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| 1 | Enteral nutrition and immune modulation of acute pancreatitis显示文摘Enteral nutrition has been strongly recommended by major scientific societies for the nutritional management of patients with acute pancreatitis.Providing severe acute pancreatitis patients with enteral nutrition within the first 24-48 h of hospital admission can help improve outcomes compared to parenteral nutrition and no feeding.New research is focusing in on when and what to feed to best improve outcomes for acute pancreatitis patients.Early enteral nutrition have the potential to modulate the immune responses.Despite this consistent evidence of early enteral nutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis,clinical practice continues to vary due to individual clinician preference.Achieving the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition heavily depend on proper placement of the feeding tube and managing any tube feeding associated complications.The current article reviews the immune modulating effects of enteral nutrition and pro-and prebiotics and suggests some practical tools that help improve the patient adherence and tolerance to the tube feeding.Proper selection of the type of the tube,close monitoring of the tube for its placement,patency and securing its proper placement and routine checking the gastric residual volume could all help improve the outcome.Using peptide-based and high medium chaintriglycerides feeding formulas help improving feeding tolerance. | Refaat A Hegazi Tiffany De Witt | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，43： | 24 |
| 2 | Prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and its relationship with socio-demographics and hygienic habits among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia显示文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of different intestinal parasitic infections among male primary schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa,Saudi Arabia,and to explore the possible relative socioeconomic, environmental and behavioural sanitary correlates.Methods:A cross-sectional descriptive study was performed.A total of 1 289 male students aged from 7 to 12 years were selected randomly from 20 urban and 12 rural primary schools by multistage sampling method. Data collection was carried out by self administered questionnaire form to the parents/guardians of students and included inquires about socio-demographics,environmental conditions,and behavioural sanitary habits.Stool analysis was carried out to examine the presence of intestinal parasitic infections.Results:Overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 27.2%,more among rural students.Frequently encountered infections included Entamoeba histolytica/dispar(8.2%), Giardia lamblia(6.5%),Entamoeba coli(4.0%) and Enterobius vermicularis(1.6%).Logistic regression revealed that lower maternal educational level and occupational status,low family income,big family size,poor personal hygienic practices and positive history of previous intestinal infections among family members increased the likelihood of infections.Conclusions: Although of low magnitude,intestinal parasitic infections still represent a public health concern among male schoolchildren in Al-Ahsa region.Socio-demographic and poor personal hygienic habits are the main predictors for these infections. | Hamdan Ibrahim Al-Mohammed Tarek Tawfik Amin Elsayed Aboulmagd Hatem Refaat Hablus Burhan Omar Zaza | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，11： | 3 |
| 3 | Effect of Sirtuin 1 inhibition on matrix metalloproteinase 2 and Forkhead box O3a expression in breast cancer cells显示文摘Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide.Sirtuin 1(SIRT1)has recently been shown to have implications in regulating cancer cell growth and apoptosis.SIRT1 regulates Forkhead box O3a(FOXO3a)by both inhibiting FOXO3-induced apoptosis and potentiating the ability of FOXO3a to resist oxidative stress.Matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2)participates in tumor invasion and metastasis by degrading extracellular matrix.SIRT1 up regulates MMP2 expression by its deacetylation activity.This study aimed to investigate the expression of SIRT1,FOXO3a and MMP2 in breast tissues of women with breast cancer.In addition,the effect of SIRT1 inhibition on both FOXO3a and MMP2 expression in breast cancer(MCF-7)cells was assessed.The expression levels of SIRT1,FOXO3a and MMP2 in the breast tissues were determined by real-time PCR in 60 patients with malignant tumor and in 24 patients with benign tumors.After SIRT1 inhibition,protein levels of SIRT1 and FOXO3a were assessed by Western Blot and levels of MMP2 by ELISA in MCF-7 cells.The expression levels of SIRT1,FOXO3a and MMP2 were significantly higher in breast cancer tissues compared to in benign breast tumor and adjacent normal tissues.SIRT1,MMP2 and FOXO3a expression were associated directly with each other.SIRT1 inhibition suppresses MMP2 and FOXO3a expression compared to control MCF7.Sirtinol(SIRT1 inhibitor)effectively induced inhibition of MMP2 and FOXO3a expression in MCF-7 cells,indicating the promising therapeutic strategy of targeting SIRT1 for breast cancer. | Hanan Abdelmawgoud Rehab Refaat El Awady | 2017 | Genes & Diseases2017，4，4： | 3 |
| 4 | A secure image steganography algorithm based on least significant bit and integer wavelet transform显示文摘The rapid development of data communication in modern era demands secure exchange of information. Steganography is an established method for hiding secret data from an unauthorized access into a cover object in such a way that it is invisible to human eyes. The cover object can be image, text, audio,or video. This paper proposes a secure steganography algorithm that hides a bitstream of the secret text into the least significant bits(LSBs) of the approximation coefficients of the integer wavelet transform(IWT) of grayscale images as well as each component of color images to form stego-images. The embedding and extracting phases of the proposed steganography algorithms are performed using the MATLAB software. Invisibility, payload capacity, and security in terms of peak signal to noise ratio(PSNR) and robustness are the key challenges to steganography. The statistical distortion between the cover images and the stego-images is measured by using the mean square error(MSE) and the PSNR, while the degree of closeness between them is evaluated using the normalized cross correlation(NCC). The experimental results show that, the proposed algorithms can hide the secret text with a large payload capacity with a high level of security and a higher invisibility. Furthermore, the proposed technique is computationally efficient and better results for both PSNR and NCC are achieved compared with the previous algorithms. | ELSHAZLY Emad ABDELWAHAB Safey ABOUZAID Refaat ZAHRAN Osama ELARABY Sayed ELKORDY Mohamed | 2018 | Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2018，29，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Phytochemical and biological activities of Crataegus sinaica growing in Egypt显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the cardiac activity and hepatoprotection of Crataegus sinaica (C.sinaica).Methods:All the isolated compounds were isolated by open-column liquid chromatography(CC) using sephadex LH-20 as stationary phase.Elution of the column was performed with EtOH or MeOH.The phytochemical investigation of the young stem of C.sinaica for the first time together with the leaves and flowers lead to the isolation and identification of quercetin,hyperoside,vitexin-2'-0-rhamnoside,epicatechin,procyanidin B2 and procyanidins CI.Results:Rats treated with the low and high dose of C.sinaica leaves with flowers extract showed 15%and 17%reduction in the heart rate,and reduction in the STsegment by 107%and 57%;respectively.The T-amplitude was decreased by 59%of the high dose extract.On the other hand,the young steins and leaves with flowers extracts of C.sinaica on primary culture of rat hepatocytes monolayer indicated a hepatoprotection for the total extract,ethyl acetate,butanol,and chlor of orm fractions at 100μg/mL,75μg/mL,50μg/mL,and 25μg/mL; respectively.Conclusions:The results of these chemical and biological studies suggest the use of C.sinaica growing in Egypt as a preventive drug against cardiovascular and hepatic diseases. The chemical studies suggest the use of woody young stems as a newly investigated bioactive organ.The extraction of unsaturated fatty acids from the seeds of the plant would serve as a good health and nutritive product. | Alaa Tawfeek Refaat Abdelaaty Abdelaziz Shahat Nermine Ahmed Ehsan Nemat Yassin Faiza Hammouda Elsayed Abou Tabl Shams Imbabi Ismail | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Percutaneous destruction and alcohol-isation for the management of osteoid osteoma显示文摘 | Refaat H Koth S | 2003 | 69 (5):447-4512003，69，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Evaluation of the effect of losartan and methotrexate combined therapy in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats显示文摘 | Refaat R Salama M Abdel Meguid E | 2013 | Eur J Pharmacol2013，698，13： | 1 |
| 8 | The combined effect of metformin and 1-cysteine on inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin resistance in streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in rats显示文摘 | Salman ZK Refaat R Selima E | 2013 | Eur J Pharmacol2013，714，： | 1 |
| 9 | Frequency and risk factors of contrast-induced nephropathy after cardiac catheterization in type II diabetic patients: a study among Egyptian patients 显示文摘 | Sany D Refaat H Elshahawy Y | 2014 | Ren Fail2014，36，2： | 1 |
| 10 | The expression of MUC1 in human Fallopian tube during the menstrual cycle and in ectopic pregnancy 显示文摘 | A1-Azemi M Refaat B Aplin J | 2009 | Hum Reprod2009，24，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Association of CASQ2 poly- morphisms with sudden cardiac arrest and heart failure in patients with coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Refaat MM Aouizerat BE Pullinger CR | 2014 | Heart Rhythm2014，11，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Anticancer and ra- diosensitizing evaluation of some new pyranothiazole-Schiff bases bearing the biologically active sulfonamide moiety显示文摘 | Ghorab MM Shaaban MA Refaat HM | 2012 | Eur J Med Chem2012，53，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Ectopic pregnancy secondary to in vitro fertilisation-embryo transfer: pathogenic mechanisms and management strategies 显示文摘 | Refaat B Dalton E Ledger WE | 2015 | Reprod Biol Endocrinol2015，13，： | 1 |
| 14 | Gear mesh excitation models for assessing gear rattle and gear whine of torque transmission systems with planetary gear sets显示文摘 | Jeffrey A Morgan Maruthi R Dhulipudi Refaat Y Yakoub | 2007 | SAE Paper2007，，： | 1 |
| 15 | Structure analy-sis and antitumor activity of the exopolysaccharide from probiot-ic Lactobacillus plantarum NRRL B-4496 in vitro and in vivo显示文摘 | Haroun BM Refaat BM El-Menoufy HA | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Prediction of system-level gear rattle using multibody and vibro-acoustic techniques显示文摘 | Refaat Y Yakoub Michele Corrado Aniell Forcelli | 2004 | SAE Paper2004，，： | 1 |
| 17 | Asymmetrical three-DOFs rotational-translational parallel-kinematics mechanisms on Lie group theory显示文摘 | Refaat S Herve J M Nahavandi S | 2006 | European Journal of Mechanics-A/Solid2006，25，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Sb-based two-color photodetector fabrication and characterization显示文摘 | Refaat T F Abedin M N Bhat I B | 2005 | Optical Engineering2005，44，12： | 1 |
| 19 | An overview of the history and biologic properties of tumor necrosis factors显示文摘 | M. Refaat Shalaby Diane Pennica Michael A. Palladino | 1986 | Springer Seminars in Immunopathology1986，，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Synthesis and anticancer activity of some novel 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives 显示文摘 | Refaat HM | 2010 | Eur J Med Chem2010，45，7： | 1 |
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