻。免耕直播稻的实收产量为8811.6~9346.3kg/hm^2,比翻耕直播稻增产5.61%~18.82%。 | 冯跃华 邹应斌 Roland J Buresh 许桂玲 敖和军 王淑红 | 2006 | 作物学报2006，32，11： | 36 |
| 10 | Radiofrequency ablation or percutaneous ethanol injection for the treatment of liver tumors显示文摘The liver is a common location of both primary and secondary malignancies. For unresectable liver cancer, many local ablative therapies have been developed. These include e.g., percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI), percutaneous acetic acid injection, radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, microwave ablation, laserinduced thermotherapy, and high-intensity focused ultrasound. RFA has recently gained interest and is the most widely applied thermoablative technique. RFA allows more effective tumor control in fewer treatment sessions compared with PEI, but with a higher rate of complications. However, there are certain circumstances where PEI therapy represents a better strategy to control liver tumors than RFA, especially in situations where RFA is difficult, for example when large vessels surround the tumor. In the context of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), both RFA and PEI are feasible and of benefit in non-operable patients. RFA seems superior to PEI in HCC > 2 cm, and the combination of interventions may be of benefit in selected patients. Liver resection is superior to RFA for patients with HCC meeting the Milan criteria, but RFA can be employed in tumors ≤ 3 cm and where there is an increased expected operative mortality. In addition, some lines of evidence indicate that RFA and PEI can be employed as a bridge to liver transplantation. The use of RFA in colorectal liver metastases is currently limited to unresectable disease and for patients unfit for surgery. The aim of this article is to summarize the current status of RFA in the management of liver tumors and compare it to the cheap and readily available technique of PEI. | Daniel Ansari Roland Andersson | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，10： | 39 |
| 11 | Characterization of functional biliary pain and dyspeptic symptoms in patients with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction:Effect of papillotomy显示文摘AIM: To characterize functional biliary pain and other gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in postcholecystectomy syndrome (PCS) patients with and without sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) proved by endoscopic sphincter of Oddi manometry (ESOM), and to assess the post- endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) outcome. METHODS: We prospectively investigated 85 cholecystectomized patients referred for ERCP because of PCS and suspected SOD. On admission, all patients completed our questionnaire. Physical examination, laboratory tests, abdominal ultrasound, quantitative hepatobiliary scintigraphy (QHBS), and ERCP were performed in all patients. Based on clinical and ERCP findings 15 patients had unexpected bile duct stone disease and 15 patients had SOD biliary typeⅠ. ESOM demonstrated an elevated basal pressure in 25 patients with SOD biliary-type Ⅲ. In the remaining 30 cholecystectomized patients without SOD, the liver function tests, ERCP, QHBS and ESOM were all normal. As a control group, 30 ‘asymptomatic’ cholecystectomized volunteers (attended to our hospital for general cardiovascular screening) completed our questionnaire, which is consisted of 50 separate questions on GI symptoms and abdominal pain characteristics. Severity of the abdominal pain (frequency and intensity) was assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS). In 40 of 80 patients having definite SOD (i.e. patients with SOD biliary typeⅠand those with elevated SO basal pressure on ESOM), an EST was performed just after ERCP. In these patients repeated questionnaires were filled at each follow-up visit (at 3 and 6 mo) and a second lookQHBS was performed 3 mo after the EST to assess the functional response to EST. RESULTS: The analysis of characteristics of the abdominal pain demonstrated that patients with common bile duct stone and definite SOD had a significantly higher score of symptomatic agreement with previously determined biliary-like pain features than patient groups of PCS without SOD and controls. In contrary, no significant differences were found when the pain severity scores were compared in different groups of PCS patients. In patients with definite SOD, EST induced a significant acceleration of the transpapillary bile flow; and based on the comparison of VASs obtained from the pre- and post-EST questionnaires, the severity scores of abdominal pain were significantly improved, however, only 15 of 35 (43%) patients became completely pain free. Post-EST severity of abdominal pain by VASs was significantly higher in patients with predominant dyspepsia at initial presentation as compared to those without dyspeptic symptoms. CONCLUSION: Persistent GI symptoms and general patient dissatisfaction is a rather common finding after EST in patients with SOD, and correlated with the presence of predominant dyspeptic symptoms at the initial presentation, but does not depend on the technical and functional success of EST. | László Madácsy Roland Fejes Gábor Kurucsai Ildikó Joó András Székely Viktória Bertalan Attila Szepes János Lonovics | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，42： | 33 |
| 12 | 不同氮肥施用对杂交稻产量及其氮素利用效率的影响显示文摘为了探讨氮肥施用量和施用方法对杂交稻产量和氮素利用效率的影响,2001~2003年在湖南省宁乡县回龙铺镇进行了大田栽培试验。结果表明:改进施氮处理的氮肥用量为100~120kg/hm^2,比农民习惯施肥减少38.9%~47.6%,产量增加0.48~1.48t/hm^2,增幅6.32%~27.3%,减氮增产的效果显著;获得最高产量的适宜氮肥用量为99~147.5kg/hm^2,成熟期氮素吸收量为146.9~194.3kg/hm^2。改进的施氮处理AEN平均为10.6~14.3kg/kg.比农民习惯施肥增加7.0~10.7kg/kg;PFPN平均为65.2~96.8kg/kg,比农民的习惯施肥增加34.1~65.7kg/kg;REN平均为68.5%~76.2%,比农民习惯施肥增加14.1%~21.8%,增幅均达到显著或极显著水平。分析了氮肥用量对植株干物质在茎秆、叶片和稻穗分配的影响,讨论了植株后期对氮素的奢侈吸收而导致减产的可能性。 | 邹应斌 敖和军 夏冰 唐启源 彭少兵 Roland J Buresh | 2008 | 作物研究2008，22，4： | 32 |
| 13 | Bone Regeneration Based on Tissue Engineering Conceptions – A 21st Century Perspective显示文摘The role of Bone Tissue Engineering in the field of Regenerative Medicine has been the topic of substantial research over the past two decades.Technological advances have improved orthopaedic implants and surgical techniques for bone reconstruction.However,improvements in surgical techniques to reconstruct bone have been limited by the paucity of autologous materials available and donor site morbidity.Recent advances in the development of biomaterials have provided attractive alternatives to bone grafting expanding the surgical options for restoring the form and function of injured bone.Specifically,novel bioactive(second generation)biomaterials have been developed that are characterised by controlled action and reaction to the host tissue environment,whilst exhibiting controlled chemical breakdown and resorption with an ultimate replacement by regenerating tissue.Future generations of biomaterials(third generation)are designed to be not only osteoconductive but also osteoinductive,i.e.to stimulate regeneration of host tissues by combining tissue engineering and in situ tissue regeneration methods with a focus on novel applications.These techniques will lead to novel possibilities for tissue regeneration and repair.At present,tissue engineered constructs that may find future use as bone grafts for complex skeletal defects,whether from post-traumatic,degenerative,neoplastic or congenital/developmental'origin'require osseous reconstruction to ensure structural and functional integrity.Engineering functional bone using combinations of cells,scaffolds and bioactive factors is a promising strategy and a particular feature for future development in the area of hybrid materials which are able to exhibit suitable biomimetic and mechanical properties.This review will discuss the state of the art in this field and what we can expect from future generations of bone regeneration concepts. | Jan Henkel Maria A.Woodruff Devakara R.Epari Roland Steck Vaida Glatt Ian C.Dickinson Peter F.M.Choong Michael A.Schuetz Dietmar W.Hutmacher | 2013 | Bone Research2013，1，3： | 33 |
| 14 | Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis显示文摘AIM: Although an association between helatic steatosis and vascular risk factors has been described, direct relationships between fatty liver and atherosclerosis have not yet been investigated. The aim of the present study has been to investigate those relationships.METHODS: The Study of Health in Pomerania examined a random population sample aged between 20 and 79 years.A study population of 4 222 subjects without hepatitis B and C infections and without liver cirrhosis was available for the present analysis. Hepatic steatosis was defined sonographically and intima-media thickness (IMT) as well as plaque prevalence were estimated by carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: The prevalence rate of hepatic steatosis was 29.9%. Among subjects aged ≥45 years, an association between hepatic steatosis and IMT of the carotid arteries was found in bivariate analysis, but not after adjustment for atherosclerotic risk factors. Individuals with fatty liver had more often carotid plaques than persons without fatty liver (plaque prevalence rate 76.8% vs 66.6%; P<0.001).This association persisted after adjustment for confounding factors and was predominantly present in subjects with no to mild alcohol consumption.CONCLUSION: There is an independent association between hepatic steatosis and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Metabolic changes due to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may explain this relationship. | Henry V(o|¨)lzke Daniel M.Robinson Volker Kleine Roland Deutscher Wolfgang Hoffmann Jan Lüdemann Ulf Schminke Christof Kessler Ulrich John | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，12： | 29 |
| 15 | Tissue factor in predicted severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To study tissue factor (TF) in acute pancreatitis and evaluate the role of TF as a predictive marker of severity. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive patients admitted to Lund University Hospital, fulfilling the criteria of predicted severe acute pancreatitis (AP), were recruited prospectively between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples for TF analyses were drawn at inclusion in the study and 12 h, 1 d and 3 d later. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients developed mild AP, and 22 patients severe AP. At inclusion in the study, the groups were comparable with respect to gender, aetiology, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score, and duration of pain. At inclusion in the study and at 12 h, TF was higher in the severe AP group (P = 0.035 and P = 0.049, respectively). After 1 and 3 d, no differences in TF levels were noted. Interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly higher in the severe AP group at all of the studied time points. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in the AP group at 1 and 3 d. In receiver operating characteristic-curves, the area under the curve (AUC) for TF was 0.679 (P = 0.035) at inclusion in the study, and a cut off level for TF of 40 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 67%, whereas corresponding AUC for IL-6 was 0.775, P = 0.001, and for CRP was 0.653. IL-6 showed better AUC-values than TF at all time points studied. CONCLUSION: TF-levels are raised early in severe AP. TF as an early predictive marker of severe AP is superior to CRP, but inferior to IL-6. | Ellen Andersson Jakob Axelsson Gunilla Eckerwall Daniel Ansari Roland Andersson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 26 |
| 16 | 周边地区对北京地面SO_2影响的初步研究显示文摘采用Lagrangian传输、扩散、沉降模式计算了 1 994年 9、1 0月份 (非采暖期 )、1 995年 1月和 2 0 0 0年 1月 (采暖期 )北京地区SO2 的变化规律 ,并分别计算了北京市不同类型的排放源以及周边地区污染源对平均地面SO2 浓度的贡献。计算结果与实际观测资料对比表明 ,模式能够较好地模拟北京地区SO2 的浓度量级和逐日变化趋势。北京地区地面SO2 浓度受天气条件的影响较大。采暖期 ,北京当地排放源的影响相对较大 ;但在大气条件有利输送的背景下 。 | 颜鹏 黄健 Roland Draxler | 2002 | 应用气象学报2002，13，U01： | 25 |
| 17 | Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarinoma. METHODS: Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent treatment for malignant hilar bile duct tumors during 1995–2005. Of the 96 patients, 20 were initially treated with surgery (n = 2 R0 / n = 18 R1). In non-operated patients, data analysis was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 96 patients, 76 were treated with endoscopic transpapillary (ERC, n = 45) and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD, n = 31). The mean survival time of these 76 patients undergoing palliative endoscopic and/or percutaneous drainage was 359 ± 296 d. The mean survival time of patients with initial bilirubin levels > 10 mg/dL was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than patients with bilirubin levels < 10 mg/dL. The mean survival time of patients with Bismuth stage Ⅱ (n = 8), Ⅲ (n = 28) and Ⅳ (n = 40) was 496 ± 300 d, 441 ± 385 d and 274 ± 218 d, respectively. Thus, patients with advanced Bismuth stage showed a reduced mean survival time, but the difference was not significant. The type of biliary drainage had no significant beneficial effect on the mean survival time (ERC vs PTBD, P = 0.806). CONCLUSION: Initial bilirubin level is a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients. In contrast, age, tumor stage according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification, and types of intervention are not significant prognostic parameters for survival. Palliative treatment with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is still suboptimal, new diagnostic and therapeutic tools need to be evaluated. | Andreas Weber Sonja Landrock Jochen Schneider Manfred Stangl Bruno Neu Peter Born Meinhard Classen Thomas Rsch Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 23 |
| 18 | Diagnostic approaches for cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘Cholangiocarcinomas arise from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts and are associated with poor prognosis. Despite new diagnostic approaches, the definite diagnosis of this malignancy continues to be challenging. Cholangiocarcinomas often grow longitudinally along the bile duct rather than in a radial direction. Thus, large tumor masses are frequently absent and imaging techniques, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI have only limited sensitivity. Tissue collection during endoscopic (ERCP) and/or percutaneous transhepatic (PTC) procedures are usually used to confirm a definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. However, forceps biopsy and brush cytology provide positive results for malignancy in about only 50% of patients. Percutaneous and peroral cholangioscopy using fiber-optic techniques were therefore developed for direct visualization of the biliary tree, yielding additional information about endoscopic appearance and tumor extension, as well as a guided biopsy acquistion. Finally, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) complements endoscopic and percutaneous approaches and may provide a tissue diagnosis of tumors in the biliary region through fine-needle aspiration. In the future, new techniques allowing for early detection, including molecular markers, should be developed to improve the diagnostic sensitivity in this increasing tumor entity. | Andreas Weber Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 21 |
| 19 | Increased susceptibility for intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy and contraceptive-induced cholestasis in carriers of the 1331T>C polymorphism in the bile salt export pump显示文摘AIM: To study the association of three common ABCB11 and ABCC2 polymorphisms (ABCB11: 1331T>C V444A; ABCC2: 3563T>A V1188E and 4544G>A C1515Y) with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) and contraceptive-induced cholestasis (CIC). METHODS: ABCB11 and ABCC2 genotyping data were available from four CIC patients and from 42 and 33 ICP patients, respectively. Allele-frequencies of the studied polymorphisms were compared with those in healthy pregnant controls and Caucasian individuals. Furthermore, serum bile acid levels were correlated with the presence or absence of the 1331 C allele.RESULTS: The ABCB11 1331T>C polymorphism was significantly more frequent in cholestatic patients than in pregnant controls: C allele 76.2% (CI, 58.0-94.4) vs 51.3% (CI 35.8-66.7), respectively (P = 0.0007); and CC allele 57.1% (CI 36.0-78.3) vs 20% (CI 7.6-32.4), respectively (P = 0.0065). All four CIC patients were homozygous carriers of the C allele. In contrast, none of the studied ABCC2 polymorphism was overrepresented in ICP or CIC patients. Higher serum bile acid levels were found in carriers of the 1331CC genotype compared to carriers of the TT genotype.CONCLUSION: Our data support a role for the ABCB11 1331T>C polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for the ←←← development of estrogen-induced cholestasis, whereas no such association was found for ABCC2. Serum bile acid and γ-glutamyl transferase levels might help to distinguish ABCB4- and ABCB11-related forms of ICP and CIC. | Yvonne Meier Tina Zodan Carmen Lang Roland Zimmermann Gerd A Kullak-Ublick Peter J Meier Bruno Stieger Christiane Pauli-Magnus | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，1： | 20 |
| 20 | In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens of acute cholangitis显示文摘AIM: To analyze the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens isolated from patients with acute cholangitis. METHODS: In this prospective study a total of 65 patients with acute cholangitis due to biliary stone obstruction (n = 7), benign biliary stricture (n = 16), and malignant biliary stricture (n = 42) were investigated with regard to spectrum of bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance. Pathogens were isolated from bile cultures in all study patients. In 22 febrile patients, blood cultures were also obtained. In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/ sulbactam was determined by agar diffusion. RESULTS: Thirty-one out of 65 patients had positive bile and/or blood cultures. In 31 patients, 63 isolates with 17 different species were identified. The predominant strains were Enterococcus species (26/63), E.coli (13/63) and Klebsiella species (8/63). A comparable in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam was observed for E.coli and Klebsiella species. In contrast, Enterococcus species had higher resistances towards moxifloxacin. Overall bacteria showed antibiotic resistances in vitro of 34.9% for piperacillin/sulbactam and 36.5% for moxifloxacin.CONCLUSION: Enterococcus species , E.coli and Klebsiella species were the most common bacteria isolated from bile and/or blood from patients with acute cholangitis. Overall, a mixed infection with several species was observed, and bacteria showed a comparable in vitro activity for piperacillin/sulbactam and moxifloxacin. | Andreas Weber Wolfgang Huber Klaus Kamereck Philipp Winkle Petra Voland Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，20： | 18 |
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