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| 1 | A national report from China Liver Transplant Registry: steroid avoidance after liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘Objective:We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of steroid-free immunosuppression after liver transplantation(LT)for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).Methods:We retrospectively analyzed HCC recipients without steroids after LT(SF group,n=368)based on the China Liver Transplant Registry(CLTR)database.These recipients were matched 1:2 with patients using steroids(S group,n=736)for the same period after LT for HCC,according to propensity scores.Results:Multivariate analysis indicates that recipients with younger age[odds ratio(OR),1.053;P=0.011],preoperative hepatitis B virus(HBV)DNA≥1,000 copies/mL(OR,2.597;P=0.004)and beyond Milan criteria(OR,4.255;P<0.001)were identified as the risk factors associated with tumor recurrence in steroid avoidance recipients after LT.The patients fulfilling the Milan criteria in the SF group presented higher overall and tumor-free survival rates than those in the S group(P<0.05).Multivariate analysis revealed that recipient beyond Milan criteria was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival(OR,1.690;P<0.001)and tumor-free survival(OR,2.066;P<0.001).The incidences of new-onset diabetes mellitus(21.20% vs.33.29%,P<0.001),new-onset hypertension(10.05%vs.18.61%,P<0.001)and hyperlipidemia(4.08% vs.7.20%,P=0.042)were significantly lower in the SF group.Conclusions:Steroid-free immunosuppression could be safe and feasible for HBV-related HCC patients in LT.Age,HBV DNA level and Milan criteria maybe risk factors associated with tumor recurrence in steroid avoidance recipients.Recipient beyond Milan criteria was an independent prognostic factor and recipient fulfilling Milan criteria can benefit the most from steroid-free immunosuppression. | Qiang Wei Feng Gao Runzhou Zhuang Qi Ling Qinghong Ke Jian Wu Tian Shen Mangli Zhang Min Zhang Xiao Xu Shusen Zheng | 2017 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2017，29，5： | 25 |
| 2 | Nitrogen doped porous carbon as excellent dual anodes for Li-and Na-ion batteries显示文摘Biomass-derived carbon materials have obtained great attention due to their sustainability,easy availability,low cost and environmentally benign.In this work,bamboo leaves derived nitrogen doped hierarchically porous carbon have been efficiently synthesized via an annealing approach,followed by an etching process in HF solution.Electrochemical measurements demonstrate that the unique porous structure,together with the inherent high nitrogen content,endow the as-derived carbon with excellent lithium/sodium storage performance.The porous carbon annealed at 700℃presents outstanding rate capability and remarkable long-term stability as anodes for both lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries.The optimized carbon delivers a high discharge capacity of 450 mAh/g after 500 cycles at the current density of 0.2 A/g for LIBs,and a discharge capacity of 180 mAh/g after 300 cycles at the current density of 0.1 A/g for SIBs. | Zhanheng Yan Qin-Wen Yang Qinghong Wang Jianmin Ma | 2020 | Chinese Chemical Letters2020，31，2： | 20 |
| 3 | Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on expressions of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, and Ki-67 in breast cancer显示文摘 | Qin Qinghong Gao Fangfang Jiang Wei Tan Qixing Mo Qinguo Wei Changyuan | 2014 | Chinese Medical Journal2014，，18： | 13 |
| 4 | Recent advances in understanding the key catalyst factors for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis显示文摘Catalytic conversion of synthesis gas (CO+H2) into hydrocarbons, also known as Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis, is a crucial reaction for the transformation of non-petroleum carbon resources such as coal, natural gas, shale gas, coal-bed gas and biogas, as well as biomass into liquid fuels and chemicals. Many factors can influence the catalytic behavior of a FT catalyst. This review highlights recent advances in understanding some key catalyst factors, including the chemical state of active phases, the promoters, the size and the microenvironment of active phase, which determine the CO conversion activity and the product selectivity, particularly the selectivity to C5+ hydrocarbons. | Qinghong Zhang Weiping Deng Ye Wang | 2013 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2013，22，1： | 13 |
| 5 | Genesis of sandstone-type uranium deposits along the northern margin of the Ordos Basin,China显示文摘Sandstone-type U mineral resources are among the important sources for nuclear energy.The U deposits in the Ordos Basin in China form part of the northern segment of the sandstone-hosted Central Asian Uranium MegaProvince.Two types of mineralizations are recognized in this basin:'phreatic permeable type'and'interlayer permeable type',both exhibiting features equivalent to roll-front subtypes.The'interlayer permeable type'is widely accepted as the dominant mineralization type for sandstone-type uranium deposits within large-scale basins,also designated as the'interlayer oxidation zone type',based on the horizontal color zoning model representing changing redox conditions.Here we synthesize data from several drill holes within the Ordos Basin,which suggest that major Mesozoic tectonic movements controlled the evolution of the sedimentary system in the basin.These tectonic movements contributed to the formation of three angular unconformities and four parallel unconformities as inferred from the stratigraphic relationships.In addition,other features such as vertical color zoning,paleo-channel controlled tabular or lentoid ore bodies(without roll-type)and a group interlayer horizontal zoning of altered minerals are also documented.Sequence stratigraphic analysis indicates that the Ordos Basin generally witnessed four cycles of water level variations during Mesozoic.During the variations,three high water level and three low water level events were recorded.Biological characteristics imply that the Ordos Basin went through multiple arid to humid climatic evolutions during Mesozoic.Combining the newly documented features with some novel concepts on the hydrodynamic mechanism for supergene ore-forming fluids,we propose a metallogenic model which invokes the importance of tectonic movements and water level fluctuations to explain the genesis of uranium deposits along the northern margin of the Ordos Basin. | Ruoshi Jin Xueming Teng Xiaoguang Li Qinghong Si Wei Wang | 2020 | Geoscience Frontiers2020，11，1： | 13 |
| 6 | The First Discovery of a Large Sandstone-type Uranium Deposit in Aeolian Depositional Environment显示文摘The exploration depth of sandstone-type uranium deposits worldwide is mostly less than 700 m,and most of them occur in strata of fluvial facies(Adams et al.,1981;Jin et al.,2016;Hou et al.,2017).Only a few small uranium deposits have been reported in aeolian depositional environments(Isachsen et al.,1955;Li et al.,2001).In the Pcngyang Jingchuan region of the southwestern Ordos Basin,uranium ore bodies with large thickness and high grade in the aeolian sandstone of the Luohe Formation were newly found at depths from 700 to 1500 m,which have laid the foundation for increasing the uranium resources significantly in the Ordos Basin. | MIAO Peisen JIN Ruoshi LI Jianguo ZHAO Hualei CHEN Lulu CHEN Yin SI Qinghong | 2020 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2020，94，2： | 12 |
| 7 | Numerical simulation on mesoscale convective system along Mei-Yu front in Southern China显示文摘A mesoscale convective system (MCS) was generated over the South China Sea at arouna 115°E, 21°N on 0000 UTC 7 June 1998. Riding along the Mei-Yu front, the system moved through the Taiwan Strait and finally hit the southern part of the Taiwan Island, produced over 300 mm of rainfall over parts of Taiwan in the next 24 hours. It was found that the Penn State-NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 5 (MM5) did quite well in simulating the evolution of the MCS. Diagnostic studies on the mesoscale structure of MCS, moisture concentration process and the momentum budget were based on the model output. The concept model of the MCS in the mature phase can be concluded as the following: At the 850 hPa level, the mesoscale low level jet (mLLJ) was found to the southwest of the MCS, which was also associated with a mesoscale low generated by convection, the mesoscale upper level jet (mULJ) was found due east of the MCS (and an upper-level mesoscale high) at the 300 hPa level. Horizontal advection of momentum acted to | ZHANG Qinghong Kai-Hon LAU WANG Hongqing CHEN Shoujun | 2000 | Chinese Science Bulletin2000，45，22： | 11 |
| 8 | Catalytic transformations of cellulose and its derived carbohydrates into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, levulinic acid, and lactic acid显示文摘The catalytic transformation of cellulose into key building-block or platform chemicals such as 5-hydoxymethylfurfural(HMF),levulinic acid,and lactic acid under mild conditions,has attracted much attention in recent years,as these conversions can be operated without consumption of hydrogen or oxygen and thus are more economical compared to the hydrogenolysis or oxidation of cellulose.This review article highlights recent advances in the development of novel catalysts or catalytic processes for the conversion of cellulose and its derived carbohydrates into HMF,levulinic acid,and lactic acid or their esters under inert atmosphere.We also analyze efficient catalytic systems for HMF production,in particular Lewis acids combined with ionic liquid or biphasic systems.For the formations of levulinic and lactic acids or their esters,we focus on the reactions in aqueous and alcohol media catalyzed by multifunctional catalysts that combine the functions of hydrolysis,isomerization,and dehydration-rehydration or retro-aldol reactions.The reaction mechanism for each process will also be discussed to gain insights into the activation of C–O and C–C bonds in the absence of hydrogen or oxygen. | Weiping Deng Qinghong Zhang Ye Wang | 2015 | Science China Chemistry2015，58，1： | 11 |
| 9 | Research progress in ZnO single-crystal:growth, scientific understanding, and device applications显示文摘Zinc oxide,a wide band-gap semiconductor,has shown extensive potential applications in high-efficiency semiconductor photoelectronic devices,semiconductor photocatalysis,and diluted magnetic semiconductors.Due to the undisputed lattice integrity,ZnO single crystals are essential for the fabrication of high-quality ZnO-based photoelectronic devices,and also believed to be ideal research subjects for understanding the underlying mechanisms of semiconductor photocatalysis and diluted magnetic semiconductors.This review,which is organized in two main parts,introduces the recent progress in growth,basic characterization,and device development of ZnO single crystals,and some related works in our group.The first part begins from the growth of ZnO single crystal,and summarizes the fundamental and applied investigations based on ZnO single crystals.These works are composed of the fabrication of homoepitaxial ZnO-based photoelectronic devices,the research on the photocatalysis mechanism,and dilute magnetic mechanism.The second part describes the fabrication of highly thermostable n-type ZnO with high mobility and high electron concentration through intentional doping.More importantly,in this part,a conceptual approach for fabricating highly thermostable p-type ZnO materials with high mobility through an integrated three-step treatment is proposed on the basis of the preliminary research. | Feng Huang Zhang Lin Wenwen Lin Jiye Zhang Kai Ding Yonghao Wang Qinghong Zheng Zhibing Zhan Fengbo Yan Dagui Chen Peiwen Lv Xian Wang | 2014 | Chinese Science Bulletin2014，59，12： | 11 |
| 10 | The DEAD-Box RNA Helicase DDX1 Interacts with the Viral Protein 3D and Inhibits Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Replication显示文摘Foot-and-mouth disease virus(FMDV)can infect domestic and wild cloven-hoofed animals.The non-structural protein 3D plays an important role in FMDV replication and pathogenesis.However,the interaction partners of 3D,and the effects of those interactions on FMDV replication,remain incompletely elucidated.In the present study,using the yeast two-hybrid system,we identified a porcine cell protein,DEAD-box RNA helicase 1(DDX1),which interacted with FMDV 3D.The DDX1-3D interaction was further confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments and an indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)in porcine kidney 15(PK-15)cells.DDX1 was reported to either inhibit or facilitate viral replication and regulate host innate immune responses.However,the roles of DDX1 during FMDV infection remain unclear.Our results revealed that DDX1 inhibited FMDV replication in an ATPase/helicase activity-dependent manner.In addition,DDX1 stimulated IFN-p activation in FMDV-infected cells.Together,our results expand the body of knowledge regarding the role of DDX1 in FMDV infection. | Qiao Xue Huisheng Liu Qiaoying Zeng Haixue Zheng Qinghong Xue Xuepeng Cai | 2019 | Virologica Sinica2019，34，6： | 9 |
| 11 | Glycolysis reprogramming in cancer-associated fibroblasts promotes the growth of oral cancer through the lncRNA H19/miR-675-5p/PFKFB3 signaling pathway显示文摘As an important component of the tumor microenvironment,cancer-associated fibroblasts(CAFs)secrete energy metabolites to supply energy for tumor progression.Abnormal regulation of long noncoding RNAs(lncRNAs)is thought to contribute to glucose metabolism,but the role of lncRNAs in glycolysis in oral CAFs has not been systematically examined.In the present study,by using RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis,we analyzed the lncRNA/mRNA profiles of normal fibroblasts(NFs)derived from normal tissues and CAFs derived from patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC).LncRNA H19 was identified as a key lncRNA in oral CAFs and was synchronously upregulated in both oral cancer cell lines and CAFs.Using small interfering RNA(siRNA)strategies,we determined that lncRNA H19 knockdown affected proliferation,migration,and glycolysis in oral CAFs.We found that knockdown of lncRNA H19 by siRNA suppressed the MAPK signaling pathway,6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3(PFKFB3)and miR-675-5p.Furthermore,the lncRNA H19/miR-675-5p/PFKFB3 axis was involved in promoting the glycolysis pathway in oral CAFs,as demonstrated by a luciferase reporter system assay and treatment with a miRNA-specific inhibitor.Our study presents a new way to understand glucose metabolism in oral CAFs,theoretically providing a novel biomarker for OSCC molecular diagnosis and a new target for antitumor therapy. | Jin Yang Xueke Shi Miao Yang Jingjing Luo Qinghong Gao Xiangjian Wang Yang Wu Yuan Tian Fanglong Wu Hongmei Zhou | 2021 | International Journal of Oral Science2021，13，1： | 8 |
| 12 | Daily Variation of Natural Emission of Methane to the Atmosphere and Source Identification in the Luntai Fault Region of the Yakela Condensed Oil/Gas Field in the Tarim Basin,Xinjiang,China显示文摘静态的流动房间方法被使用在 Yakela 的 Luntai 差错区域学习甲烷的自然排出物到空气在 Tarim 盆的压缩油 / 气体地, Xinjiang 自治市,西北的中国。用一个联机方法,它一起联合煤气的 chromatography/high-temperature 变换/同位素比率团 spectrometry ( GC/C/MS ),在流动房间的甲烷的^( 13 )C/^( 12 ) C 比率被测量并且证明甲烷气体是容易的通过差错区域和那从深油/气体水库移居到表面移植甲烷的部分,它遗体 unoxidized 能被射出进空气。甲烷排放率被发现在早上最高,在下午然后增加最低逐渐地在晚上。甲烷排放率在差错区域在不同地点戏剧性地变化了。最高的甲烷排放率是 10.96 mg/m^2 · d,最低 4.38 mg/m^2,和一般水准 7.55 mg/ m^2 · d。在流动房间的甲烷的 ^(13 )C/^(12 ) C 比率作为集中逐渐地增加了的围住的甲烷变得更重,它揭示免除差错区域的那甲烷可能来自深压缩的油 / 气体水库的 thermogenic 甲烷。 | TANG Junhong BAO Zhengyu XIANG Wu GOU Qinghong | 2007 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2007，81，5： | 7 |
| 13 | Scalable volumetric imaging for ultrahigh-speed brain mapping at synaptic resolution显示文摘The speed of high-resolution optical imaging has been a rate-limiting factor for meso-scale mapping of brain structures and functional circuits,which is of fundamental importance for neuroscience research.Here,we describe a new microscopy method of Volumetric Imaging with Synchronized on-the-fly-scan and Readout(VISo R)for high-throughput,high-quality brain mapping.Combining synchronized scanning beam illumination and oblique imaging over cleared tissue sections in smooth motion,the VISo R system effectively eliminates motion blur to obtain undistorted images.By continuously imaging moving samples without stopping,the system achieves high-speed 3D image acquisition of an entire mouse brain within1.5 hours,at a resolution capable of visualizing synaptic spines.A pipeline is developed for sample preparation,imaging,3D image reconstruction and quantification.Our approach is compatible with immunofluorescence methods,enabling flexible cell-type specific brain mapping and is readily scalable for large biological samples such as primate brains.Using this system,we examined behaviorally relevant whole-brain neuronal activation in 16 c-Fos-sh EGFP mice under resting or forced swimming conditions.Our results indicate the involvement of multiple subcortical areas in stress response.Intriguingly,neuronal activation in these areas exhibits striking individual variability among different animals,suggesting the necessity of sufficient cohort size for such studies. | Hao Wang Qingyuan Zhu Lufeng Ding Yan Shen Chao-Yu Yang Fang Xu Chang Shu Yujie Guo Zhiwei Xiong Qinghong Shan Fan Jia Peng Su Qian-Ru Yang Bing Li Yuxiao Cheng Xiaobin He Xi Chen Feng Wu Jiang-Ning Zhou Fuqiang Xu Hua Han Pak-Ming Lau Guo-Qiang Bi | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，5： | 7 |
| 14 | Advanced Functional Fiber and Smart Textile显示文摘The research and applications of fiber materials are directly related to the daily life of social populace and the development of relevant revolutionary manufacturing industry.However,the conventional fibers and fiber products can no longer meet the requirements of automation and intellectualization in modern society,as well as people’s consumption needs in pursuit of smart,avant-grade,fashion and distinctiveness.The advanced fiber-shaped electronics with most desired designability and integration features have been explored and developed intensively during the last few years.The advanced fiber-based products such as wearable electronics and smart clothing can be employed as the second skin to enhance information exchange between humans and the external environment.In this review,the significant progress on flexible fiber-shaped multifunctional devices,including fiber-based energy harvesting devices,energy storage devices,chromatic devices,and actuators are discussed.Particularly,the fabrication procedures and application characteristics of multifunctional fiber devices such as fiber-shaped solar cells,lithium-ion batteries,actuators and electrochromic fibers are introduced in detail.Finally,we provide our perspectives on the challenges and future development of functional fiber-shaped devices. | Qiuwei Shi Jianqi Sun Chengyi Hou Yaogang Li Qinghong Zhang Hongzhi Wang | 2019 | Advanced Fiber Materials2019，1，1： | 7 |
| 15 | Rho kinase:A new target for treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil hydrochloride has been shown to reduce cerebral vasospasm, to inhibit inflammation and apoptosis and to promote the recovery of neurological function. However, the effect of fasudil hydrochloride on claudin-5 protein expression has not been reported after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Therefore, this study sought to explore the effects of fasudil hydrochloride on blood-brain barrier permeability, growth-associated protein-43 and claudin-5 protein expression, and to further understand the neuroprotective effect of fasudil hydrochloride. A focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model was established using the intraluminal suture technique. Fasudil hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected once a day. Neurological deficit was evaluated using Longa's method. Changes in permeability of blood-brain barrier were measured using Evans blue. Changes in RhoA, growth-associated protein-43 and claudin-5 protein expression were detected using immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Results revealed that fasudil hydrochloride noticeably contributed to the recovery of neurological function, improved the function of blood-brain barrier, inhibited RhoA protein expression, and upregulated growth-associated protein-43 and claudin-5 protein expression following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Results indicated that Rho kinase exhibits a certain effect on neurovascular damage following cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Intervention targeted Rho kinase might be a new therapeutic target in the treatment of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. | Qinghong Cui Yongbo Zhang Hui Chen Jimei Li | 2013 | Neural Regeneration Research2013，8，13： | 7 |
| 16 | Predicting the height of water-flow fractured zone during coal mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir显示文摘It is very important to determine the extent of the fractured zone through which water can flow before coal mining under the water bodies.This paper deals with methods to obtain information about overburden rock failure and the development of the fractured zone while coal mining in Xin'an Coal Mine.The risk of water inrush in this mine is great because 40%of the mining area is under the Xiaolangdi reservoir.Numerical simulations combined with geophysical methods were used in this paper to obtain the development law of the fractured zone under different mining conditions.The comprehensive geophysical method described in this paper has been demonstrated to accurately predict the height of the water-flow fractured zone.Results from the new model, which created from the results of numerical simulations and field measurements,were successfully used for making decisions in the Xin'an Coal Mine when mining under the Xiaolangdi Reservoir.Industrial scale experiments at the number 11201,14141 and 14191 working faces were safely carried out.These achievements provide a successful background for the evaluation and application of coal mining under large reservoirs. | XU Zhimin SUN Yajun DONG Qinghong ZHANG Guowei LI Shi | 2010 | Mining Science and Technology2010，20，3： | 6 |
| 17 | Geological emission of methane from the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China显示文摘A static flux chamber method was applied to study natural emissions of methane into the atmosphere in the Yakela condensed oil/gas field in Talimu Basin, Xinjiang, China. Using an online method, which couples a gas chromatography/high-temperature conversion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/MS) together, the 13C/12C ratios of methane in the flux chambers were measured. The results demonstrated that methane gases were liable to migrate from deep oil/gas reservoir to the surface through microseepage and pervasion, and that a part of the migrated methane that remained unoxidized could emit into the atmosphere. Methane emission rates varied less in the oil/gas field because the whole region was homogeneous in geology and geography, with a standard deviation of less than 0.02 mg/(m2·h). These were the differences in methane emission flux in the day and at night in the oil/gas field. The maximum methane emission flux reached 0.15 mg/(m2·h) at 5:00-6:00 early in the morning, and then decreased gradually. The minimum was shown 0.10 mg/(m2·h) at 17:00-18:00 in the afternoon, and then increased gradually. The daily methane released flux of the study area was 2.89 mg/(m2·d), with a standard deviation of 0.43 mg/(m2·d), using the average methane flux of every hour in a day for all chambers. δ13C of methane increased with the increase of methane concentration in the flux chambers, further indicating that the pyrogenetic origin of methane was come from deep oil/gas reservoirs. | Tang Junhong Bao Zhengyu Xiang Wu Gou Qinghong | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，9： | 6 |
| 18 | Facile carbonaceous microsphere templated synthesis of Co3O4 hollow spheres and their electrochemical performance in supercapacitors显示文摘 | Hongmei Du Lifang Jiao Qinghong Wang Jiaqin Yang Lijing Guo Yuchang Si Yijing Wang Huatang Yuan | 2013 | Nano Research2013，6，2： | 5 |
| 19 | 中国东部沿海杨树人工林养分重吸收和化学计量对氮添加的响应显示文摘叶片养分重吸收对土壤养分的变化很敏感。然而,我们尚不清楚氮沉降如何影响植物大量元素重吸收率。杨树(Populus deltoids)是世界上栽培最广泛的阔叶树种之一。本文研究了在氮添加条件下,杨树重吸收率及其化学计量比的规律和主要驱动因素。通过一个4年的氮添加实验,我们探究中国东部沿海两个林分(8和12年)杨树人工林重吸收率及其化学计量比对氮添加的响应。我们测定了在一系列氮添加浓度水平(0、50、100、150、300 kg N ha^(−1) yr^(−1))下,土壤和叶片(包括绿叶和落叶)中氮、磷、钾、钙、镁的浓度。研究结果表明,除钙元素重吸收率和钙、镁元素重吸收率化学计量比外,氮添加对两个林分大量元素重吸收率及其化学计量比都没有显著影响。氮、磷重吸收率尺度斜率在不同氮添加水平下均小于1,表明氮添加条件下,氮、磷元素重吸收率解耦。养分重吸收率与绿叶中养分含量显著正相关,表明重吸收主要受到绿叶养分调控。我们的研究结果为中国东部沿海地区12年生杨树人工林的生长受氮限制提供了直接证据。 | Dalong Jiang Qian Li Qinghong Geng Menghua Zhang Chonghua Xu Guoqing Hu Caiqin Shen Honghua Ruan Xia Xu | 2021 | Journal of Plant Ecology2021，14，4： | 5 |
| 20 | 2021:A Year of Unprecedented Climate Extremes in Eastern Asia,North America,and Europe显示文摘The year 2021 was recorded as the 6th warmest since 1880.In addition to large-scale warming,2021 will be remembered for its unprecedented climate extremes.Here,a review of selected high-impact climate extremes in 2021,with a focus on China,along with an extension to extreme events in North America and Europe is presented.Nine extreme events that occurred in 2021 in China are highlighted,including a rapid transition from cold to warm extremes and sandstorms in spring,consecutive drought in South China and severe thunderstorms in eastern China in the first half of the year,extremely heavy rainfall over Henan Province and Hubei Province during summer,as well as heatwaves,persistent heavy rainfall,and a cold surge during fall.Potential links of extremes in China to four global-scale climate extremes and the underlying physical mechanisms are discussed here,providing insights to understand climate extremes from a global perspective.This serves as a reference for climate event attribution,process understanding,and high-resolution modeling of extreme events. | Tianjun ZHOU Wenxia ZHANG Lixia ZHANG Robin CLARK Cheng QIAN Qinghong ZHANG Hui QIU Jie JIANG Xing ZHANG | 2022 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2022，39，10： | 5 |
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