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| 1 | Etiopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC) is an autoimmune disease of the liver characterized by progressive bile duct destruction eventually leading to cirrhosis and liver failure.The serological hallmark of the disease is the presence of circulating antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA).These reflect the presence of autoreactive T and B cells to the culprit antigens,the E2 subunits of mitochondrial 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase enzymes,chiefly pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDC-E2).The disease results from a combination of genetic and environmental risk factors.Genetic predisposition is indicated by the higher familial incidence of the disease particularly among siblings and the high concordance rate among monozygotic twins.Environmental triggering events appear crucial to disrupt a pre-existing unstable immune tolerance of genetic origin allowing,after a long latency,the emergence of clinical disease.Initiating mimetopes of the vulnerable epitope of the PDC-E2 autoantigen can be derived from microbes that utilize the PDC enzyme or,alternatively,environmental xenobiotics/chemical compounds that modify the structure of native proteins to make them immunogenic.A further alternative as a source of antigen is PDC-E2 derived from apoptotic cells.In the effector phase the biliary ductular cell,by reason of itsproclivity to express the antigen PDC-E2 in the course of apoptosis,undergoes a multilineage immune attack comprised of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and antibody.In this article,we critically review the available evidence on etiopathogenesis of PBC and present interpretations of complex data,new developments and theories,and nominate directions for future research. | Ana Lleo Pietro Invernizzi Ian R Mackay Harry Prince Ren-Qian Zhong M Eric Gershwin | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 9 |
| 2 | Global prevalence of dementia:a Delphi consensus study显示文摘 | Ferri CP Prince M Brayne C | 2005 | Lancet2005，366，9503： | 1 |
| 3 | Zinc ligands in the metal hyperaccumulator Thlaspi caerulescens as deter-mined using X-ray absorption spectroscopy显示文摘 | Salt D E Prince R C Backer A J M | 1999 | Environmental Science&Technology1999，33，5： | 1 |
| 4 | 显示文摘 | Prince M B | 1955 | Journal of Applied Physics1955，26，： | 1 |
| 5 | Hepatitis B virus infection-natural history and clinical consequences显示文摘 | GANEM D PRINCE A M | 2004 | The New Journal of Medici- ne2004，351，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Preventive effect of naringin on cardiac mitochondrial enzymes during isoproterenol - induced myo- cardial infarction in rats: a transmission electron microscopic study 显示文摘 | RAJADURAI M PRINCE P S | 2007 | J Biochem Mol Toxicol2007，21，6： | 1 |
| 7 | The effects of oral anti - hyperglycaemic medications on serum lipid profiles in patients with type 2 diabetes显示文摘 | BUSE J B TAN M H PRINCE M J | 2004 | Diabetes Obes Metab2004，6，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Expression and regu lation of Runx2/ Cbfa1and osteoblast phenotypic markers during the growth and differentiation of human osteoblasts 显示文摘 | Prince M Banerjee C Javed A | 2001 | J Cell Biochem2001，80，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Beta-carotene accumulation in serum and skin显示文摘 | PRINCE M R FRISOLI J K | 1993 | Am J Clin Nutr1993，57，： | 1 |
| 10 | Naringin ameliorates mitochondrial lipid peroxides, antioxidants and lipids in isoproterenol - induced myocardial infarction in Wistar rats显示文摘 | RAJADURAI M PRINCE P S | 2009 | Phytother Res2009，23，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Does faculty re- search improve undergraduate teaching? An analysis of existing and potential synergies 显示文摘 | Prince M J Felder R M Brent R | 2007 | Journal of Engineer- ing Education2007，96，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Identification and characleriza- tion of an Onchocerca volvulus cDNA clone encoding a highly imnmno- genic calponin-like protein 显示文摘 | lrvine M Huima T Prince AM | 1994 | Mol Biochem Parasitol1994，65，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Interactive marketing : the influence of participation on positive word-of-mouth and referrals 显示文摘 | FILE K M JUDD B B PRINCE R A | 1992 | Journal of Service Marketing1992，16，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Olestra: A Food Additives显示文摘 | Prince D M Welschenbath M A | 1998 | J Am Diet Assoc1998，，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Morphometric analysis of the extramacular retina from postmortem eyes with retinitis pigmentosa 显示文摘 | HUMAYUN M S PRINCE M BARRON Y | 1999 | Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science1999，40，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Identification of a subpopulation of cells with cancer stem cell properties in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma 显示文摘 | PRINCE M E SIVANANDAN R KACZOROWSKI A | 2007 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2007，104，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Metalloproteinase-9 in induced sputum correlates with the severity of the late allergen-induced asthmatic response显示文摘 | BOULAY M E PRINCE P DESCHESNES F | 2004 | Respiration2004，71，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Core-level spectroscopic study of FeO and FeS2 显示文摘 | PRINCE K C MATTEUCCI M KUEPPER K | 2005 | Physical Review B2005，71，08： | 1 |
| 19 | Crystal structure of an integral membrane light-harvesting complex from photosynthtic bacteria显示文摘 | McDermott G Prince S M Freer A A Hawthorthwaite-Lawless A M Papiz M Z Cogdell R J Isaacs N W | 1995 | Nature1995，374，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Comparison of cell fixation methods of induced sputum specimens: an immunocyto- chemical analysis 显示文摘 | St-Laurent J Boulay M E Prince P | 2006 | J Immunol Methods2006，308，12： | 1 |
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