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    题名 作者 年代 出处 被引量
1Significance and Progress of Bionics显示文摘The four topics are described including the driving force and source of the scientific and technological creation, the definition and history of the bionics, the important significance of bionics in the development of the human beings, and the leading edge and progress of bionics. The appetency of human for the creation is the essential motivity of the innovation in science and technology. Nature and society are the objects for us to cognize and serve, meanwhile, the best teachers for us to learn from them. It is only 5 million years for human’s development, but evolution of life has over 3.5 billion years history. Although, copying the creation from the human being is important, however, it has much more potential and opportunity in imitating the nature, and more possibility to promote the ability of original innovation. The significance and progress of bionics are summarized, in this paper, and the leading edges of bionics, in the near future, are forecasted.Yongxiang Lu Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, P.R. China 2004Journal of Bionic Engineering2004,1,1:47
2Design Principles of the Non-smooth Surface of Bionic Plow Moldboard显示文摘The diverse non-smooth body surfaces to reduce soil adhesion are the evolutional results for the soil animals to fit the adhesive and wet environment and can be used as a biological basis for the design of bionic plow moldboard. The model surfaces for bionic simulation should be taken from soil animal digging organs, on which the soil motion is similar to what is on the surface of moldboard. By analyzing the distribution of non-smooth units on the body surface of the ground beetle jaw and the soil moving stresses, the design principles of the bionic moldboard for the local and the whole moldboard were presented respectively. As well, the effect of soil moving speed on reducing adhesion, the dimensions relationship between soil particles and non-smooth convexes, the relationship between the enveloping surface of non-smooth convexes and the initial smooth surface of the plow body, and the convex types of the sphere coronal and the pangolin scales,etc.were discussed.Luquan Ren, Shiqiao Deng, Jingchun Wang, Zhiwu Han Key Laboratory of Terrain-Machine Bionics Engineering (Ministry of Education,China), Jilin University at Nanling Campus, Changchun 130022,P.R. China 2004Journal of Bionic Engineering2004,1,1:28
3基因枪法获得优质HMW亚基基因表达的转基因小麦显示文摘为探讨利用基因工程技术进行小麦品质改良的可行性,用基因枪法对湖北省3个小麦品种鄂恩1号、鄂麦11号和鄂麦12号分别进行优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)基因1Ax1和1Dx5+1Dy10的转导。试验结果表明,经基因枪轰击的幼胚外植体的再生频率和转化频率明显比幼穗高;基因型间愈伤组织再生能力和转化频率的差异,直接影响着小麦转化的成功率;3个品种的幼胚发育时期与其再生频率均呈显著负相关(r=-0.93或-0.95);在可控环境条件下,花后12~14d的供试植株幼胚的转化频率最高(鄂恩1号、鄂麦11号和鄂麦12号分别为4.5%、2.9%和2%)。研究表明,鄂恩1号、鄂麦11号适龄期的幼胚试材,用等摩尔比的优势亚基基因1Dx5和1Dy10与选择标记基因以2:1摩尔比混合的沉淀物包裹金粉,经600~900psi氦气压轰击后,在含0.5mg·L-12,4-D的MS培养基中诱导愈伤、含0.1mg·L-12,4-D和5mg·L-1玉米素的R培养基中分化、3mg·L-1L-PPT选择压下继代分化筛选,可获得稳定可育的T0代转基因植株以及胚乳特异性表达的T1代转基因种子。施农农 何光源 李克秀 Jones H.D. Shewry P.R. 2005中国农业科学2005,38,5:19
4Determining the Optimal Solution Set for Linear Fractional Programming显示文摘The structure of the optimal solution set is derived for linear fractional programming with the representation theorem of polyhedral sets. Based on an adaptation of the convex simplex method credited to Gilmore and Gomory, we give the uniqueness condition of optimal solution and the computational procedures to find all optimal solutions if the uniqueness condition is not satisfied. Finally, an illustrative example is also given.Xue Shengjia Management College, Jinan University,Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China 2002Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2002,13,3:15
5Restudies on Body Surface of Dung Beetle and Application of Its Bionics Flexible Technique显示文摘A scanning electron microscope was used to observe the structures of the setae on the surface of a dung beetle Copris ochus, Motschulsky. There are lots of setae on the body surface, especially on the ventral part surface and lateral to the legs which are different in size, arrangement and shape. These setae have different lengths and many thorns on the whole seta. The top ends of these setae stand up without furcations which direct uprightly towards the surface of the touched soil. By the method of removing these setae, getting the insect weight before and after digging into the dung we affirm farther that the setae on the beetle body surface form the anti-stick and non-adherent gentle interface. The soil machines and components made by imitating the gentle body surface of beetles have favorable non-adherent results.Jiurong Sun 1, Jianqiao Li 2, Hong Cheng 1, Zhendong Dai 3, Luquan Ren 2 1.College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871,P.R. China 2.Key Laboratory of Terrain-Machine Bionics Engineering (Ministry of Education,China), Jilin University at Nanling Campus, Changchun, 130022,P.R.China 3.College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 210016,P.R.China 2004Journal of Bionic Engineering2004,1,1:12
6ON BASIC EQUATIONS OF WATER HAMMER显示文摘ONBASICEQUATIONSOFWATERHAMMER¥YangJian-dong,WuRong-qiao(WuhanUniversityofHydraulicandElectricEngineering,Wuhan430072,P.R.Chin...Yang Jian-dong,Wu Rong-qiao(Wuhan University of Hydraulic and Electric Engineering,Wuhan 430072,P.R. China) 1996Journal of Hydrodynamics1996,8,2:11
7Grey GM(1,1) Model with Function-Transfer Method for Wear Trend Prediction and its Application显示文摘Trend forecasting is an important aspect in fault diagnosis and work state supervision. The principle, where Grey theory is applied in fault forecasting, is that the forecast system is considered as a Grey system; the existing known information is used to infer the unknown information’s character, state and development trend in a fault pattern, and to make possible forecasting and decisions for future development. It involves the whitenization of a Grey process. But the traditional equal time interval Grey GM (1,1) model requires equal interval data and needs to bring about accumulating addition generation and reversion calculations. Its calculation is very complex. However, the non equal interval Grey GM (1,1) model decreases the condition of the primitive data when establishing a model, but its requirement is still higher and the data were pre processed. The abrasion primitive data of plant could not always satisfy these modeling requirements. Therefore, it establishes a division method suited for general data modeling and estimating parameters of GM (1,1), the standard error coefficient that was applied to judge accuracy height of the model was put forward; further, the function transform to forecast plant abrasion trend and assess GM (1,1) parameter was established. These two models need not pre process the primitive data. It is not only suited for equal interval data modeling, but also for non equal interval data modeling. Its calculation is simple and convenient to use. The oil spectrum analysis acted as an example. The two GM (1,1) models put forward in this paper and the new information model and its comprehensive usage were investigated. The example shows that the two models are simple and practical, and worth expanding and applying in plant fault diagnosis.LUO You xin 1 , PENG Zhu 2 , ZHANG Long ting 1 , GUO Hui xin 1 , CAI An hui 1 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Changde Teachers University, Changde 415003, P.R. China 2 Engineering Technology Board, Changsha Cigare 2001International Journal of Plant Engineering and Management2001,6,4:11
8Multi-Residue Determination of Eight Anabolic Steroids by GC-MS in Muscle Tissues from Pigs显示文摘A gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method to determine eight anabolic steroids (diethylstilbestrol, methyltestosterone, norethindrone, 17α-ethynylestradiol, estradiol, 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxy-progesterone, estradiol benzoate, and chlormadinone acetate) was developed. Muscle samples were extracted with liquid-liquid extraction and clean-up was performed in two steps, the extracts obtained were derivatized with heptafluorbutyric (HBF) anhydride and analyzed by GC-MS. In the above method, the linear scope was 2.5-50 μg kg-1. The range of the recoveries was 78.5-148% for diethylstilbestrol, 70.8-109% for methyltestosterone, 69.8-87.2% for norethindrone, 67.7-120% for 17α-ethynylestradiol, 82.8-103% for estradiol, 70.3-99.2% for 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxy-progesterone, 73.0-104% for estradiol benzoate, and 72.9- 91.8% for chlormadinone acetate. The range of the coefficients of variation within batches was 0.4-12%; the range of the coefficients of variation between batches was 6.4-11%. The limit of detections and the detection capability were 0.99 and 3.30 μg kg-1 for diethylstilbestrol, 1.05 and 3.50 μg kg-1 for methyltestosterone, 1.19 and 3.97 μg kg-1 for norethindrone, 0.94 and 3.13 μg kg-1 for 17α-ethynylestradiol, 1.45 and 4.83 μg kg-1 for estradiol, 1.56 and 5.20 μg kg-1 for 6α-methyl-17α-hydroxy-progesterone, 1.92 and 6.40 μg kg-1 for estradiol benzoate, and 2.41 and 8.03 μg kg-1 for chlormadinone acetate, respectively. These results showed that the method was widely available, accurate, and sensitive.ZENG Dong-ping, LIN Cui-ping, ZENG Zhen-ling, HUANG Xian-hui and HE Li-min Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, P.R. China 2010Agricultural Sciences in China2010,9,2:10
9SYNTHESIS OF INTERMETALLICS BY MECHANICAL ALLOYING显示文摘SYNTHESISOFINTERMETALLICSBYMECHANICALALLOYINGF.H.(Sam)Froes;C.Suryanarayana;andD.Mukhopadhyay(InstituteforMaterialsandAdvance...F. H.(Sam) Froes C. Suryanarayana and D. Mukhopadhyay (Institute for Materials and Advanced Processes (IMAP), University of Idaho,Moscow, ID 83844-3026, USA)C-G. Li(BlM, P.O. Box 81 , Beijing, 100095, P.R. CHINA)K. Brand(On leave from Institut fur Werkst 1995Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)1995,8,Z1:10
10Identification of a Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Line NEA in Brassica napus L.and Its Genetic Studies显示文摘Male sterile NEA plants were identified in progenies of the radiated 92P×Aggregate-silique in Brassica napus L. In 1993. Their progeny plants from test crossing and open pollination were 100% male sterile. The double-low male sterile lines JL-4 and JL-18 were bred through successive backcrossing of the double -low variety No. 4 and No. 18 in Brassica napus L. To NEA. Restorer lines 6720 and 6722 with significant heterosis in F1 were developed. The results from investigating the restoring-maintaining relationship and inheritance of the restorer gene indicated that JL-4 and JL-18 were different from both PolCMS and Shan 2A type,and their restorer gene was controlled by a pair of dominant genic genes.JIANG Liang-cai, PU Xiao-bin, ZHANG Qi-xing, CHEN Fang and ZHANG Jin-fang( The Crop Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chengdu 610066 , P.R. China SichuanUniversity, Chengdu 610064 , P.R. China) 2002Agricultural Sciences in China2002,1,4:10
11QSAR Studies on the Toxicity of Nitrobenzenes to Population Growth of Tetrahymena Pyriformis显示文摘The IGC 50 (50% inhibitory growth concentration) values of 27 nitrobenzenes were determined for the population growth endpoint of Tetrahymena pyriformis . The toxicity order of the observed compounds was found to be as follows: dinitro compounds>mononitro compounds, dichloronitrobenzenes>monochloronitrobenzenes, meta substituted nitrobenzenes>ortho /para substituted nitrobenzenes(NT, NPh, NAnis) except for the dinitrobenzenes and nitroanilines(DNB, NAn). Quantitative structure activity relationships(QSARs) were developed with the logarithm of the reciprocal of IGC 50 [lg(IGC 50 ) -1 ] in mole liter as dependent variable and six molecular descriptors lg P , 1 X Ⅴ, I, 1K a, ∑σ - and E LUMO as independent variables. Via multiple regression analysis, one best equation was obtained: lg(IGC 50 ) -1 =3.029+0.860∑ σ -+0.341I n=27, r=0.924, r 2=0.854, s=0.265, f=70.44 , Pr> f =0.000 1  The equation was used to estimate IGC 50 for five analogues.XU Jing bo 1** , JING Ti song 2, Pauli W. 3 and Berger S. 31. Department of Environmental Science, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, P.R.China 2. College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, Changchun 130026, P.R. China 2002Chemical Research in Chinese Universities2002,18,3:9
12Studies on Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil-Plant System:A Review显示文摘Heavy metal pollution in soil-plant system is of major environmental concern on a world scale and in China in par-ticular with the rapid development of industry. The heavy metal pollution status in soil-plant system in China, the research progresson the bioavailability of heavy metals (affecting factors, extraction methods, free-ion activity model, adsorption model, multivariateregression model, Q-I relationship, and compound pollution), and soil remediation are reviewed in the paper. Future research andmonitoring is also discussed.Wang Haiyan Sun XiangyangCollege of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, P.R. China 2003Forestry Studies in China2003,5,1:9
13边坡稳定性的最大似然估计显示文摘为圆弧形(干和湿边坡)和楔形(干边坡)边被破坏直接估计安全系数,提出了简单、新颖的经验公式。估计边坡安全系数的这些新公式是采用统计学最大似然估计方法获得的。收集了23个干边坡(破坏13,稳定10)和23个温边坡(破坏16,稳定7)圆弧形破坏实例,以及14个干边坡(破坏8,稳定6)楔形破坏实例数据。可以看出,采用新公式预测的安全系数与采用极限平衡方法计算的安全系数颇为一致。N.K.萨赫 P.R.肖利 L.N.乌帕德亚雅 祝玉学 1995国外金属矿山1995,20,3:9
14Effects of Ultra-drying on Viability and Physiological Characteristics of Platycladus orientalis Seed from Arid and Semiarid Areas of Northwest China显示文摘In order to supply quality seed for vegetation restoration in arid and semiarid areas of Northwest China, the effects of Platycladus orientalis seed storage under ultra-drying and accelerated aging were studied. The seeds were dried from 6.8% to 5.1%, 4.4%, 3.7% and 2.2% MC, respectively, in a desiccator with the silica gel. The germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index of the seed were investigated. After ultra-drying, groups of seeds were carried on the accelerated aging tests in an oven at 50 oC for 10, 20 and 30 d , respectively, and the physiological indexes, including relative conductivity, dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity were tested. The results show that the ultra-dried seeds with 3.7% MC have the highest germination energy, germination percentage, germination index and vigor index. After aging, the dehydrogenase activity and α-amylase activity of the group of seeds of 3.7% MC were higher than those of 6.8%, while the relative conductivity of the group of 3.7% is lower than that of 6.8%. It is feasible to ultra- dry the seeds with 3.7% MC.HOU Longyu1,2 DUAN Xinfang2 Li Qingmei3 LIU Guangquan4 MA Fengyun1 1. Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P.R. China 2. Research Institute of New Forestry Technology, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P.R. China 3. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P.R. China 4. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, P.R. China 2008Chinese Forestry Science and Technology2008,7,1:9
15Comparative Analysis on Rice Plant Type of Two Super Hybrids and Shanyou63显示文摘The characteristics of plant type and physiological indices for photosynthesis were analyzedusing two super hybrid rices, Liangyoupeijiu and LiangyouE32 as materials, and an indica hybrid, Shan-you63 as a control. Based on the present analysis and various theories and breeding practices on rice planttype, a model of plant ideotype for super hybrid rice (indica) in the lower reaches of Yangtze River Valleywas proposed. This was: a length of 35 - 40 cm for top leaf with a width of 2 cm, and that of 50 - 55 cmand 55 - 60 crm, respectively, for the second and third leaves from top, meanwhile, having a leaf angle of5°, 10° and 15° respectively, and a curvature of 1 - 1.5 cm-1 for the leaf face at heading stage; the upper-most three leaves keeping their activities for as long as 70 d, which could lead a LAI of 3 at full ripeness;loose plant type with thin (SLW=2.5- 3 gcm-2 , dry weight) and curve-slant leaves during early growingstage, and compact plant type by thick (SLW = 4 - 5 gcm-2 ) and erect leaves during the middle and lategrowing stages; with a coefficient of light extinction of 0.3 - 0.4, which allowed for an optimal LAI high of8 - 10 during the middle growth period; plant height of 110 -120 cm, with 2 -4 cm basal internode and along uppermost internode occupying 45 % of total stem length; 25 - 28 cm panicle with 8 - 10 spikelets percentimeter showing bend-type in ripening; a rich chlorophyll which led to a high net photosynthetic rate,and tolerance to light shading and photooxidation which is of benefit to increasing the adaptability to varyinglight conditions.LU Chuan-gen and ZOU Jiang-shiJiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014 , P.R. China 2003Agricultural Sciences in China2003,2,5:8
16RAPD-PCR Analysis on Genetic Relationships Between Cultivars of Tree Peony显示文摘Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) was used to analyze genetic polymophism of 35Tree Peony cultivars with 7 different color groups. Thirty four primers amplified 418 DNA fragments and 337polymorphic bands (80.6%), including specific DNA markers for 18 cultivars that could be used to differentiate cultivars. The UPGMA method was used to analyze the genetic relationship among cultivars. The results showed that 35 Peony cultivars could be divided into 2 cluster groups when using similarity criteria of 1.5, and into 4 cluster groups when using similarity criteria of 1.0. The result confirmed that the flower color has no relation to the genetic clusters and the Tree Peony cultivars originated from the same area has close genetic relationship. Therefore, genetic background has no large effect on the genetic relationship. The sequence based on polymorphic rate from high to low was Blue groups > Yellow groups > Bark red groups > Blake groups >White groups > Green groups > Red groups.ZHENG Guo-sheng, CHEN Xiang-ming and MENG Li(College of Life Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018 , P.R.China Hefei EducationCollege,Hefei 230001 , P.R. China) 2002Agricultural Sciences in China2002,1,7:8
17世界银行贷款中国疾病预防(卫生Ⅶ)项目省免疫接种率基线调查报告显示文摘在世界银行贷款中国疾病预防(卫生Ⅶ)项目10个省(自治区,下同),采用世界卫生组织(WHO)推荐的分层多阶段按容量比例概率抽样的方法(PPS),共抽取了854个县(区、市,下同)1197个初级抽样单位,调查城区和高、中、低收入农村1994年7月1日~1995年6月30日出生的儿童8414人,在12月龄内完成卡介苗(BCG)、口服脊髓灰质炎(脊灰)疫苗(OPV)、百白破混合制剂(DPT)、麻疹疫苗(MV)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HBV)的接种情况。结果显示,建证率81.0%,建卡率96.8%,BCG、OPV、DPT、MV接种率分别为94.9%、89.3%、87.4%、88.9%,四种疫苗全程接种率79.6%,HBV接种率39.9%,调查时在场儿童卡疤率84.1%。按照我国现行的儿童免疫程序,本次抽样调查的BCG、OPV1、DPT1、MV及时接种率分别为38.8%、45.7%、55.3%、50.4%,接种OPV1、DPT1后有72.4%~75.6%的儿童能及时接种第2、3针。城区和高、中、低收入农村4个层次儿童的四种疫苗接种率和全程接种率、及时接种率、HBV接种率、卡疤率、建证率。Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Health, P.R. China, Office Responsible for Foregin Loan, Ministry of Health, P.R. China, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine 1998中国计划免疫1998,4,1:8
18A NEW QUANTITATIVE WAY FOR DETERMINING LEAF AREA INDEXAND NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY IN REGIONAL SCALE显示文摘An inversion of bidirectional reflection distribution fiJnedon (BRDF) wastested using NK Model and NOAA AVHRR datu. The test involVed sensitiveanalysis, optimum inversion selecting, ground simulated expenment, calibrahngmeasuremed with satellite and computer image processmg. Results of comparisonwith NDVI indicatal that inversion of BRDF will have brigh developing prospect inthe next decade.Zhang Renhua(Institute of Geography, CAS, Bejing 100101, P.R. China)Andres Kuusk(Estorua Observatory, Tatu, Estorua)Chen Gang(Ground Station of Satellite Remote Sensing, CAS, Behing 100086, P.R. China)Alan Strahler Li Xiaonen(Remote Sensing Cater, Boston 1996Journal of Geographical Sciences1996,6,4:7
19Impact of some chlorinated pesticides on the haematology of the fish Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto显示文摘The effects of pesticides on blood characteristics and histological changes in erythrocytes of the fish species Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto were studied. The fishes were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of different chlorinated pesticides namely aldrin, dieldrin, DDT, BHC and chlordane for 10, 20 and 30 d in continuous flow-through test. The LC 50 values were calculated based on acute toxicity tests and the sublethal doses were arrived at for chronic bioassay studies. Results showed an increase in haemoglobin content of both Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto in case of aldrin and dieldrin. Haemoglobin content reduced from an initial 13 g/100 ml to 8.07 and 10.15 g/100 ml in case of Cyprinus at the end of ten days exposure to aldrin and dieldrin respectively, and gradually increased to 8.7 g/100 ml and 10.15 g/100 ml after 20 d of exposure. The haemoglobin content after 30 d exposure to aldrin and dieldrin was 10.15 g/100 ml and 11.6 g/100 ml respectively. In case of Puntius ticto, the haemoglobin content in control fishes recorded was 12.8 g/100 ml while in case of fish exposed to aldrin, the haemoglobin content reduced initially on ten days exposure to 10.15 g/100 ml and increased to 11.6 g/100 ml and 13.0 g/100 ml during twenty days and thirty days exposure respectively. This trend was also observed with dieldrin in both the fishes studied. Red blood cells were also counted in case of all the pesticides and exposure periods with respect to Cyprinus carpio and Puntius ticto. Irrespective of the species and pesticide, the RBC counts uniformly showed decreasing trend with the increase in exposure period, while packed cell volume, PCV(%) showed increasing trend with respect to increase in exposure period in case of aldrin and dieldrin in both the fishes. But DDT, BHC and chlordane showed decreasing trend in PCV(%) values with increasing periods of exposure.Shanta Satyanarayan Rajesh S. Bejankiwar P.R. Chaudhari J.P.Kotangale Ahana Satyanarayan 2004Journal of Environmental Sciences2004,16,4:7
20单侧小肾细胞癌射频消融术与保肾手术的效价比分析显示文摘目的评价经皮射频消融术(RF)与保留肾单位手术(NSS)治疗小的(直径≤4cm)肾细胞癌的相对成本效益,制定出社会希望支付,普遍可接受的费用水平。方法建立马尔可夫(Markov)决策分析模型,评估接受射频消融或保肾手术的65岁组小肾细胞癌病人的预期寿命及相关花费。模型的建立考虑到了肾癌的状况、治疗效果、费用及近期和远期疗效等综合因素。在假定每个质量校正生存年(QALY)费用为75000美元的前提下,分析判定优选治疗方案如何能提高性价比。在预期范围内引导完善的新式医疗保健干预措施。用敏感性来反映主要参数的变化结果。结果通过运用案例假设,NSS后有质量的生活时间略长于RF(2.5d),P.V. Pandharipande D.A. Gervais P.R. Mueller C. Hur G.S. Gazelle. 邢艳(译) 刘文亚(校) 唐光健(校) 2008国际医学放射学杂志2008,31,5:7
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