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| 1 | Demographic trade-offs determine species abundance and diversity显示文摘Aims Much recent theory has focused on the role of neutral processes in assembling communities,but the basic assumption that all species are demographically identical has found little empirical support.Here,we show that the framework of the current neutral theory can easily be generalized to incorporate species differences so long as fitness equivalence among individuals is maintained through trade-offs between birth and death.Methods Our theory development is based on a careful reformulation of the Moran model of metacommunity dynamics in terms of a non-linear one-step stochastic process,which is described by a master equation.Important Findings We demonstrate how fitness equalization through demographic trade-offs can generate significant macroecological diversity patterns,leading to a very different interpretation of the relation between Fisher’s a and Hubbell’s fundamental biodiversity number.Our model shows that equal fitness(not equal demographics)significantly promotes species diversity through strong selective sieving of community membership against high-mortality species,resulting in a positive association between species abundance and per capita death rate.An important implication of demographic trade-off is that it can partly explain the excessively high speciation rates predicted by the neutral theory of the stronger symmetry.Fitness equalization through demographic trade-offs generalizes neutral theory by considering heterospecific demographic difference,thus representing a significant step toward integrating the neutral and niche paradigms of biodiversity. | Da-Yong Zhang Bo-Yu Zhang Kui Lin Xinhua Jiang Yi Tao Stephen Hubbell Fangliang He Annette Ostling | 2012 | Journal of Plant Ecology2012，5，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Manufacture and characterization of graphene membranes with suspended silicon proof masses for MEMS and NEMS applications显示文摘Graphene’s unparalleled strength,chemical stability,ultimate surface-to-volume ratio and excellent electronic properties make it an ideal candidate as a material for membranes in micro-and nanoelectromechanical systems(MEMS and NEMS).However,the integration of graphene into MEMS or NEMS devices and suspended structures such as proof masses on graphene membranes raises several technological challenges,including collapse and rupture of the graphene.We have developed a robust route for realizing membranes made of double-layer CVD graphene and suspending large silicon proof masses on membranes with high yields.We have demonstrated the manufacture of square graphene membranes with side lengths from 7µm to 110µm,and suspended proof masses consisting of solid silicon cubes that are from 5µm×5µm×16.4µm to 100µm×100µm×16.4µm in size.Our approach is compatible with wafer-scale MEMS and semiconductor manufacturing technologies,and the manufacturing yields of the graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were>90%,with>70%of the graphene membranes having>90%graphene area without visible defects.The measured resonance frequencies of the realized structures ranged from tens to hundreds of kHz,with quality factors ranging from 63 to 148.The graphene membranes with suspended proof masses were extremely robust,and were able to withstand indentation forces from an atomic force microscope(AFM)tip of up to~7000nN.The proposed approach for the reliable and large-scale manufacture of graphene membranes with suspended proof masses will enable the development and study of innovative NEMS devices with new functionalities and improved performances. | Xuge Fan Anderson D.Smith Fredrik Forsberg Stefan Wagner Stephan Schroder Sayedeh Shirin Afyouni Akbari Andreas C.Fischer Luis Guillermo Villanueva Mikael Ostling Max C.Lemme Frank Niklaus | 2020 | Microsystems & Nanoengineering2020，6，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Determination of moisture in hard gelatin capsules using near-infrared spectroscopy: applications to at-line process control of pharmaceutics显示文摘 | Berntsson O Zackrisson G Ostling G | 1997 | J Pharm Biomed Anal1997，15，7： | 1 |
| 4 | Microelectrophoretic study of radiation-induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells显示文摘 | Ostling O Johanson KJ | 1984 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1984，123，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Respiration of the external mycelium in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis shows strong dependence on recent photosynthates and acclimation to temperature 显示文摘 | Heinemeyer A Ineson P Ostle N Fitter A H | 2006 | New Phytologist2006，171，： | 1 |
| 6 | Microbial contributions to climate change through carbon cycle feedbacks显示文摘 | BARDGETT R D FREEMAN C OSTLE N J | 2008 | ISME Journal2008，2，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Microelectrophoretic study of radiateon-induced DNA damages in individual mammalian cells显示文摘 | Ostling O Johanson KJ | 1984 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1984，123，： | 1 |
| 8 | Mierobial contributions to climate change through carbon cycle feedbacks显示文摘 | BARDGETT R D FREEMAN C OSTLE N J | 2008 | ISME Journal2008，2，： | 1 |
| 9 | Microelectrophoretic Study of Radiation-Induced DNA Damages in Individual Mammalian Cells显示文摘 | Ostling O Johanson K J | 1984 | Biochem Biophys Res Commun1984，123，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Paul raymond:ashland hercules water technologtes focusing innovation显示文摘 | Glenn ostle | 2009 | Paper 3602009，，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Rapid transfer of photosynthetic carbon through the plant-soil system in differently managed grasslands 显示文摘 | De Deyn GB Quirk H Oakley S Ostle N Bardgett RD | 2011 | Biogeosci Discussions2011，8，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Microbial contributions to climate change through carbon cycle feedbacks显示文摘 | Bardgett R D Freeman C Ostle N J | 2008 | TheISME Journal2008，2，： | 1 |
| 13 | Kemira inaugurates new atlanta R&D center显示文摘 | Glenn ostle | 2009 | Paper 3602009，，10： | 1 |
| 14 | Metal silicides in CMOS technology:Past,present,and future trends显示文摘 | Zhang S L Ostling M | 2003 | Critical Reviews in Solid State and Materials Sciences2003，28，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Fine root dynamics with stand development in the boreal forest显示文摘 | Yuan Z Y Chen H Y H Ostle N | 2012 | Funetional Eeology2012，26，4： | 1 |
| 16 | An enzymic 'latch' on a global carbon store显示文摘 | Freeman C Ostle N Kang H | 2001 | Nature2001，409，： | 1 |
| 17 | The genesis of hydronephrosis particularly with regardto the changes at the ureeropeiric junction显示文摘 | | 1942 | Acta chir scard1942，，： | 1 |
| 18 | Amino acid N-15 in long-term bare fallow soils: influence of annual N fertilizer and manure applications 显示文摘 | BOL R OSTLE N J PETZKE K J | 2008 | European Journal of Soil Science2008，59，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Rapid turnover of hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi determined by AMS microanalysis of 14C显示文摘 | Staddon PL Ramsey CB Ostle N Ineson P Fitter AH | 2003 | Science2003，300，： | 1 |
| 20 | Dynamic Avalanche in Si Power Diodes and Impact Ionization at the nn : Junction 显示文摘 | B B Martin Domeij Josef Lutz Mikael Ostling | 2000 | Solid State Electronics2000，44，3： | 1 |
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