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| 1 | Negligible risk of inducing resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis with single-dose rifampicin as post-exposure prophylaxis for leprosy显示文摘Post-exposure prophylaxis(PEP)for leprosy is administered as one single dose of rifampicin(SDR)to the contacts of newly diagnosed leprosy patients.SDR reduces the risk of developing leprosy among contacts by around 60%in the first 2–3 years after receiving SDR.In countries where SDR is currently being implemented under routine programme conditions in defined areas,questions were raised by health authorities and professional bodies about the possible risk of inducing rifampicin resistance among the M.tuberculosis strains circulating in these areas.This issue has not been addressed in scientific literature to date.To produce an authoritative consensus statement about the risk that SDR would induce rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis,a meeting was convened with tuberculosis(TB)and leprosy experts.The experts carefully reviewed and discussed the available evidence regarding the mechanisms and risk factors for the development of(multi)drug-resistance in M.tuberculosis with a view to the special situation of the use of SDR as PEP for leprosy.They concluded that SDR given to contacts of leprosy patients,in the absence of symptoms of active TB,poses a negligible risk of generating resistance in M.tuberculosis in individuals and at the population level.Thus,the benefits of SDR prophylaxis in reducing the risk of developing leprosy in contacts of new leprosy patients far outweigh the risks of generating drug resistance in M.tuberculosis. | Liesbeth Mieras Richard Anthony Wim van Brakel Martin W.Bratschi Jacques van den Broek Emmanuelle Cambau Arielle Cavaliero Christa Kasang Geethal Perera Lee Reichman Jan Hendrik Richardus Paul Saunderson Peter Steinmann Wing Wai Yew | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 2 |
| 2 | Behavioral Inhibition as a Risk Factor for the Development of Child-hood Anxiety Disorders; A Longitudinal Study显示文摘 | Peter Muris Anna M L van Brakel Amoud Amtz etal | 2011 | J Child Fam Stud2011，20，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Hiding on jagged karst pinnacles:A new microendemic genus and species of a limestone-dwelling agamid lizard(Squamata:Agamidae:Draconinae)from Khammouan Province,Laos显示文摘We describe a unique new species and genus of agamid lizard from the karstic massifs of Khammouan Province,central Laos.Laodracon carsticola Gen.et sp.nov.is an elusive medium-sized lizard(maximum snout-vent length101 mm)specifically adapted to life on limestone rocks and pinnacles.To assess the phylogenetic position of the new genus amongst other agamids,we generated DNA sequences from two mitochondrial gene fragments(16S rRNA and ND2)and three nuclear loci(BDNF,RAG1 and c-mos),with a final alignment comprising 7418 base pairs for 64 agamid species.Phylogenetic analyses unambiguously place the new genus in the mainland Asia subfamily Draconinae,where it forms a clade sister to the genus Diploderma from East Asia and the northern part of Southeast Asia.Morphologically,the new genus is distinguished from all other genera in Draconinae by possessing a notably swollen tail base with enlarged scales on its dorsal and ventral surfaces.Our work provides further evidence that limestone regions of Indochina represent unique“arks of biodiversity”and harbor numerous relict lineages.To date,Laodracon carsticola Gen.et sp.nov.is known from only two adult male specimens and its distribution seems to be restricted to a narrow limestone massif on the border of Khammouan and Bolikhamxai provinces of Laos.Additional studies are required to understand its life history,distribution,and conservation status. | Saly Sitthivong Peter Brakels Santi Xayyasith Nathanaël Maury Sabira Idiiatullina Parinya Pawangkhanant Kai Wang Tan Van Nguyen Nikolay A.Poyarkov | 2023 | Zoological Research2023，44，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Mountain jade: A new high-elevation microendemic species of the genus Zhangixalus(Amphibia: Anura: Rhacophoridae)from Laos显示文摘DEAR EDITOR,We report on a new species, Zhangixalus melanoleucus sp.nov., from Phou Samsoum Mountain(PSM) in Xiengkhouang Province, northeastern Laos, based on an integrative taxonomic approach, including morphological, molecular, and bioacoustic lines of evidence. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following diagnostic characters: medium body size(SVL 34.4–36.3 mm in males, 53.7 mm in a single female);dorsum smooth and green;chest and belly lacking spots;flanks, axillae, ventral surfaces of forearms, inguinal. | Peter Brakels Tan Van Nguyen Parinya Pawangkhanant Sabira S.Idiiatullina Sengvilay Lorphengsy Chatmongkon Suwannapoom Nikolay A.Poyarkov | 2023 | Zoological Research2023，44，2： | 0 |
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