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| 1 | Prevalence, clinical features and treatment of depression in Parkinson's disease: An update显示文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases which typically affects individuals over 65 years. Although the symptomatology is predominantly motor, neuropsychiatric manifestations, e.g., depression, apathy, anxiety, and cognitive impairment occur in the course of the illness and can have a great impact on the quality of life in these patients. Parkinson's disease is commonly comorbid with depression with prevalence rates of depression, generally higher than those reported in general population. Depression in PD is frequently underestimated andconsequently undertreated, which have significant effects on the quality of life in these patients. The neurobiology of depression in PD is complex and involves alterations in dopaminergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic and possibly other neurotransmitter systems which are affected in the course of the disease. The tricyclic antidepressants and the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are the two classes of antidepressant drugs used for depressive symptoms in PD. Several published studies suggested that both classes are of comparable efficacy. Other serotonergic antidepressants, e.g., nefazodone and trazodone have also been of benefit. Meanwhile, there are limited data available on other drugs but these suggest a benefit from the serotonin and noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors such as mirtazapine, venlafaxine, atomoxetine and duloxetine. Some of the drugs used in symptomatic treatment of PD, e.g., the irreversible selective inhibitors of the enzyme monoamine oxidase-B, rasagiline and selegiline as well as the dopamine receptor agonist pramipexole are likely to have direct antidepressant activity independent of their motor improving action. This would make these drugs an attractive option in depressed subjects with PD. The aim of this review is to provide an updated data on the prevalence, clinical features of depression in subjects with PD. The effects of antiparkinsonian and antidepressant drugs on depressive symptoms in these patients are also discussed. | Omar ME Abdel-Salam | 2015 | World Journal of Neurology2015，5，1： | 1 |
| 2 | Promoter and intron 1 polymorphisms of COL1A1 interact to regulate transcription and susceptibility to osteoporosis 显示文摘 | Huilin Jin van't Hof RJ Omar ME | 2009 | Human Molecular Genetics2009，18，15： | 1 |
| 3 | RUNX3 downregulation in human lung adenocarcinoma is independent of p53, EGFR or KRAS status 显示文摘 | Omar MF Ito K Nga ME | 2012 | PatholOncolRes2012，18，4： | 1 |
| 4 | Evalulation of the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of different antidepressants in the rats显示文摘 | Omar ME Salwa M Siham M | 2003 | Pharmacol Res2003，48，： | 1 |
| 5 | Drug therapy for Parkinson's disease: An update显示文摘Parkinson's disease(PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, affecting about 1% of the population above the age of 65. PD is characterized by a selective degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. This results in a marked loss of striatal dopamine and the development of the characteristic features of the disease, i.e., bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, gait abnormalities and postural instability. Other types of neurons/neurotransmitters are also involved in PD, including cholinergic, serotonergic, glutamatergic, adenosine, and GABAergic neurotransmission which might have relevance to the motor, non-motor, neuro-psychiatric and cognitive disturbances that occur in the course of the disease. The treatment of PD relies on replacement therapy with levodopa(L-dopa), the precursor of dopamine, in combination with a peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor(carbidopa or benserazide). The effect of L-dopa, however, declines over time together with the development of motor complications especially dyskinesia in a significant proportion of patients within 5 years of therapy. Other drugs include dopaminereceptor-agonists, catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors, monoamine oxidase type B(MAO-B) inhibitors, anticholinergics and adjuvant therapy with the antiviral drug and the N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist amantadine. Although, these medications can result in substantial improvements in parkinsonian symptoms, especially during the early stages of the disease, they are often not successful in advanced disease. Moreover, dopaminergic cell death continues over time, emphasizing the need for neuroprotective or neuroregenerative therapies. In recent years, research has focused on non-dopaminergic approach such as the use of A2 A receptor antagonists: istradefylline and preladenant or the calcium channel antagonist isradipine. Safinamide is a selective and reversible inhibitor of MAO-B, a glutamate receptor inhibitor as well as sodium and calcium channel blocker. Minocycline and pioglitazone are other agents which have been shown to prevent dopaminergic nigral cell loss in animal models of PD. There is also an evidence to suggest a benefit from iron chelation therapy with deferiprone and from the use of antioxidants or mitochondrial function enhancers such as creatine, alpha-lipoic acid, l-carnitine, and coenzyme Q10. | Omar ME Abdel-Salam | 2015 | World Journal of Pharmacology2015，4，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Optical imaging of post-embryonic zebrafish using multi orientation raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy显示文摘Whole-body optical imaging of post-embryonic stage model organisms is a challenging and long sought-after goal.It requires a combination of high-resolution performance and high-penetration depth.Optoacoustic(photoacoustic)mesoscopy holds great promise,as it penetrates deeper than optical and optoacoustic microscopy while providing high-spatial resolution.However,optoacoustic mesoscopic techniques only offer partial visibility of oriented structures,such as blood vessels,due to a limited angular detection aperture or the use of ultrasound frequencies that yield insufficient resolution.We introduce 3601 multi orientation(multi-projection)raster scan optoacoustic mesoscopy(MORSOM)based on detecting an ultra-wide frequency bandwidth(up to 160 MHz)and weighted deconvolution to synthetically enlarge the angular aperture.We report unprecedented isotropic inplane resolution at the 9–17μm range and improved signal to noise ratio in phantoms and opaque 21-day-old Zebrafish.We find that MORSOM performance defines a new operational specification for optoacoustic mesoscopy of adult organisms,with possible applications in the developmental biology of adulthood and aging. | Murad Omar Johannes Rebling Kai Wicker Tobias Schmitt-Manderbach Mathias Schwarz Jérôme Gateau Hérnan López-Schier Timo Mappes Vasilis Ntziachristos | 2016 | Light(Science & Applications)2016，5，1： | 0 |
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