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| 1 | Modeling sustainability:population,inequality,consumption,and bidirectional coupling of the Earth and Human Systems显示文摘Over the last two centuries,the impact of the Human System has grown dramatically,becoming strongly dominant within the Earth System in many diferent ways.Consumption,inequality,and population have increased extremely fast,especially since about 1950,threatening to overwhelm the many critical functions and ecosystems of the Earth System.Changes in the Earth System,in turn,have important feedback efects on the Human System,with costly and potentially serious consequences.However,current models do not incorporate these critical feedbacks.We argue that in order to understand the dynamics of either system,Earth System Models must be coupled with Human System Models through bidirectional couplings representing the positive,negative,and delayed feedbacks that exist in the real systems.In particular,key Human System variables,such as demographics,inequality,economic growth,and migration,are not coupled with the Earth System but are instead driven by exogenous estimates,such as United Nations population projections.his makes current models likely to miss important feedbacks in the real Earth–Human system,especially those that may result in unexpected or counterintuitive outcomes,and thus requiring diferent policy interventions from current models.he importance and imminence of sustainability challenges,the dominant role of the Human System in the Earth System,and the essential roles the Earth System plays for the Human System,all call for collaboration of natural scientists,social scientists,and engineers in multidisciplinary research and modeling to develop coupled Earth–Human system models for devising efective science-based policies and measures to beneit current and future generations. | Safa Motesharrei Jorge Rivas Eugenia Kalnay Ghassem R.Asrar Antonio J.Busalacchi Robert F.Cahalan Mark A.Cane Rita R.Colwell Kuishuang Feng Rachel S.Franklin Klaus Hubacek Fernando Miralles-Wilhelm Takemasa Miyoshi Matthias Ruth Roald Sagdeev Adel Shirmohammadi Jagadish Shukla Jelena Srebric Victor M.Yakovenko Ning Zeng | 2016 | National Science Review2016，3，4： | 34 |
| 2 | Ultrasonography in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis: New aspects显示文摘The course and outcome is poor for most patients with pancreatic diseases.Advances in pancreatic imaging are important in the detection of pancreatic diseases at early stages.Ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool has made,virtually speaking a technical revolution in medical imaging in the new millennium.It has not only become the preferred method for first line imaging,but also,increasingly to clarify the interpretation of other imaging modalities to obtain efficient clinical decision.We review ultrasonography modalities,focusing on advanced pancreatic imaging and its potential to substantially improve diagnosis of pancreatic diseases at earlier stages.In the first section,we describe scanning techniques and examination protocols.Their consequences for image quality and the ability to obtain complete and detailed visualization of the pancreas are discussed.In the second section we outline ultrasonographic characteristics of pancreatic diseases with emphasis on chronic pancreatitis.Finally,new developments in ultrasonography of the pancreas such as contrast enhanced ultrasound and elastography are enlightened. | Georg Dimcevski Friedemann G Erchinger Roald Havre Odd Helge Gilja | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 12 |
| 3 | Chronic fatigue is associated with increased disease-related worries and concerns in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To investigate the impact of chronic fatigue on disease-related worries in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and the potential multicolinearity between subjective questionnaires.METHODS:Patients in remission or with mild-tomoderate disease activity completed the fatigue questionnaire (FQ),the rating form of IBD patient concerns (RFIPC),the Short-Form 36 (SF-36),and IBD questionnaire (N-IBDQ).In addition,clinical and epidemiological data were obtained.RESULTS:In total,140 patients were included;of which 92 were diagnosed with ulcerative colitis and 48 with Crohn's disease.The mean age of patients with chronic fatigue was 44.2 years (SD=15.8) and for non-fatigued patients was 44.7 years (SD=16.0).Chronic fatigued patients had clinically significantly increased levels of disease-related worries,as measured by Cohen's d effect size.Worries about having an ostomy bag,loss of bowel control,and energy levels were most prominent in both chronic fatigued and non-chronic fatigued IBD patients.Variance inflation factor (VIF) and tolerance indicated that there were no problematic multicolinearity among the FQ,RFIPC,SF-36 and N-IBDQ responses (VIF < 5 and tolerance > 2).CONCLUSION:Chronic fatigue is associated with increased levels of disease-related worries and concerns in IBD.Increased levels of worries were also associated with impaired health-related quality of life. | Lars-Petter Jelsness-Jφrgensen Tomm Bernklev Magne Henriksen Roald Torp Bjφrn Moum | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，5： | 8 |
| 4 | Large-scale fabrication of highly ordered sub-20 nm noble metal nanoparticles on silica substrates without metallic adhesion layers显示文摘Periodic noble metal nanoparticles offer a wide spectrum of applications including chemical and biological sensors,optical devices,and model catalysts due to their extraordinary properties.For sensing purposes and catalytic studies,substrates made of glass or fused-silica are normally required as supports,without the use of metallic adhesion layers.However,precise patterning of such uniform arrays of silica-supported noble metal nanoparticles,especially at sub-100 nm in diameter,is challenging without adhesion layers.In this paper,we report a robust method to large-scale fabricate highly ordered sub-20 nm noble metal nanoparticles,i.e.,gold and platinum,supported on silica substrates without adhesion layers,combining displacement Talbot lithography(DTL)with dry-etching techniques.Periodic photoresist nanocolumns at diameters of~110 nm are patterned on metal-coated oxidized silicon wafers using DTL,and subsequently transferred at a 1:1 ratio into anti-reflection layer coating(BARC)nanocolumns with the formation of nano-sharp tips,using nitrogen plasma etching.These BARC nanocolumns are then used as a mask for etching the deposited metal layer using inclined argon ion-beam etching.We find that increasing the etching time results in coneshaped silica features with metal nanoparticles on the tips at diameters ranging from 100 nm to sub-30 nm,over large areas of 3×3 cm^(2).Moreover,subsequent annealing these sub-30 nm metal nanoparticle arrays at high-temperature results in sub-20 nm metal nanoparticle arrays with~10^(10) uniform particles. | Hai Le-The Erwin Berenschot Roald M.Tiggelaar Niels R.Tas Albert van den Berg Jan C.T.Eijkel | 2018 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2018，4，1： | 3 |
| 5 | 鸟类对欧亚地区高山生活的适应(英文)显示文摘欧亚地区高地鸟类区系的贫乏性 (仅有 75种繁殖于林线之上 )受严酷的自然条件和食物资源短缺所决定。适合这些条件的主要适应是飞行模式 ,包括与之有关的形态特征 ,繁殖时间的选择 ,最优化利用微生境和伪装的巢址选择 ,窝卵数的限制 ,对雏鸟的食物转运模式 ,防护强紫外线辐射和大气干燥。 | Roald L. POTAPOV | 2004 | 动物学报2004，50，6： | 2 |
| 6 | Clinical guide to sports injuries显示文摘 | Roald B Sverre M | 2003 | Human Kinetics2003，，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of mRAD18Sc,a mouse homolog of the yeast postreplicaiton repair gene RAD18显示文摘 | Roald van der Laan Henk P Roest Jos W Hoogerbrugge | 2000 | Genomics2000，69，： | 1 |
| 8 | Injuries among competitive snowboanters at the national elite level显示文摘 | Joern T Roald B | 2005 | American Journal of Sports Medicine2005，33，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Renal handling of radiolabelled human eystatin Cin the rat显示文摘 | Tenstado Roald AB GrubbA | 1996 | Seand J Clin Lab Invest1996，56，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Renal handling of radiolabelled human cystatin C in the rat显示文摘 | Tenstak O Roald AB Grubb A | 1996 | Scand J Clin Lab Invest1996，56，： | 1 |
| 11 | Ubiquitin ligase Rad18Sc localizes to the XY body and to other chromosomal regions that are unpqired and transcriptionally silenced during male meiotic prophase显示文摘 | Roald van der Laan Evert-Jan Uringa Evelyne Wassenaar | 2004 | J Cell Sci2004，117，21： | 1 |
| 12 | Variable Specific Impulse Interplanetary Trajectory Design and Optimization显示文摘 | Sagdeev Roald Karavasilis Konstantinos Ross Brian | 2002 | Advances in the Astronautical Sciences2002，109，： | 1 |
| 13 | Adhesion of leukocytes to growing arterial thrombi显示文摘 | Roald HE LYBERG T | 1998 | Thromb Haemost1998，80，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Reanl handling of radio labeled human Cystatin C in the rat 显示文摘 | Tenstad O Roald AB Grubb A | 1996 | Seand J Clin Lab Invest1996，56，： | 1 |
| 15 | The TiNiSi family of compounds:Structure and bonding显示文摘 | GREGORY A L ROALD H | 1998 | Inorg Chem1998，37，： | 1 |
| 16 | The many faces of CREB 显示文摘 | Willian AC Roald SD Eric JN | 2005 | Neurosciense2005，28，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Platelet activatloni flowing blood passing growing arterial thrombi显示文摘 | H agherg IA Roald HE Lyberg T | 1997 | Arterioscle Tbromb Vasc Biol1997，17，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Platelet activation in flowing blood passing growing arterial thrombi显示文摘 | Hagberg I A Roald H E Lyberg | 1997 | J Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol1997，17，： | 1 |
| 19 | Board Characteristics, Accouting Report Integrity, and the Cost of Debt 显示文摘 | Anderson Roald C Mansi Satmr A Reeb DavidM | 2004 | Journal of Accunting&Econcmics2004，37，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Critical pathway for management of patients with acute coronary syndromes:an assessment bytheNational Heart Attack Alert Program显示文摘 | CHRISTOPHER P CANNON HAND M H ROALD BAHR | 2002 | American Heart Journal2002，143，5： | 1 |
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