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| 1 | BCLC策略:预后预测和治疗推荐2022版更新显示文摘2018版BCLC预后和治疗推荐策略发布后,肝细胞癌(简称HCC)的研究又取得了重大进展。本次更新基于肝癌各领域的研究进展结果。重点关注影响策略的重要研究进展。虽然近年的研究结果成绩斐然,但将其引入为临床医生和研究者提供行动依据的循证模型指南来说证据效力依然不够确切。本文对该问题进行分析,阐述了为HCC患者制定个体化治疗临床决策所需的批判性思维和专业知识。 | Reig M Forner A Rimola J Ferrer-Fabrega J Burrel M Garcia-Criado A Kelley RK Galle PR Mazzaferro V Salem R Sangro B Singal AG Vogel A Fuster J Ayuso C Bruix J 刘永凡(摘译) 崔笑(摘译) 耿小平(审校) | 2022 | 肝胆外科杂志2022，30，5： | 80 |
| 2 | From fatty liver to fibrosis:A tale of “second hit”显示文摘Although much is known about how fat accumulates in the liver,much remains unknown about how this causes sustained hepatocellular injury.The consequences of injury are recognized as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) and progressive fibrosis.The accumulation of fat within the hepatocytes sensitizes the liver to injury from a variety of causes and the regenerative capacity of a fatty liver is impaired.An additional stressor is sometimes referred to as a 'second hit' in a paradigm that identifies the accumulation of fat as the 'first hit'.Possible candidates for the second hit include increased oxidative stress,lipid peroxidation and release of toxic products such as malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxynonenal,decreased antioxidants,adipocytokines,transforming growth factor(TGF)-β,Fas ligand,mitochondrial dysfunction,fatty acid oxidation by CYPs(CYP 2E1,4A10 and 4A14),and peroxisomes,excess iron,small intestinal bacterial overgrowth,and the generation of gut-derived toxins such as lipopolysaccharide and ethanol.Oxidative stress is one of the most popular proposed mechanisms of hepatocellular injury.Previous studies have specifically observed increased plasma and tissue levels of oxidative stress markers and lipid peroxidation products,with reduced hepatic and plasma levels of antioxidants.There is also some indirect evidence of the benefit of antioxidants such as vitamin E,S-adenosylmethionine,betaine,phlebotomy to remove iron,and N-acetylcysteine in NASH.However,a causal relationship or a pathogenic link between NASH and oxidative stress has not been established so far.A number of sources of increased reactive oxygen species production have been established in NASH that include proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,iron overload,overburdened and dysfunctional mitochondria,CYPs,and peroxisomes.Briefly,the pathogenesis of NASH is multifactorial and excess intracellular fatty acids,oxidant stress,ATP depletion,and mitochondrial dysfunction are important causes of hepatocellular injury in the steatotic liver. | Metin Basaranoglu Gkcen Basaranoglu Hakan Sentürk | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 28 |
| 3 | 术中胆道造影在腹腔镜胆囊切除术中发现胆道损伤的作用显示文摘目的评估术中胆道造影 (IOC)在早期发现腹腔镜胆囊切除术 (LC)术中胆道损伤的作用。方法回顾分析 31例LC术后胆道损伤的部位、机理、诊断时间、治疗方法及结果 ,并对是否行IOC进行评估。结果胆道错认引起胆道损伤共 19例 ,其中 12例IOC显示胆道错认 ,致胆道部分切开损伤 ,腹腔镜下行Ⅰ期修复或开腹修复、T管引流 ,但无并发症 ;19例中 3例IOC误读及 4例未行IOC患者中发生迷走胆管损伤 2例 ,胆总管完全离断 1例 ,胆总管完全离断合并胆道缺损 2例。本组有 2例损伤发生于IOC后。结论行IOC并正确阅读可及时发现腹腔镜胆囊切除术中胆道错认所致的胆道损伤 。 | 李立波 蔡秀军 李君达 牟一平 王先法 王跃东 袁晓明 魏琪 Finley RK | 2002 | 中华普通外科杂志2002，17，1： | 23 |
| 4 | Fructose as a key player in the development of fatty liver disease显示文摘We aimed to investigate whether increased consumption of fructose is linked to the increased prevalence of fatty liver.The prevalence of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) is 3% and 20% in nonobese and obese subjects,respectively.Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflam-m-atory condition and obesity-related cytokines such as interleukin-6,adiponectin,leptin,and tumor necrosis factor-α may play important roles in the developm-ent of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Additionally,the prevalence of NASH associated with both cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinom-a was reported to be high am-ong patients with type 2 diabetes with or without obesity.Our research group previously showed that consumption of fructose is associated with adverse alterations of plasma lipid profiles and metabolic changes in m-ice,the Am-erican Lifestyle-Induced Obesity Syndrom-e m-odel,which included consum-ption of a high-fructose corn syrup in amounts relevant to that consum-ed by som-e Am-ericans.The observation reinforces the concerns about the role of fructose in the obesity epidem-ic.Increased availability of fructose(e.g.,high-fructose corn syrup) increases not only abnorm-al glucose flux but also fructose m-etabolism-in the hepatocyte.Thus,the anatomic position of the liver places it in a strategic buffering position for absorbed carbohydrates and am-ino acids.Fructose was previously accepted as a beneficial dietary com-ponent because it does not stim-ulate insulin secretion.However,since insulin signaling plays an important role in central m-echanism-s of NAFLD,this property of fructose m-ay be undesirable.Fructose has a selective hepatic m-etabolism,and provokes a hepatic stress response involving activation of c-Jun N-term-inal kinases and subsequent reduced hepatic insulin signaling.As high fat diet alone produces obesity,insulin resistance,and som-e degree of fatty liver with m-inim-al inflam-m-ation and no fibrosis,the fast food diet which includes fructose and fats produces a gene expression signature of increased hepatic fibrosis,inflam-m-ation,endoplasm-ic reticulumstress and lipoapoptosis.Hepatic de novo lipogenesis(fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis) is increased in patients with NAFLD.Stable-isotope studies showed that increased de novo lipogenesis(DNL) in patients with NAFLD contributed to fat accum-ulation in the liver and the developm-ent of NAFLD.Specifically,DNL was responsible for 26% of accum-ulated hepatic triglycerides and 15%-23% of secreted very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides in patients with NAFLD com-pared to an estim-ated less than 5% DNL in healthy subjects and 10% DNL in obese people with hyperinsulinem-ia.In conclusion,understanding the underlying causes of NAFLD form-s the basis for rational preventive and treatm-ent strategies of this m-ajor form-of chronic liver disease. | Metin Basaranoglu Gokcen Basaranoglu Tevfik Sabuncu Hakan Sentürk | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，8： | 14 |
| 5 | 类风湿关节炎患者骨密度与疾病活动相关性的临床观察显示文摘目的探讨类风湿关节炎(RA)患者发生骨量丢失的原因,为早期预防RA患者骨质疏松提供理论依据。方法前瞻性观察86例RA患者,收集患者基线及两年后的一般临床资料和疾病活动相关指标,并同时用双能X线骨密度仪测量患者6个部位的骨密度。结果22例患者(25.6%)有至少一个检测部位骨质疏松;34例患者(39.5%)表现为至少一个检测部位骨量低下。在随访两年中,桡尺骨远端及前臂的BMD明显下降(P〈0.005);代表局部骨量变化的桡尺骨远端、前臂及手的BMD与代表全身骨量变化的股骨颈、腰椎和全身的BMD有很好的相关性(r:0.599-0.806,P〈0.001)。BMD与疾病活动指标(包括ESR、CRP、HAQ、RAI、DAS、28个关节肿胀指数及ACR功能分级)均无相关性;但多元回归分析示基线RF升高为观察两年后各检测部位骨密度Z值下降的独立危险因素,RF阳性的患者其两年后各部位的Z值均显著低于RF阴性的患者(P〈0.05)。女性在手、桡尺骨远端、前臂的BMD值均低于男性(adjusted R2=0.256-0.398,P〈0.001)。增龄为除了前臂外所有部位BMD降低的独立危险因素(P=0.02-0.000)。小剂量强的松龙(≤5mg/d)与本组患者的BMD变化无相关。结论骨量丢失为RA患者的常见并发症,尤其见于女性及高龄患者;前臂局部的骨量丢失高于全身的骨量丢失。RF升高为引起BMD下降的重要原因之一。 | 周惠琼 姚如愚 RK Will | 2007 | 中国骨质疏松杂志2007，13，6： | 14 |
| 6 | 203例农村有偿献血感染HIV患者抑郁障碍及生活质量调查显示文摘目的:调查通过献血途径感染人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的203例患者的情绪状况及生活质量。方法:采用贝克抑郁问卷、复合性国际诊断用检查提纲和SF-36对203例通过献血途径感染HIV的患者(HIV阳性组)及年龄、性别和受教育年限相匹配的198例HIV阴性献血者进行调查。结果:①HIV阳性组献血次数多于HIV阴性组(52.2±95.4/13.2±23.9,P<0.001),已婚者少于HIV阴性组(88.6%/ 95.5%,P=0.020),丧偶者多于HIV阴性组(10.9%/4.5%,P=0.020),失业率高于HIV阴性组(21.7%/4.0%,P<0.001),前一年全年工作时间少于HIV阴性组(5.0±3.5/7.5±3.0,P<0.001),家庭月收入低于HIV阴性组(476.3±412.7/709.9±513.7,P<0.001)。②HIV阳性组被诊断为获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)者占56.6%。HIV阳性组抑郁症的终生患病率为13.8%,HIV阴性组的终生患病率为5.1%。HIV阳性组的抑郁总分(11.3±11.3/6.6±9.6)、躯体(3.3±2.9/2.0±2.6)和非躯体因子分(8.0±8.8/4.6±7.4)均高于HIV阴性组(P<0.001)。HIV阳性组达轻度抑郁以上者占40.4%。HIV阳性组已制定自杀计划者高于HIV阴性组(8.4%/3.0%,P<0.05)。HIV阳性组总体生理健康(48.3±9.7/ 55.5±7.0)和心理健康(48.8±8.9/55.1±7.8)得分均低于HIV阴性组(P<0.001)。③HIV阳性组的贝克抑郁问卷总分与T细胞亚群CD4细胞计数无显著相关,与总体生理健康及心理健康呈显著负相关(r=- 0.46~0.68,P<0.001)。结论:HIV阳性患者生存状况较差。对HIV阳性感染者而言,抑郁给患者生活质量造成全面的影响,抑郁和自杀风险仍然是需要干预和处理的问题。 | 宁南义 石川 于欣 陈玉芳 吴尊友 Jin Hua Vigil O Cysique LA Franklin DR Grant I Heaton RK | 2008 | 中国心理卫生杂志2008，22，7： | 14 |
| 7 | 绝经后女性类风湿关节炎患者骨密度变化影响因素分析显示文摘目的探讨绝经后女性类风湿关节炎(RA)患者发生骨质疏松(OP)的原因。方法收集63例绝经后女性RA患者一般临床资料、疾病活动相关指标、手足X线资料,并同时测量患者7个部位的骨密度。结果23例患者(36.5%)有至少一处检测部位表现为低骨量。前臂和桡尺骨远端的低骨密度发生率(23.8%)与OP总发生率(28.6%)无显著性差异(P>0.05)。OP的发生与疾病活动指标及糖皮质激素的使用均无相关性。多元回归分析显示绝经的年限和关节腔狭窄为低骨量发生的独立危险因素(P<0.05);而雌激素替代疗法(HRT)为低骨量发生的唯一保护因素(P<0.05),小剂量糖皮质激素对本组患者的骨密度无影响。结论OP是绝经后女性RA患者的常见并发症,绝经年限长和关节破坏严重是低骨量发生的独立危险因素,HRT是防治低骨量的保护因素。 | 周惠琼 姚如愚 RK Will | 2007 | 中日友好医院学报2007，21，3： | 11 |
| 8 | Endoscopic transluminal pancreatic necrosectomy using a self-expanding metal stent and high-flow water-jet system显示文摘Walled-off pancreatic necrosis and a pancreatic abscess are the most severe complications of acute pancreatitis. Surgery in such critically ill patients is often associated with significant morbidity and mortality within the first few weeks after the onset of symptoms. Minimal invasive approaches with high success and low mortality rates are therefore of considerable interest. Endoscopic therapy has the potential to offer safe and effective alternative treatment. We report here on 3 consecutive patients with infected walled-off pancreatic necrosis and 1 patient with a pancreatic abscess who underwent direct endoscopic necrosectomy 19-21 d after the onset of acute pancreatitis. The infected pancreatic necrosis or abscess was punctured transluminally with a cystostome and, after balloon dilatation, a non-covered self-expanding biliary metal stent was placed into the necrotic cavity. Following stent deployment, a nasobiliary pigtail catheter was placed into the cavity to ensure continuous irrigation. After 5-7 d, the metal stent was removed endoscopically and the necrotic cavity was entered with a therapeutic gastroscope. Endoscopic debridement was performed via the simultaneous application of a high-flow water-jet system; using a flush knife, a Dormia basket, and hot biopsy forceps. The transluminal endotherapy was repeated 2-5 times daily during the next 10 d. Supportive care included parenteral antibiotics and jejunal feeding. All patients improved dramatically and with resolution of their septic conditions; 3 patients were completely cured without any further complications or the need for surgery. One patient died from a complication of prolonged ventilation severe bilateral pneumonia, not related to the endoscopic procedure. No procedure related complications were observed. Transluminal endoscopic necrosectomy with temporary application of a self-expanding metal stent and a high-flow water-jet system shows promise for enhancing the potential of this endoscopic approach in patients with walled-off pancreatic necrosis and/or a pancreatic abscess. | István Hritz Roland Fejes András Székely Iván Székely László Horváth gnes Sárkány ron Altorjay László Madácsy | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，23： | 10 |
| 9 | 激光诊断技术在脉冲爆震发动机研究中的应用显示文摘在美国海军研究生院及斯坦福大学的脉冲爆震发动机 (PDE)模型上 ,应用两种新发展的二极管激光诊断技术———光吸收 /高温辐射组合测定法和多路复合可调二极管激光 (TDL)技术 ,测量了其中的温度、各燃烧产物组分等重要参数 ,并与传统方法所得结果进行对比 ,说明新方法可靠、准确 ,适合爆震燃烧流场这种特殊环境 ,测量精度更高 ,而且更加简便。 | 范玮 Jenkins TP Sanders ST Hanson RK | 2001 | 推进技术2001，22，4： | 10 |
| 10 | Lignin Biosynthesis Studies in Plant Tissue Cultures显示文摘Lignin, a phenolic polymer abundant in cell walls of certain cell types, has given challenges to scientists studying its structure or biosynthesis. In plants lignified tissues are distributed between other, non-lignified tissues. Characterization of native lignin in the cell wall has been difficult due to the highly cross-linked nature of the wall components. Model systems, like plant tissue cultures with tracheary element differentiation or extracellular lignin formation, have provided useful information related to lignin structure and several aspects of lignin formation. For example, many enzyme activities in the phenylpropanoid pathway have been first identified in tissue cultures. This review focuses on studies where the use of plant tissue cultures has been advantageous in structural and biosynthesis studies of lignin, and discusses the validity of tissue cultures as models for lignin biosynthesis. | Anna Krknen Sanna Koutaniemi | 2010 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2010，52，2： | 9 |
| 11 | 固态肿瘤内药物传递的障碍显示文摘 | Jain.,RK 赵裕卿 | 1994 | 科学(中文版)1994，，11： | 9 |
| 12 | Plasmonics for solid-state lighting: enhanced excitation and directional emission of highly efficient light sources显示文摘Light sources based on reliable and energy-efficient light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are instrumental in the development of solid-statelighting (SSL). Most research efforts in SSL have focused on improving both the intrinsic quantum efficiency (QE) and the stability oflight emitters. For this reason, it is broadly accepted that with the advent of highly efficient (QE close to 1) and stable emitters, thefundamental research phase of SSL is coming to an end. In this study, we demonstrate a very large improvement in SSL emission (above70-fold directional enhancement for p-polarized emission and 60-fold enhancement for unpolarized emission) using nanophotonicstructures. This is attained by coupling emitters with very high QE to collective plasmonic resonances in periodic arrays of aluminumnanoantennas. Our results open a new path for fundamental and applied research in SSL in which plasmonic nanostructures are able tomold the spectral and angular distribution of the emission with unprecedented precision. | Gabriel Lozano Davy J Louwers Said RK Rodrı´guez Shunsuke Murai Olaf TA Jansen Marc A Verschuuren Jaime Gomez Rivas | 2013 | Light(Science & Applications)2013，2，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Usefulness of hounsfield unit and density in the assessment and treatment of urinary stones显示文摘Computed tomography(CT) is widely used to examine stones in the urinary system.In addition to the size and location of the stone and the overall health of the kidney,CT can also assess the density of the stone in Hounsfield units(HU).The HU,or Hounsfield density,measured by CT,is related to the density of the tissue or stone.A number of studies have assessed the use of HU in urology.HUs have been used to predict the type and opacity of stones during diagnosis,and the efficacy has been assessed using methods including extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy(ESWL),percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),ureterorenoscopic ureterolithotripsy(URSL),and medical expulsive treatment(MET).Previous studies have focused on the success rate of HU for predicting the type of stone and of ESWL treatment.Understanding the composition of the stone plays a key role in determining the most appropriate treatment modality.The most recent reports have suggested that the HU value and its variants facilitate prediction of stone composition.However,the inclusion of data regarding urine,such as pH and presence of crystals,increases the predictive accuracy.HUs,which now form part of the clinical guidelines,allow us to predict the success of ESWL; therefore,they should be takeninto account when ESWL is considered as a treatment option.However,there are currently insufficient data available regarding the value of HU for assessing the efficacy of PCNL,URSL,and MET.Studies performed to date suggest that these values would make a significant contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of urinary system stones.However,more data are required to assess this further. | Adnan Gücük Ugur üyetürk | 2014 | World Journal of Nephrology2014，3，4： | 7 |
| 14 | Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom显示文摘BACKGROUND Anal fistula is a pathological connection between the anal canal and perianal skin, which most commonly develops from an infected anal crypt. While the majority of anal fistulas are idiopathic, they are also associated with Crohn’s disease (CD) and other inflammatory conditions. The prevalence of anal fistula is estimated to be 1-2 per 10000 patients, but population-based studies on anal fistula epidemiology are limited and outdated. AIM To assess the prevalence of anal fistula and relevant comorbidities, with and without CD in the United Kingdom and Europe. METHODS A retrospective population-representative observational cohort study was performed in The Health Improvement Network (THIN), a United Kingdom primary care database. Mid-year point prevalence of anal fistula was calculated on the first of July for each year between 2014 and 2017. Estimates were calculated for anal fistula overall and by CD status and standardized to the United Kingdom and European population. Prevalence of relevant comorbidities including lymphogranuloma venereum, hidradenitis suppurativa, anal presentation of sexually transmitted diseases, diabetes mellitus, and radiation in the pelvic area was reported. RESULTS The United Kingdom-standardized overall point prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 (95%CI: 1.65-1.94) per 10000 patients in 2017, while the Europe standardized estimate was 1.83 (95%CI: 1.68-1.98) per 10000 patients. Both these standardized point prevalence estimates ranged from 1.89 to 2.36 between 2014-2016. The United Kingdom-standardized point prevalence of anal fistula without CD was 1.35 (95%CI: 1.23-1.48) per 10000 patients, while the Europe-standardized estimate was 1.39 (95%CI: 1.26-1.52) per 10000 patients. In contrast, the standardized point prevalence estimate of anal fistula with CD was lower for both United Kingdom and Europe (0.44;95%CI United Kingdom: 0.37-0.52, 95%CI Europe: 0.37-0.51) per 10000 patients in 2017. In 2017, 19% of anal fistula patients without CD and 13% of anal fistula patients with CD had at least one relevant comorbidity. These results show that anal fistulas are infrequent in the general population. 24.5% of prevalent anal fistulas are associated with CD, but other potentially etiological comorbidities are rare. CONCLUSION This real-world evidence study estimated the United Kingdom-standardized prevalence of anal fistula was 1.80 per 10000 patients in 2017. Approximately 25% of cases may be associated with CD, while other comorbidities are rare. | Suvi RK Hokkanen Naomi Boxall Javaria Mona Khalid Dimitri Bennett Haridarshan Patel | 2019 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2019，7，14： | 7 |
| 15 | Clindamycin-induced acute cholestatic hepatitis显示文摘我们为牙齿的感染在 clindamycin 的管理以后在一个 42 岁的女人报导尖锐 hepatotoxicity 的一个案例。在治疗的 6 d 以后,她有疲劳,恶心,呕吐,厌食,瘙痒和黄疸。她的实验室分析显示出丙氨酸 aminotransferase (中高音) , 1795 IU/L (正常范围 0-40 ) ;aspartate aminotransferase (著名计算机生产厂商) , 1337 IU/L (正常范围 5-34 ) ;硷性磷酸酯酶(高山) , 339 IU/L (正常范围 40-150 ) ;gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT ) , 148 IU/L (正常范围 9-64 IU/L ) ;全部的胆红素, 4.1 mg/dL;直接胆红素, 2.9 mg/dL 和前凝血酶时间(磅) , 13.5 s 与国际规范的比率(INR ) , 1.04。她被就医,与立即的药中止。她的肝活体检视标本显示出混合类型(肝细胞和胆汁郁积的) 肝的损害,与导致药的肝炎的诊断兼容。用 Naranjo 概率规模的一个客观诱发性评价建议 clindamycin 是尖锐肝炎的可能的原因。在易受影响的个人, clindamycin 使用可以导致尖锐混合类型肝毒性。如果在严重肝损伤被建立以前,这药被中止,完全的恢复可能是可能的。 | Cem Aygün Orhan Kocaman Yesim Gürbüz mer Sentürk Sadettin Hülagü | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，40： | 6 |
| 16 | Low circulating levels of gastrin-17 in patients with Barrett's esophagus显示文摘AIM: To examine whether the fasting levels of serum gastrin-17 (G-17) are lower in Barrett's esophagus (BE)patients than in non-Barrett controls.METHODS: Nineteen patients with BE (presenting with a tubular segment ≥2 cm long in lower esophagus and intestinal metaplasia of incomplete type ('specialized columnar epithelium') in endoscopic biopsies from the tubular segment below the squamocolumnar junction were collected prospectively from outpatients referred to diagnostic gastroscopy. The controls comprised 199 prospectively collected dyspeptic outpatients without BE or any endoscopically visible lesions in the upper GI tract.Fasting levels of serum G-17 (G-17fast) were assayed with an EIA test using a Mab highly specific to amidated G-17. None of the patients and controls received therapy with PPIs or other antisecretory agents.RESULTS: The mean and median levels of G-17fast in serum were significantly lower (P = 0.001) in BE patients than in controls. The positive likelihood ratios (LR+) of low G-17fast to predict BE in the whole study population at G-17fast levels <0.5, <1, or <1.5 pmol/L were 3.5, 3.0,and 2.8, respectively. Among patients and controls with healthy stomach mucosa, the LR+ were 5.6, 3.8, and 2.6,respectively. In the whole study population, serum G-17 was below 2 pmol/L in 15 of 19 BE patients (79%). The corresponding prevalence was 66 of 199 (33%) in controls (P<0.001). The G-17fast was 5 pmol/L or more in only one of the 19 BE patients (5%). In controls, 76 of the 199 patients (38%) had such high serum G-17fast levels (P<0.01).CONCLUSION: Serum levels of G-17fast tend to be lower in native patients with BE than in healthy controls. | Pentti Sipponen Matti Vauhkonen Timo Helske Ilpo Kriinen Matti Hrknen | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，38： | 6 |
| 17 | Comparison of non-cycloplegic photorefraction,cycloplegic photorefraction and cycloplegic retinoscopy in children显示文摘AIM: To compare the results of noncycloplegic photorefraction, cycloplegic photorefraction and cycloplegic refraction in preschool and non-verbal children.METHODS: One hundred and ninety-six eyes of 98children(50 females, 48 males) were included in the study. Firstly, non-cycloplegic photorefraction was achieved with Plusoptix A09; secondly, cycloplegic photorefraction was carried out with Plusoptix A09 after10 min cyclopentolate. Finally, 30 min after instillation of twice cyclopentolate, cycloplegic refraction was obtained with autorefraction and/or standard retinoscopy. Spheric equivalent, spheric power, cylindric power and cylindrical axis measurements were statistically compared.RESULTS: The mean age was 28.8±18.5mo(range12-72mo). The differences in spherical equivalent, spheric power and cylindrical power measured by the three methods were found statistically significant(P <0.05).The spherical equivalent and spheric power measured by cycloplegic photorefraction were statistically higher than the measurements of the other methods(P <0.05). The cylindrical power measured by cycloplegic refraction was statistically lower than the measurements of the photorefraction methods(P <0.05). There was no significant difference in cylindrical axis measurements between three methods(P >0.05).CONCLUSION: For the determination of refractive errors in children, the Plusoptix A09 measurements give incorrect results after instillation of cyclopentolate.Additionally, the cylindrical power measured by Plusoptix A09 with or without cycloplegia is higher. However, the non-cycloplegic Plusoptix A09 measures spheric equivalent and spheric power similar to cycloplegic refraction measurements in preschool and non-verbal children. | Ozdemir Ozdemir Zuhal Ozen Tunay Ikbal Seza Petricli Damla Ergintürk Acar Muhammet Kazim Erol | 2015 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2015，8，1： | 6 |
| 18 | 肿瘤坏死因子-α对软骨细胞蛋白聚糖代谢的影响及小白菊内酯的保护作用显示文摘目的探讨小白菊内酯(PAR)对关节软骨细胞蛋白聚糖合成的调节作用。方法软骨细胞取自骨关节炎(OA)患者进行膝关节置换术的股骨髁,随机分为4组:对照组、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)组、PAR组和TNF—α+PAR组。用3种方法测定蛋白聚糖的代谢:(1)测定蛋白聚糖的代谢产物糖胺多糖(GAG)含量。(2)用针对蛋白聚糖单克隆抗体(Mab-3B3和5D4),采用ELISA法检测培养液中蛋白聚糖的代谢片段含量。(3)半定量RT—PCR检测软骨细胞蛋白聚糖、ADAMTS-4、ADAMTS-5、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子-1(TIMP-1)和丝裂原活化蛋白激酶-1(MAPK-1)的mRNA表达。结果(1)TNF—α+PAR组培养液中GAG的百分含量明显低于TNF—α组(t=5.92,P=0.02),其降低程度与PAR呈剂量依赖性。(2)TNF—α组培养液中5134片段的含量明显高于TNF—α+PAR组(t=7.93,P=0.016),而各组间培养液中383片段的含量无差别。(3)TNF—α组的蛋白聚糖mRNA表达明显低于其他3组(F=133.7,P=0.000);而其ADAMTS-5及MAPK-1的mRNA表达明显高于其他3组(F=209.7,117.1;P=0.000)。结论(1)TNF—α可促进入OA关节软骨细胞蛋白聚糖的降解而PAR可抑制其降解作用。(2)PAR可下调TNF—α导致的ADAMTS-5及MAPK-1的mRNA表达。 | 周惠琼 张奉春 RK Will | 2008 | 中华医学杂志2008，88，11： | 6 |
| 19 | 水驱动的磨料射流切割时磨料颗粒速度的研究显示文摘 | 斯旺.,RK 李梅芬 | 1989 | 高压水射流1989，，1： | 6 |
| 20 | Frequency of primary iron overload and HFE gene mutations (C282Y,H63D and S65C) in chronic liver disease patients in north India显示文摘AIM:To identify the frequency of iron overload and study the three mutations in the HFE gene (C282Y,H63D,and S65C) in patients with chronic liver disorders (CLD) and controls. METHODS:To identify patients with iron overload (transferrin saturation > 45% in females and > 50% in males and serum ferritin > 1000 ng/mL) we evaluated 236 patients with CLD,including 59 with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH),22 with alcoholic liver disease (ALD),19 of cirrhosis due to viruses (HBV,HCV),and 136 with cryptogenic cirrhosis. Mutations of the HFE gene were analyzed by PCR-RE. hundred controls were screened for iron status and the mutations. RESULTS:Seventeen patients with CLD showed evidence of iron overload. Fifteen cases of iron overload had cryptogenic cirrhosis and two had ALD. None of the controls showed iron overload. We did not find any individual with 282Y or 65C either in the cases or in the controls. The prevalence of H63D heterozygosity was 12% in normal individuals,14.8% in 236 patients (16.9% in NASH,13.6% in ALD,26.3% in viral and 12.5% in cryptogenic cirrhosis) and the overall prevalence was 13.98%. Only two of the 17 patients with primary iron overload were heterozygous for H63D. One patient with NASH and one normal individual who were homozygous for H63D showed no iron overload.CONCLUSION:Primary iron overload in Indians is nonHFE type,which is different from that in Europeans and further molecular studies are required to determine the defect in various iron regulatory genes. | Barjinderjit Kaur Dhillon Reena Das Gurjeewan Garewal Yogesh Chawla RK Dhiman Ashim Das Ajay Duseja GR Chandak | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，21： | 5 |
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