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| 1 | Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Cause,Treatment and Metastasis显示文摘In the recent decades, the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been found to be increasing in males in some countries. In China, HCC ranked second of cancer mortality since 1990s. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) and dietary aflatoxin intake remain the major causative factors of HCC. Surgery plays a major role in the treatment of HCC, particularly for small HCC. Downstaging unresectable huge HCC to smaller HCC and followed by resection will probably be a new approach for further study. Liver transplantation is indicated for small HCC, however, some issues remain to be solved.Different modes of 'regional cancer therapy for HCC' have been tried. Systemic chemotherapy has been disappointing in the past but the future can be promising.Biotherapy, such as cytokines, differentiation inducers,anti-angiogenic agents, gene therapy and tumor vaccine will probably play a role, particularly in the prevention of tumor recurrence. HCC invasiveness is currently the major target of study. Tremendous works have been done at the molecular level, which will provide clues for biomarker of HCC progressionas well as targets for intervention. | Zhao-You Tang Liver Cancer Institute & Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University Professor of Surgery Chairman.Liver Cancer Institute of Fudan University(previous Liver Cancer Institute of Shanghai Medical University)136 Yixueyuan Road,Zhongshan Hospital,Shanghai 200032,China. | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，4： | 213 |
| 2 | Effects of glutamine on intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in TPN-rats with endotoxemia显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the protective effect and mechanism ofglutamine on the intestinal barrier function in totalparenteral nutrition (TPN) rats with trauma or endotoxemia.
METHODS: To perform prospective, randomized andcontrolled animal experimentation of rats with surgicaltrauma, TPN and endotoxemia, thirty-four male, adultSprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups: control group (n=8), TPN group (n=9), trauma and endotoxemia group (LPS, n=8) and trauma plus endotoxemia supplemented with glutamine in TPN solution group (Gin.group, n=9). All groups except the control group were given TPN solutions in 7-day experimental period. For Gin group, 1 000 mg/kg/d of glutamine was added to TPN solution during day 1-6. On the 7th day all the animals were gavaged with lactulose (66 mg) and mannitol (50 mg)in 2 mi of normal saline. Then 24 h urine with preservative was collected and kept at -20 ℃. On day 8, under intraperitoneal anesthesia using 100 mg/kg ketamin, the intestine, liver, mesenteric lymph nodes and blood were taken for examination.
RESULTS: The body weight of LPS group decreased most among the four groups. The structure of small intestinal mucosa in TPN group, LPS group and Gln group showed impairments of different degrees, and the damage of small intestinal mucosa in Gln group was remarkably alleviated.The concentrations of interleukins in small intestine mucosa were lower (for IL-4 and IL-6) or the lowest (IL-10) in Gln group. The IgA level in the blood plasma and the mucosa of Gln group was the highest among all of the groups. The urine lactulose/mannitol test showed that the intestinal permeability in LPS group was lower than that in TPN group (P<0.001), but there was no difference between LPS group and Gln group. The rate of bacterial translocation in Gln group was lower than that in LPS group (P<0.02).
CONCLUSION: Prophylactic treatment with glutamine could minimize the increments of intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation caused by trauma and endotoxemia in rats treated with TPN. | Lian-An Ding Jie-Show Li Clinical College of Nanjing University Medical School,305 East Zhongshan Road,Nanjing 210002 Jiangsu Province,China | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，6： | 89 |
| 3 | Current status and prospects of studies on human genetic alleles associated with hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection can cause a broad spectrum diseases, including from asymptomatic HBV carriers or cryptic hepatitis, to acute hepatitis, chronic hepatitis, Liver cirrhosis and primary hepatocellular carcinoma. The variable pattern and clinical outcome of the infection were mainly determined by virological itself factors, host immunological factors and genetic factors as well as the experimental factors. Among the human genetic factors, major candidate or identified genes involved in the process of HBV infection fall into the following categories: (1) genes that mediate the processes of viral entry into hepatocytes, induding genes involved in viral binding, fusion with cellular membrane and transportation in target cells; (2) genes that modulate or control the immune response to HBV infection; (3) genes that participate in the pathological alterations in liver tissue;(4) genes involved in the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with chronic HBV infection, including genes related to mother-to-infant transmission of HBV infection; and (5) those that contribute to resistance to antiviral therapies. Most of the reports of human genes associated with HBV infection have currently focused on HLA associations. For example, some investigators reported the association of the HLA class Ⅱ alleles such as DRB1*1302 or HLA-DR13 or DQA1*0501-DQB1*0301-DQB1*1102 haplotypes with acute and/or chronic hepatitis B virus infection, respectively. Several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Th1 cytokines (including IL-2 and IFN-γ)and TNF-α have been identified to participate the process of viral clearance and host immune response to HBV. In contrast, the Th2 cytokine IL-10 serves as a potent inhibitor of Th1 effector cells in HBV diseases. The MBP polymorphisms in its encoding region were found to be involved in chronic infection. Thus, reports from various laboratories have shown some inconsistencies with regard to the effects of host genetic factors on HBV clearance and persistence. Since genetic interactions are complex, it is unlikely that a single allelic variant is responsible for HBV resistance or susceptibility. However, the collective influence of several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) or haplotype (s)may underlie the natural combinational or synergistic protection against HBV. The future study including the multicohort collaboration will be needed to clarify these preliminary associations and identify other potential candidate genes.The ongoing study of the distributions and functions of the implicated allele polymorphisms will not only provide insight into the pathogenesis of HBV infection, but may also provide a novel rationale for new methods of diagnosis and therapeutic strategies. | Fu-Sheng Wang Division of Biological Engineering,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases,100 Xi Si-Huan-Zhong Road,Beijing 100039,China | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，4： | 84 |
| 4 | Multimodality treatment in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with tumor thrombi in portal vein显示文摘AIM To compare the therapeutic effect andsignificances of multimodality treatment forhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with tumorthrombi in portal vein (PVTT).METHODS HCC patients (n = 147) with tumortrombi in the main portal vein or the first branchof portal vein were divided into four groups bythe several therapeutic methods. There wereconservative treatment group in 18 out ofpatients (group A); and hepatic artery ligation(HAL) and/or hepatic artery infusion (HAl)group in 18 patients (group B), in whompostoberative chemoembolization was doneperiodically; group of removal of HCC with PVTTin 79 (group C) and group of transcatheterhepatic arterial chemoembolization (TACE) orHAl and/or portal vein infusion (PVI) afteroperation in 32 (group D).RESULTS The median survival period was 12months in our series and the 1-, 3-, and 5-yearsurvival rates were 44.3%, 24.5% and 15.2%,respectively. The median survival times were 2,5, 12 and 16 months in group A, B, C and D,respectively. The 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rateswere 5.6%, 0% and 0% in group A; 22.2%,5.6% and 0% in group B; 53.9%, 26.9% and16.6% in group C; 79.3%, 38.9% and 26.8% ingroup D, respectively. Significant differenceappeared in the survival rates among the groups(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Hepatic resection with removalof tumor thrombi and HCC should increase thecurative effects and be encouraged for theprolongation of life span and quality of life forHCC patients with PVTT, whereas the besttherapeutic method for HCC with PVTT is withregional hepatic chemotherapy orchemoemblization after hepatic resection withremoval of tumor thrombi. | Jia Fan Zhi Quan Wu Zhao You Tang Jian Zhou Shuang Jian Qiu Zeng Chen Ma Xin Da Zhou Sheng Long Ye Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University Medical Center (Former Shanghai University), 136 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 80 |
| 5 | Get effective polyclonal antisera in one month显示文摘According to the traditional immunization procedure, after the first injection of the sample A (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's complete adjuvant) to immunize rabbit, successive injections of the sample B (emulsion of aimed antigen and Freund's incomplete adjuvant) were followed every 2-4 weeks. In general,high titer of the corresponding polyclonal antisera will be observed after 4-5 injections of sample B in 3-4months. This report presents a simply modified procedure that was able to stimulate the antisera formation in one month and achieve enough avidity to satisfy either Western blot or immunohistochemistry analysis.It just applied an additional injection of the sample A to the rabbit at the 3rd day after the primary immunization injection. You could gain the high titer of the antisera right after the first sample B injection in one month. This method has produced the desired results in three different recombinant antigens with different molecular weight (5.9 KD-55 KD) expressed from prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. | YUAN XIN HU, Ju YUAN QUO, Lu SHEN, YAN CHEN, Zu CHUAN ZHANG, YONG LIAN ZHANGState Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, | 2002 | Cell Research2002，12，2： | 45 |
| 6 | Changes in the level of serum liver enzymes after laparoscopic surgery显示文摘AIM: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectof laparoscopic surgery on liver function in humans and thepossible mechanisms behind such effect.METHODS: Blood samples from 286 patients whounderwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) and 40patients who underwent open cholecystectomy (OC) weretested for liver function by measuring the level of serumalanine aminotrasferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotrasferase(AST) before and after the operations. The same tests werealso applied to 18 laparoscopic colorectal cancer resection(LCR) patients and 23 open colorectal cancer resection (OCR)patients to determine whether CO2 pneumoperitoneum couldalter the serum liver enzymes.RESULTS: The level of serum ALT and AST increasedsignificantly during the first 48 hours post operations in bothLC and LCR patients. However, no significant change of theserum liver enzymes was detected in both OC and OCRpatients. As a result, there was statistically significantdifference in change of both ALT and AST levels betweenLC and OC patients and LCR and OCR patients, respectively.By the 7th day post operation, the level of both enzymesreturned to normal values in LC, OC and OCR patients exceptLCR patients whose enzymes remained at a higher level.CONCLUSION: Transient elevation of hepatic transaminasesoccurred after laparoscopic surgery. The major causativefactor seemed to be the CO2 pneumoperitoneum. In mostof the laparoscopic surgery patients, the transient elevationof serum liver enzymes showed no apparent clinicalimplications. However, if preoperative liver function was verypoor, laparoscopic surgery may not be the best choice forthe treatment of patients with certain abdominal diseases. | Min Tan Feng-Feng Xu Jun-Shen Peng Dong-Ming Li Liu-Hua Chen Bao-Jun Lv Zhen-Xian Zhao Chen Huang Chao-Xu Zheng Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhong Shah University, 58 Zhongshan 2 Road Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong Province China | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，2： | 42 |
| 7 | Estimation of internal nutrient release in large shallow Lake Taihu, China显示文摘Based on field investigation of wave, sediment suspension and the changes in nutrient concentration of the water column in Lake Taihu, China, we proposed two release models to quantify nutrient release under static and dynamic conditions, respectively. Under static conditions, nutrient release from sediments to the overlying water mainly depends on chemical diffusion induced by concentration gradient, in which the nutrient release is controlled by the temperature, dissolved oxygen concentration in the sediment-water interface, oxidation-reduction potential and the concentration difference between porewater and overlying water. Under dynamic condition (or disturbed condition),both dissolved and particulate nutrients in sediments are released into the water column because of wind-induced sediment suspension. The amount of nutrient release under dynamic conditions is larger than that under the static condition. The release of dissolved nutrients, however, does not increase because the wind induced turbulence made oxidation of metallic elements such as Fe (ferric iron), Mn which are capable of precipitating soluble reactive phosphate (SRP). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, the release of total phosphorus (TP) increases dramatically but the release of SRP is close to those under static conditions. In sediments of Lake Taihu, high Fe content leads to a high ratio of Fe to P contents in sediments (Fe:P ratio). Under dynamic conditions, therefore, nutrient release is controlled by the intensity of disturbance, sediment consolidation and nutrient content in sediments.As for dissolved nutrients, especially SRP, the release is also controlled by the intensity of dynamic re-oxidation, Fe content in sediments and nutrient concentration gradient between porewater and overlying water. Based on these two release modes, the release flux in Lake Taihu has been estimated. In the static condition (i.e. laboratory experimental condition), total release of NH4+-N for whole lake is ca. 10,000 ton/a, and PO43--P is ca. 900 ton/a. In the dynamic condition, nutrient release following sediment suspension was estimated according to three different intensities of wind forcing which were defined as 'calm' (wind speed is less than 2 m/s), 'gentle' (wind speed is greater than 2 m/s and less than 6 m/s) and 'gust' (wind speed is greater than 6 m/s). The release rate in the condition of 'calm' was estimated in terms of the nutrient release in the laboratory experimental static condition; whereas the release rate in conditions of 'gentle' and 'gust' was estimated in terms of measurement during sediment resuspension conducted in flume experiments. With the observation of wind velocity and frequency in 2001, each type of wind forcing took the frequency of 12%, 82% and 6% for 'calm', 'gentle' and 'gust', respectively. The yearly release of nitrogen was 81,000 ton and phosphorus was 21,000 ton, which is about 2-6 folds of annual external loading, respectively. | QIN Boqiang, ZHU Guangwei, ZHANG Lu, LUO Liancong, GAO Guang & GU Binhe Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China Everglades Department, South Florida Water Management District, 3301 Gun Club Road, West Palm Beach, FL 33406, USA | 2006 | Science China Earth Sciences2006，49，z1： | 37 |
| 8 | Mathematical Models for Combined Refraction-Diffraction of Waves on Non-Uniform Current and Depth显示文摘Two mathematical models for combined refraction-diffraction of regular and irregular waves on non-uniform current in water of slowly varying topography are presented in this paper. Model I is derived by wave theory and variational principle separately. It has two kinds of expressions including the dissipation term. Model n is based on the energy conservation equation with energy flux through the wave crest lines in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates and the wave kinematic conservation equation. The analysis and comparison and special cases of these two models are also given. | Hong Guangwen Professor, Research Institute of Coastal and Ocean Engineering, Hohai University, 1 Xikang Road, Nanjing 210024 | 1996 | China Ocean Engineering1996，11，4： | 35 |
| 9 | Reduction of the incidence and mortality of rectal cancer bypolypectomy:a prospective cohort study in Haining County显示文摘AIM: To reduce the incidence and morlality of rectal cancerand address the hypothesis that colorectal cancer often arisefrom precursor lesion (s), either adenomas or non-alenomatous polyps, by conducting a population-basedmass screening for colorectal cancer in Haining County,Zhejiang, PRCMETHODS: From 1977 to 1980, physicians screened thepopulation of Haining County using 15 cm rigid endoscopy.Of over 240 000 participants, 4076 of them were diagnoselwith Precursor Iesions, eitler alenomas or non-adenomatous polyps, which were then removedl surgically.All individuals with precursor lesionswere followed up andreexamined by endoscopy every two to five years upto 1998.RESULTS: After the initial screening, 953 metactronousadenomas and 417 non-adenomatous polyps ware detected andremoved from the members of this cohort. Further, 27 cases ofcolorectal cancer were detected and treated. Log-rank tuestsshowed that the survival time among those cancer patients whounderwent mass screening increased significantly comparedtothat of other colorectal cancer patients (P < 0.0001). Accordingto the population-based cancer registry in Haining County,age-adjusted incidence and mortality of rectal cancer decreasedby 41% and 29 % from 1977-1981 to 1992-1996, respectively.Observed cumulative 20-year rectal cancer incidence was 31%lower than the expected in the screened group; the mortalitydue to rectal cancer was 18 % lower thah the expected in thescreened group.CONCLUSION: Mass screening for rectal cancer andprecursor lesions with protocoscopy in the generalpopulation and periodical following-up with routineendoscopy for high-risk patients may decrease both theincidence and mortality of rectal cancer. | Shu Zheng Xi-Yong Liu Qi Dong,Cancer Institute,Zhejiang University,88 Jiefang Road,HangZhou 310009,Zhejiang Province,China Ke-feng Ding Lin-Bo Wang Pei-Lin Qiu Su-Zhan Zhang,The 2~(nd)affiliated Hospital,Medical School of Zhejiang University,88 Jiefang Road,HangZhou 310009,Zhejiang Province,China Xin-Feng Ding Yong-Zhou Shen Gao-Fei Shen Oi-Rong Sun Wei-Dong Li,Haining Cancer Institute,Haining 314400,Zhejiang Province,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，3： | 37 |
| 10 | Targeting Gene-Virotherapy of Cancer and its prosperity显示文摘为癌症的基因和病毒的治疗显示出一些治疗学的效果,但是有真实突破的缺乏。为了达到肿瘤的完全的消除的目标,在动物的异种皮移植当模特儿,我们开发了叫的新策略指向癌症的 Gene-Virotherapy,它试图联合基因治疗和 virotherapy 的优点。这新策略独自比基因或病毒的治疗生产了更强壮的反肿瘤效果。肿瘤特定的 replicative 侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌向量,指定了为 ZD55,被侵入人体气管粘膜的病菌的 55kDa E1B 区域的删除构造。结果病毒的构造不仅由明确地指向 p53 保留类似的功能到 ONYX-015 否定肿瘤,而且允许各种各样的治疗学的基因到的插入由于最新介绍的克隆的地点形成适当 ZD55 衍生物,与原来的 ONYX-015 病毒不可行的一项任务。我们证明反肿瘤一如此的衍生物完成, ZD55-IL-24,比 ZD55 virotherapy 或 Ad-IL-24 基因治疗的是乘更多的有势力的至少 100。不过,由 ZD55-IL-24 的使用的肿瘤质量的完全的消除是仅仅在一些然而并非所有老鼠观察了,显示那一治疗学的基因不对“痊愈”足够这些老鼠。有互补或合作的效果的基因是什么时候,独立克隆进 ZD55 向量并且在联合使用了(指定了为双基因治疗策略) ,好一些的结果被获得;并且如果二合适的基因被选择,在所有老鼠完成所有异种皮移植肿瘤群众的完全的消除是可能的。更全面的研究将多半为临床的试用基于这新策略导致一个协议。最后,为癌症治疗的两倍控制指向的病毒双的基因治疗的概念,和在癌症干细胞的最近的进步的含意也被讨论。 | Xin Yuan Liu~(1,2) ~1Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,320 Yue Yang Road,Shanghai 200031,China ~2Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology,School of Life Science,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China | 2006 | Cell Research2006，16，11： | 32 |
| 11 | Nuclear factor kB activity in patients with acute severe cholangitis显示文摘瞄准:在外部血决定 NF-kB 活动在有严重类型(ACST ) 和相互关联的尖锐胆管炎的病人的单音的原子房间(PBMC ) 有胆汁的道感染和临床的结果的严厉的 NF-kB 激活的度。方法:有 ACST 的二十个病人被划分成幸存者组(13 个盒子) 并且非幸存者组(7 个盒子) 。经历选任的 gastrectomy 或腹股沟的脱肠修理的另外的十个病人作为控制组被选择。外部血样品手术后地被花 24 个小时。PBMC 被密度坡度 centrifugation 分开,然后原子的蛋白质从 PBMC 被孤立,并且 Electrophoretic 活动性移动试金(EMSA ) 使用了坚定。结果被扫描一个简历图象分析系统的 densitometer 确定并且表示了同样相对的光密度(杆) 。在有 ACST 和健康控制题目的病人的血浆的 TNF-alpha, IL-6,和 IL-10 的层次被使用连接酶的免疫分析(ELISA ) 决定。结果:NF-kB 活动是 5.02 +/- 1.03 在里面非幸存者组, 0.51 在幸存者组织的 2.98 +/- 和 1.06 +/- 0.34 在控制组。在三个组(P<0.05 ) 有统计差别。在血浆的 TNF-alpha 和 IL-6 的层次是( 498 +/- 53 ) ng.L ( -1)and ( 587 +/- 64 ) ng.L ( -1)in 非幸存者组,( 284 +/- 32 ) ng.L (-1)并且( 318 +/- 49 ) ng.L ( -1)in 幸存者组并且( 89 +/- 11 ) ng.L (-1)并且( 102 +/-13 ) ng.L ( -1)in 控制组。有 ACST 的所有病人增加了 TNF-alpha 和 IL-6 的层次,它是控制组的比那些大的许多褶层,并且有一条证据在那些显著地高级非幸存者组比那在幸存者组(P<0.05 ) 。在血浆的 IL-10 的层次是(378+/-32 ) ng.L (-1),(384+/-37 ) ng.L (-1) 并且(68+/-11 ) ng.L (在三个组的 -1) 分别地。当与控制相比组(P<0.05 ) ,而是 IL-10 层次不是显著地更高级的在时,所有病人也增加了 IL-10 的层次非幸存者比在幸存者(P>0.05 ) 。结论:在在有 ACST 的病人的 PBMC 的 NF-kB 活动显著地增加并且 NF-kB 激活的度与胆汁的道感染和临床的结果的严厉被相关。 | Jian-Ping Gong Chong-An Liu Chuan-Xin Wu Sheng-Wei Li Yu Jun Shi Xu-Hong Li,Department of General Surgery,The Second College of Clinical Medicine & the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Science,74 Linjiang Road,Central District,Chongqing 400010,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，2： | 31 |
| 12 | A SELF-ADAPTIVE TRUST REGION ALGORITHM显示文摘In this paper we propose a self-adaptive trust region algorithm.The trust region radius is updated at a varable rate according to the ratio between the actual reduction and the predicted reduction of the objective function,rather than by simply enlarging or reducing the original trust region radius at a constant rate.We show that this new algorithm preserves the strong convergence property of traditional trust region methods.Numerical results are also presented. | Long Hei (Institute of Computational Mathematics and Scientific/Engineering Computing, Academy ofMathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China)(Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences Northwestern University C2SO,2145 Sheridan Road Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA) | 2003 | Journal of Computational Mathematics2003，21，2： | 29 |
| 13 | Environmental records of lacustrine sediments in different time scales:Sediment grain size as an example显示文摘Sediment grain size is a conventional proxy of climatic changes. Larger sediment grain size is often interpreted to indicate dry climate during lower lake level while smaller sedi- ment grain size implies wet climate during higher lake level. Through detailed study on sediment grain sizes in Lake Erhai and Lake Chenghai, this paper reveals the different indication signifi- cances of sediment grain sizes in different time scales, different resolution investigations. For long time-scale and low resolution (102a or 103a) studies, larger sediment grain size indicates lower lake level, smaller lake area and drier climate while smaller sediment grain size indicates higher lake level, larger lake area and wetter climate. For short time-scale and high resolution (a or 10a) studies, larger sediment grain size reflects more rainfall and wetter climate while smaller sediment grain size reflects less rainfall and drier climate. Environmental information revealed by lacustrine sediment records is often different in different time scales because of the variance of sedimentation resolution, sampling resolution and dating precision. Therefore, paleoclimate im- plications of environmental proxies in long time-scale and low resolution investigations could not be mechanically applied to short time-scale and high resolution studies. Only after synthetically analyzing the influence manner and extent of all factors on the sediment records in different time scales, can credible conclusions be obtained. | CHEN Jing’an1, WAN Guojiang1, David Dian Zhang2, ZHANG Feng1 & HUANG Ronggui1 1. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China 2. Department of Geography and Geology, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China | 2004 | Science China Earth Sciences2004，47，10： | 27 |
| 14 | U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROGRAMS AND INVESTIGATIONS RELATED TO SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION显示文摘The U.S. Geological Survey has a rich tradition of collecting hydrologic data, especially for fluxes of water and suspended sediment, that provide a foundation for studies of soil and water conservation. Applied and basic research has included investigations of the effects of land use on rangelands, croplands, and forests; hazards mapping; derivation of flood and drought frequency, and other statistics related to streamflow and reservoir storage; development and application of models of rainfall-runoff relations, chemical quality, and sediment movement; and studies of the interactive processes of overland and channel flow with vegetation. Networks of streamgaging stations and (or) sampling sites within numerous drainage basins are yielding information that extends databases and enhances the ability to use those data for interpretive studies. | W. R. OSTERKAMP and J. R. GRAY Research Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey, 1675 W. Anklam Road, Tucson, AZ 85745 U. S. A. Hydrologist, U. S. Geological Survey, 415 National Center, Reston, VA 20192 U. S. A. | 2001 | International Journal of Sediment Research2001，16，3： | 22 |
| 15 | Preparation of human single chain Fv antibody against hepatitis C virus E2 protein and its identification in immunohistochemistry显示文摘AIM: To screen human single chain Fv antibody (scFv)against hepatitis C virus E2 antigen and identify its applicationin immunohistochemistry.METHODS: The phage antibody library was panned by HCVE2 antigen, which was coated in microtiter plate. After fiverounds of biopanning,56 phage clones were identified specificto HCV E2 antigen. The selected scFv clones were digestedby SfiI/NotI and DNA was sequenced. Then it was subclonedinto the vector pCANTABSE for expression as E-taggedsoluble scFv. The liver tissue sections from normal personand patients with chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis Cwere immunostained with HCV E2 scFv antibody.RESULTS: The data of scFv-E2 DNA digestion and DNAsequencing showed that the scFv gene is composed of 750bp. ELISA and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that thehuman single chain Fy antibody against hepatitis C E2 antigenhas a specific binding character with hepatitis virus E2 antigenand paraffin-embedded tissue, but did not react with liver tissuesfrom healthy persons or patients with chronic hepatitis B.CONCLUSION: We have successfully screened andidentified HCV E2 scFv and the scFv could be used in theimmunostaining of liver tissue sections from patients withchronic hepatitis C. | Yan-Wei Zhong Jun Cheng Gang Wang Shuang-Shuang Shi Li Li Ling-Xia Zhang Ju-Mei Chen Gene Therapy Research Center,Institute of Infectious Diseases,302 Hospital of PLA,26 Fengtai Road,Beijing 100039,China | 2002 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2002，8，5： | 21 |
| 16 | 2020年中国植物油料加工和油脂加工技术研究发展规划意见显示文摘为了使中国植物油脂加工业有一个健康有序的可持续发展。根据中国科协的统一安排,中国粮油学会油脂专业分会在调查研究和广泛征求意见的基础上,提出了'2020年中国植物油料加工和油脂加工技术研究发展规划意见',对中国植物油脂加工、大豆蛋白、油脂机械设备等专题的现状、存在问题和研究发展提出了中长期发展规划,并对上述规划的落实提出了具体建议和措施。这将为我国油脂行业的可持续发展指明方向。 | Oils and Fats Sub-association of China Cereals and Oils Association (118 Laodong Road,711082 Xi’an, China) | 2004 | 中国油脂2004，29，1： | 20 |
| 17 | Serum thymosin β4 levels in patients with hepatitis B virus-related liver failure显示文摘AIM:To investigate whether serum thymosinβ4 can provide diagnostic or prognostic information in liver failure patients caused by chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection. METHODS:Serum thymosinβ4 levels were measured in 30 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure(ACLF), 31 patients with chronic liver failure(CLF),30 patients with compensated liver cirrhosis(CR)and 32 patients with chronic hepatitis B and 30 healthy controls.Serum thymosinβ4 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Child-Pugh and model for end-stage liver disease(MELD)scores were calculated for each patient on admission.RESULTS:Compared with healthy controls,serum thymosinβ4 levels in ACLF,CLF,CR and chronic hepatitis B patients were significantly lower,6.5047 (4.7879-10.5314)μg/mL vs 0.4632(0.2759-0.8768) μg/mL,0.6981(0.5209-1.2008)μg/mL,1.8053 (0.8110-2.3397)μg/mL,3.7803(1.8570-6.4722)μg/mL, respectively(P<0.001).The levels of thymosinβ4 in liver failure(ACLF or CLF)patients were markedly lower than that in CR(P<0.001),and a difference was also found between CLF and ACLF patients(P=0.038).In patients with chronic liver disease,there was a positive relationship between thymosinβ4 levels and albumin, choline esterase,and platelet(P<0.001),and negative relationship with alanine aminotransferase(P=0.020), aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,international normalized ratio of prothrombin time,and Child-Pugh and MELD scores(P<0.001).Of the 61 liver failure patients,the thymosinβ4 levels of non-survivors were significantly lower than that of survivors(P=0.007). Receiver operating characteristics analysis identified a thymosinβ4 cutoff level of 0.5708μg/mL for predicting poor prognosis in all liver failure patients.The serial thymosinβ4 values were observed in 13 liver failure inpatients.Lower initial values were observed in the death.While greater improvement in thymosinβ4 value was found in those who recovered from the disease. CONCLUSION:Serum thymosinβ4 can be used as an important potential predictor for liver failure caused by chronic HBV infection. | Tao Han,Ying Liu,Huan Liu,Zheng-Yan Zhu,Yan Li,Shi-Xiang Xiao,Zhen Guo,Zhen-Gang Zhao,Department of Hepatology,Tianjin Institute of Hepatobiliary Disease,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cells,Tianjin Third Central Hospital,Tianjin Medical University,83 Jintang Road,Tianjin 300170, China | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，5： | 20 |
| 18 | Combining Ridge with No-Tillage in Lowland Rice-Based Cropping System: Long-Term Effect on Soil and Rice Yield显示文摘A tillage method of combining ridge with no-tillage (RNT) was employed in lowland rice-based cropping system to study the long-term effects of RNT on soil profile pattern, soil water stable aggregate distribution, nutrients stratification and yields of rice and post-rice crops. After flooded paddy field (FPF) was practiced with RNT for a long time, soil profile changed from G to A-P-G, and horizon G was shifted to a deeper position in the profile. Also the proportion of macroaggregate (> 2 mm) increased, whereas the proportion of silt and clay (< 0.053 mm) decreased under RNT, indicating a better soil structure that will prevent erosion. RNT helped to control leaching and significantly improved total N, P, K and organic matter in soil. The highest crop yields were found under RNT system every year, and total crop yields were higher under conventional paddy-upland rotation tillage (CR) than under FPF, except in 2003 and 2006 when serious drought occurred. RNT was proven to be a better tillage method for lowland rice-based cropping system. | JIANG Xian-Jun2 and XIE De-Ti College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, 216 Tiansheng Road, Beibei, Chongqing 400716 (China) | 2009 | Pedosphere2009，19，4： | 17 |
| 19 | Some Concepts and Mathematical Consideration of Similarity System Theory | ZHOU MeiliDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Anhui Institute of Technology 111 Lu An Road, Hefei 230069, the People’s Republic of China | 1992 | Systems Science and Systems Engineering1992，2，1： | 17 |
| 20 | Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Act as the Most Competent Cell Type in Linking Antiviral Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses显示文摘Appropriate in vivo control of plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) recruitment and activation is a fundamental requirement for defense against viral infection. During this process, a pivotal event that influences the outcome of viral infection is the production of high levels of type I interferon by pDCs. In particular, recent research findings showed that pDCs not only shape the nature of innate resistance, but are also responsible for the successful transition from innate to adaptive immunity for viral resistance. In addition, pDCs can differentiate into antigen presenting cells that may regulate tolerance to a given pathogen. Importantly, in a series of recent clinical studies,pDCs appeared to be defective in number and function in conditions of chronic viral diseases such as infected with HIV-1, HBV or HCV. pDC-associated clinical antiviral therapy is also emerging. This review describes research findings exanining the functional and antiviral properties of in vivo pDC plasticity. | Zheng Zhang~1 Fu-Sheng Wang~(1,2) ~1Research Center of Biological Therapy,Beijing 302 Hospital,Beijing 100039,China ~2Research Centre of Biological Therapy,Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases,Beijing 302 Hospital,100 Xi Si Huan Middle Road,Beijing 100039,China. | 2005 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2005，2，6： | 16 |
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