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| 1 | Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research. | Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 9 |
| 2 | Zinc ligands in the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens as deter-mined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy显示文摘 | Salt D E Prince R C Backer A J M | 1999 | Environmental Science&Technology1999，33，5： | 1 |
| 3 | Beta-carotene accumulation in serum and skin显示文摘 | PRINCE M R FRISOLI J K | 1993 | Am J Clin Nutr1993，57，： | 1 |
| 4 | Does faculty re- search improve undergraduate teaching? An analysis of existing and potential synergies 显示文摘 | Prince M J Felder R M Brent R | 2007 | Journal of Engineer- ing Education2007，96，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Interactive marketing : the influence of participation on positive word-of-mouth and referrals 显示文摘 | FILE K M JUDD B B PRINCE R A | 1992 | Journal of Service Marketing1992，16，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 显示文摘 | PRINCE M E SIVANANDAN R KACZOROWSKI A | 2007 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2007，104，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Crystal structure of an integral membrane light-harvesting complex from photosynthtic bacteria显示文摘 | McDermott G Prince S M Freer A A Hawthorthwaite-Lawless A M Papiz M Z Cogdell R J Isaacs N W | 1995 | Nature1995，374，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Reduction and coordination of arsenic in Indian mustard 显示文摘 | Picketing I J Prince R C George M J | 2000 | Plant Physiology2000，，： | 1 |
| 9 | Heat shock produces periodic somitic disturbances in the zebrafish embryo 显示文摘 | Roy M N Prince V E Ho R K | 1999 | Mech Dev1999，85，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Reduction and coordination of arsenic in Indian mustard显示文摘 | Picketing I J Prince R C George M J | 2000 | Plant Physiology2000，122，4： | 1 |
| 11 | Burr under the saddle: How media coverage influences strategic change显示文摘 | Bednar M K Boivie S Prince N R | 2013 | Organization Science2013，24，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Age, vascular risk, and cognitive decline in an older British African Caribbean population显示文摘 | Stewart R Prince M Mann A | 2003 | Am Geriatr Soc2003，51，11： | 1 |
| 13 | Zinc ligands in the metal hyperaccumulation Thlaspi caerulescens as determined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy 显示文摘 | SALT D E PRINCE R C BAKER A J M | 1999 | Environmental Science & Technology1999，33，5： | 1 |
| 14 | The primary biodegradation of dispersed crude oil in the sea显示文摘 | Prince R C McFarlin K M Butler J D | 2013 | Chemosphere2013，90，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Inductive teaching and learningmethods:Definitions,comparisons and research bases 显示文摘 | Prince M and Felder R | 2006 | Journal ofEngineering Education2006，95，2： | 1 |
| 16 | The global prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis 显示文摘 | Prince M Bryce R Albanese E | 2013 | Alzheimers Dement2013，9，： | 1 |
| 17 | Breast implant-associated anaplastic large-cell lymphoma:long-term follow-up of 60patients显示文摘 | Miranda R N Aladily T N Prince H M | 2014 | J Clin Oncol2014，32，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcimoma显示文摘 | Prince M E Sivanandan R Kaczorowski A | 2007 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2007，104，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Customer participation in service specification and delivery显示文摘 | Cermak P D S File M K Prince A R | 1994 | Journal of Applied Business Research1994，10，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Origins of Nd-Sr-Pb isotopic variations in single scheelite grains from Arehaean gold deposits, Western Australia 显示文摘 | Brugger J Mass R Lahaye Y McRae C Ghaderi M Costa S Lam-bert D Bateman R Prince K | 2002 | Chemical Geology2002，182，： | 1 |
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