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| 1 | A long-form α-neurotoxin from cobra venom produces potent opioid-independent analgesia显示文摘Aim:In light of the antinociceptive activity of the short-chain neurotoxin,cobrotoxin,and other acetylcholine antagonists,the antinociceptive activity andmechanisms of cobratoxin(CTX),a long-chain postsynaptic α-neurotoxin,wasinvestigated in rodent pain models.Methods:CTX was administered intraperito-neally(30,45,68 μg/kg),intra-cerebral ventricularly(4.5 μg/kg)or microinjectedinto periaqueductal gray(PAG;4.5 μg/kg).The antinociceptive action was testedusing the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests m mice and rats.The involve-ment of the cholinergic system and opioid system in CTX-induced analgesia wasexamined by pretreatment of animals with atropine(0.5 mg/kg,im;or 10 mg/kg,ip)or naloxone(1 and 5 mg/kg,ip).The effect of CTX on motor activity was testedusing the Animex test.Results:CTX exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic ac-tion in mice as determined by both the hot-plate and acetic acid writhing tests.The peak effect of analgesia was seen 3 h after administration.In the mouse aceticacid writhing test,the intra-cerebral ventricular administration of CTX at 4.5 μg/kg(1/12th of a systemic dose)produced marked analgesic effects.Microinjection ofCTX(4.5 μgkg)into the PAG region did not elicit an analgesic action in rats in thehot-plate test.Atropine at 0.5 mg/kg(im)and naloxone at 1 and 5 mg/kg(ip)bothfailed to block the analgesic effects of CTX,but atropine at 10 mg/kg(ip)didantagonize the analgesia mediated by CTX in the mouse acetic acid writhing test.Acetylsalicylic acid(300 mg/kg)did not enhance the analgesic effects of CTX.Atthe highest effective dose of 68 μg/kg the neurotoxin did not change the sponta-neous mobility of mice.Conclusion:CTX has analgesic effects,which are medi-ated in the central nervous system though not through the PAG.The centralcholinergic system but not opioid system appears to be involved in theantinociceptive action of CTX. | Zhi-xin CHEN Hui-ling ZHANG Zhen-lun GU Bo-wen CHEN Rong HAN Paul F REID Laurence N RAYMOND Zheng-hong QIN | 2006 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2006，27，4： | 7 |
| 2 | Suppression of complete Freund's adjuvant-induced adjuvant arthritis by cobratoxin显示文摘 | Yan-li LIU Hai-ming LIN Rong ZOU Jun-chao WU Rong HAN Laurence N RAYMOND Paul F REID Zheng-hong QIN | 2009 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2009，30，2： | 6 |
| 3 | A family study of endophenotypes for psychosis within an early intervention programme in Hong Kong: Rationale and preliminary findings显示文摘The study of endophenotypes may be a viable strategy to tackle the genetic complexity and phenotypic heterogeneity of psychosis, but this research direction is relatively under-developed in China as compared to Western countries. We have recently initiated one of the first family studies of endophenotypes for psychosis in China. Patients entering an established early psychosis intervention service are recruited into this research project for phenotyping, endophenotyping and genotyping. At the endophenotypic level, four domains (neurological soft signs, neurocognition of prospective memory, social cognition of facial emotion recognition, and affective cognition of anticipatory and consummatory pleasure) are studied in the sample of patients with psychosis and their unaffected siblings. This article illustrates the benefit of a research-oriented clinical programme and its findings based on the data collected as of early 2011. | LUI Simon S Y SHAM Pak CHAN Raymond C K CHEUNG Eric F C | 2011 | Chinese Science Bulletin2011，56，32： | 2 |
| 4 | Heavy metal removal from sediments by biosurfactants显示文摘 | Catherine N Mulligan Raymond N Yong Bernard F Gibbs | 2001 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2001，，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Predicting extractives, lignin, and cellulose contents using near infrared spectroscopy on solid wood in Eucalyptus globulus显示文摘 | POKE F S RAYMOND C A J | 2006 | Wood Chem Technol2006，26，2： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of injection angle on atomization of liquid jets in transverse airflow 显示文摘 | Raymond P F Wu Pei Kuan | 2000 | AIAA J2000，38，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Long-term angiographic recurrences after selective endovascular treatment of aneurysms with detachable coils显示文摘 | Raymond J Guilbert F Weill A | 2013 | Stroke2013，34，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Selenium,an Antioxidant Nutrient显示文摘 | Raymond F Burk M D | 2008 | Nu-trition in Clinical Care2008，5，2： | 1 |
| 9 | The renaissance in magnesium 显示文摘 | Raymond F Decker | 1998 | Advanced Material and Progresses1998，9，： | 1 |
| 10 | The structure and properties of tetrakis (tirunato) cerate ( IV ), Nal2 9H20 6C3HTNO显示文摘 | Haddad S F Raymond K N | 1986 | Inorg Chim Acta1986，122，： | 1 |
| 11 | Carbon dioxide concentration and atmospheric flux in the Hudson River 显示文摘 | Raymond P A Caraco N F Cole J J | 1997 | Estuaries1997，20，2： | 1 |
| 12 | Thalidomide stimulates vessel maturation and reduces epistaxis in individuals with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia 显示文摘 | Lebrin F Srun S Raymond K | 2010 | Nat Med2010，16，4： | 1 |
| 13 | A multimodal nanoparticle for preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and intraoperatire optical brain tumor delineation 显示文摘 | Moritz F Mahmood U Raymond S | 2003 | Cancer Res2003，63，23： | 1 |
| 14 | The 2b protein as a minor structural component of PRRSV显示文摘 | Waihong W Ying F Raymond R R | 2005 | Virus Research2005，114，： | 1 |
| 15 | In situ synthesis of ferrites in cellulosics显示文摘 | Raymond L Revol J F Marchessault R | 1994 | Chemitry of Materials1994，6，： | 1 |
| 16 | Inorg显示文摘 | Claude R D Michel F Raymonde F | 1983 | Chem1983，22，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Anthraquinones as a Aew Class of Antiviral Agents Against Human Immunodeficiency Virus显示文摘 | Raymond F S Chuay K CJ Ramesh B | 1990 | Antiviral Research1990，13，： | 1 |
| 18 | Population genetics software for exact test and ecumenicism显示文摘 | Raymond M Rousset F | 1995 | Journal of Heredity1995，86，： | 1 |
| 19 | The antigenici- ty and evolution of influenza H1 haemagglutinin, from 1950-1957 and 1977-1983: two pathways from one gene 显示文摘 | Raymond F L Caton A J Cox N J | 1986 | Virology1986，148，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Long-term angiographic recurrences after selective endovascular treatment of aneurysms with detachable coils显示文摘 | Raymond J Guilbert F Weill A | 2003 | Stroke2003，34，： | 1 |
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