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| 1 | 贵州贞丰烂泥沟卡林型金矿床含砷黄铁矿Re-Os同位素测年及地质意义显示文摘贵州贞丰烂泥沟金矿(现称锦丰金矿)是滇黔桂“金三角”已知最大的卡林型金矿床,矿体赋存于断层破碎带内,最主要的载金矿物是具环带结构的含砷黄铁矿。本文运用Re-Os同位素法对该矿床的9个含砷黄铁矿样品进行了两次测试,成功获得10-9~10-12级Re-Os同位素数据:Re0.1257~1.233ng/g,Os6.75~33.50pg/g,等时线年龄为193±13Ma,反映其成矿时代为早侏罗世。等时线的初始n(187Os)/n(188Os)值为1.127±0.043,指示成矿物质来源于地壳而不是地幔。结合其他资料,初步建立其成矿模式为:盆地流体不断地从沉积物中萃取出包括金在内的成矿组分,形成含矿流体。印支期挤压造山期间,含矿流体沿不整合接触面和同生断层向上运动,造山后的伸展含矿流体进入减压扩容空间沉淀形成超大型金矿床。成矿作用发生在从印支期挤压造山向燕山期伸展转变的构造转换期。该模式与本文得到的成矿年龄和初始比值相吻合。 | 陈懋弘 毛景文 屈文俊 吴六灵 Phillip J.UTTLEY Tony NORMAN 郑建民 秦运忠 | 2007 | 地质论评2007，53，3： | 84 |
| 2 | 贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)超大型金矿床构造解析及构造成矿作用显示文摘在矿区大比例尺填图的基础上,运用构造解析的理论和方法,对贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿的构造特征、构造演化和构造控矿作用进行了系统的阐述。矿区构造线主要分为近NS向、NW向和NE向3组,其中NW向构造线控制了矿区的构造格架。构造变形主要经历了同生期裂陷、造山期挤压、后碰撞造山侧向挤压和岩石圈伸展等4个阶段。盆地裂陷期间(D2-T2)形成的同生断层为后续的构造活动提供了最初的构造薄弱面,并成为主要的热液通道;造山期挤压期间(T3)形成了矿区最为明显的近NS向和NW向大型倒转褶皱和逆冲断层以及配套的NE向右旋走滑断层;后碰撞造山侧向挤压期间(J1)形成走向NE的叠加褶皱,并在F2-F3'X'型断裂系上形成近EW向的拉张区,矿质沿着拉张的空间沉淀就位;燕山期(J2-K)岩石圈伸展,形成小规模的近水平逆断层。上述4个主要构造变形阶段与右江盆地的裂陷-闭合-坍塌的发展演化历史相吻合,成矿发生在由挤压向拉张过渡的构造体制转换阶段。造山期逆冲作用形成的构造闭圈和后碰撞造山期间挤压向伸展转变的过程中形成的局部张性构造环境是矿质得以大量聚集、沉淀的主要构造控制因素。构造成矿作用是锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿单一矿体垂向延深1000m以上的主要制约因素。构造成矿的观点将为在滇黔桂'金三角'卡林型金矿带的深部找矿提供重要的理论依据。 | 陈懋弘 毛景文 Phillip J.Uttley Tony Norman 吴六灵 郑建民 秦运忠 | 2007 | 矿床地质2007，26，4： | 51 |
| 3 | 中欧高压直流电网技术论坛综述显示文摘高压柔性直流输电和直流电网技术是解决可再生能源并网和大规模远距离传输最有效的方案之一。2015年9月7日和8日,在CIGRE(国际大电网会议)和中国电机工程学会的大力支持下和柏诚集团英国分公司(WSP|Parsons Brinckerhoff)的协助下,全球能源互联网研究院在英国伯明翰举行了为期两天的高压柔性直流输电和直流电网高峰技术论坛,邀请了欧洲和中国学术界、工业界直流输电和直流电网领域的40余位资深科研专家和决策者。本次论坛旨在通过对话,交流和探讨本领域的关键性问题、前沿技术以及未来发展方向。论坛期间,与会者展示了各自相关项目的实施、最新进展和成果。与此同时还对该领域现存的技术挑战和未来研究方向进行了广泛的讨论。该文从技术角度概述了与会者在高压柔性直流输电和直流电网技术领域的最新进展和成果,综述了本次论坛在柔性直流输电和直流电网领域所讨论的一些主要技术,介绍了参会的部分国际著名直流输电设备主要生产商的研发动态,根据论坛的讨论环节总结归纳了在高压柔性直流输电和直流电网领域所存在的挑战。 | 安婷 Bjarne Andersen Norman MacLeod 王伟男 | 2017 | 电网技术2017，41，8： | 40 |
| 4 | 闽语词汇的时代层次(英文)显示文摘语言里往往有读音不同而来源相同的词,譬如英文的shirt和skirt都可以追溯到同一个古日耳曼语的词根;只是前者为固有的盎格鲁撒克逊语,后者却是从与古英语很相近的一种古斯堪的纳维亚方言借来的。许多语言的词汇是这样分层次的;研究语言的历史演变,辨别这种词汇层次(lexical stratification)极其重要。汉语方言里类似的现象也很普遍。北京话有不少又读字:薄bao/bo,落lao/luo,熟Shou//shu,模mu/mo,更jing/geng,等等。这些字的又读都和上述英文例子一样:前者是北京方言固有的,而后者可视为外来的借词。这种词汇层次起因于方言受某一时代共同语或标准语的影响。在中国历史上方言不断吸收共同语的成份。在华南这种情形特别地普遍而复杂。汉族多次南迁。每次都带着某种汉语方言。秦汉时,汉人第一次涌进南方,与当地土著民族杂居。关于这些早期移民的语言,我们知道得很少,据《史记》记载,多半是犯逃亡罪的人、赘婿及小商,可以推测他们的语言是当代民间通用的共同汉语。南方方言,尤其是闽语方言,还保存着这个语言的遗迹。秦汉以后,汉族第二次大规模地迁移南方是在西晋灭亡的时候(公元316年),那时大量的北方士族移居江南,南朝的首都建菜就变成中国的文化中心。因为建业的文化声望远播四方,其语言对中国南方各地方言有相当大的影响,有时甚至于代替了当地方言。陆法言的《切韵》编于陈朝灭亡后不久,据周祖谟先生研究的结果,建业和邺下的雅言对《切韵》音系的影响很大。唐代的共同语大概以长安方言为基础,与《切韵》音系颇有出入。这个方言对当时各地方言的影响非常大。到辽金元三代,北京话就成为中国的新共同语,即所谓的“官话”。中国各地方言虽然也吸收了许多“官话”的成份,但其影响力不如上面所提的那些共同语那么广泛。闽语地区比较偏僻,受其他外来影响较少,至今还保存了不少秦汉时移民带来的词汇,同时也吸收了许多南朝和唐代的词汇。因此间语里同一个汉语词根,因为历史来源不一,往往有不同的读音。这就是词汇的时代层次的宝贵证据。厦门话里这类同源词特别多:譬如《切韵》昔韵的字时常有两三个或更多的读法。我认为这些“又读字”是由不同时代遗留下来的:最早的可以推测是汉代移民所说的汉语方言的遗迹;还有些是从南朝的雅言借来的;较新的就是唐朝中叶以后借的。比方说厦门话“石”字有三个读法;最老的是[tisio?~8],就是石头的意思;第二个读法是[sia?~8],用于石砚[sia?~8hi^6];第三个读法[sik^8]是一般的文言音。福州话有相同的现象:“悬”字读[kei?~2]是高的意思;读[hei?~2]用于悬落来[hei?~2 lo?~8 li^2],是下垂的意思;读[hie?~2]用于悬空[hie?~2 khu?~1]。[kein?~2,hei?~2,hie?~2]三个音都是从一个“悬”字演变下来的,反映出三个不同时代的层次。这样,闽语方言大体上可以分成三个重要的时代层次。闽语里也许有一些词不能归到这三个层次中,可以视为例外。一般说来,中国南方方言的词汇几乎都能追溯到上述的时代。这个现象不仅汉语方言里有,中国边缘上的和国内的非汉语也都吸收了大量的汉语措词,这些借词也可以追溯到不同的历史时代。譬如越南语“墓”字有三个音:ma,mo,mo,这三个读法正相当于上述三个层次。日本语也有类似的情形:所谓上古音(Joko-on)相当于第一个层次,吴音(Go-on)相当于第二个层次,而汉音(Kanon)乃是第三个层次。泰语、朝鲜语和苗瑶语都具有大量的汉语借词;这些语言是否也有这类层次现象,有待进一步研究。 | JERRY NORMAN | 1979 | 方言1979，1，4： | 30 |
| 5 | Utility of serological markers in inflammatory bowel diseases: Gadget or magic?显示文摘为煽动性的肠疾病(IBD ) 的血清学标记的面板很快正在膨胀。尽管 anti-Saccharomyces 啤酒抗体(ASCA ) 和不正常的仙子细胞质的抗体(P-ANCA ) 仍然是的原子反 neutrophil 广泛地调查的大多数,试验性的数据的增加的数量在对各种各样的微生物引起的抗原指导的最新发现的抗体上是可得到的。对在当前的 IBD 诊断算法的各种各样的抗体的评价的角色由于他们的有限敏感经常是可疑的。相反,有疾病行为和显型的血清学标记的协会正在变得逐渐地生长得很好。越来越多的观察证实有 Crohn 在高乳头 ers 表示多重血清学标记的疾病的病人是更可能的有复杂的小肠疾病(例如苛评或穿孔) 并且没有,或与抗体的低乳头 ers,比那些在为外科的更高的风险。基于血清学反应创造同质的疾病亚群可以帮助开发更多的标准化治疗学的途径并且可以在 IBD 的 pathomechanism 的更好的理解帮助。进一步未来的临床的研究被需要在 IBD 建立 serologic 的临床的角色。 | Maria Papp Gary L Norman Istvan Altorjay Peter Laszlo Lakatos | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，14： | 24 |
| 6 | 点焊镀锌钢板时电极表面熔敷TiC涂层对电极失效的影响显示文摘利用SEM、EDX和XRD等方法分析了在点焊镀锌钢板时电极表面熔敷TiC涂层对电极失效的影响。结果表明: 点焊镀锌钢板时电极的失效机制主要是电极和镀锌板之间局部焊接的断裂发生在电极表面而导致的电极磨损, 以及电极和镀锌板表面的锌之间的合金化。表面涂敷TiC的CuCrZr电极的寿命(1 200点)是CuCrZr电极寿命(500点)的 2 4倍, 表面处理能提高电极寿命的主要原因是在点焊镀锌钢板时表面涂敷的TiC层能阻碍电极和镀锌板之间的局部焊接和阻碍电极和镀锌板表面的锌之间的合金化。 | 董仕节 ZHOU Norman | 2005 | 中国有色金属学报2005，15，2： | 22 |
| 7 | 贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿床含砷黄铁矿和脉石英及其包裹体的稀土元素特征显示文摘贵州锦丰(烂泥沟)金矿是滇黔桂'金三角'目前已探明的最大的卡林型金矿床。含砷黄铁矿是该矿床最主要的载金矿物,脉石英是最显著的热液蚀变作用产物。含砷黄铁矿、脉石英及其包裹体具有相同的稀土元素特征,表现为轻重稀土分馏明显(LREE/HREE:7.95~31.77,(La/Yb)_N:8.97~40.49);轻稀土有一定的分异((La/Sm)_N:3.20~5.29),曲线右倾程度大;重稀土分异不明显((Gd/Yb)_N:1.41~3.35),曲线平坦;负铕异常明显(δEu 0.59~0.71);微弱的铈负异常(δCe 0.97~0.98)。代表成矿流体特征的脉石英包裹体稀土配分型式及特征值与区域上不同时代的幔源基性-超基性岩差别较大,而与矿床围岩、矿石、含砷黄铁矿及其包裹体稀土配分型式及特征值十分相似,具上部地壳普通沉积岩的特点,反映成矿流体主要不是来源于地幔,而是以壳源为主。Eu负异常反映了偏酸性(富CO_2)、还原性的成矿环境;微弱的Ce负异常表明成矿流体来源于以沉积水和热脱水为主的盆地流体。 | 陈懋弘 吴六灵 Phillip J.Uttley Tony Norman 郑建民 秦运忠 | 2007 | 岩石学报2007，23，10： | 21 |
| 8 | Golgi protein-73:A biomarker for assessing cirrhosis and prognosis of liver disease patients显示文摘BACKGROUND Reliable biomarkers of cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),or progression of chronic liver diseases are missing.In this context,Golgi protein-73(GP73)also called Golgi phosphoprotein-2,was originally defined as a resident Golgi type II transmembrane protein expressed in epithelial cells.As a result,GP73 expression was found primarily in biliary epithelial cells,with only slight detection in hepatocytes.However,in patients with acute or chronic liver diseases and especially in HCC,the expression of GP73 is significantly up-regulated in hepatocytes.So far,few studies have assessed GP73 as a diagnostic or prognostic marker of liver fibrosis and disease progression.AIM To assess serum GP73 efficacy as a diagnostic marker of cirrhosis and/or HCC or as predictor of liver disease progression.METHODS GP73 serum levels were retrospectively determined by a novel GP73 ELISA(QUANTA Lite®GP73,Inova Diagnostics,Inc.,Research Use Only)in a large cohort of 632 consecutive patients with chronic viral and non-viral liver diseases collected from two tertiary Academic centers in Larissa,Greece(n=366)and Debrecen,Hungary(n=266).Aspartate aminotransferase(AST)/Platelets(PLT)ratio index(APRI)was also calculated at the relevant time points in all patients.Two hundred and three patients had chronic hepatitis B,183 chronic hepatitis C,198 alcoholic liver disease,28 autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases,15 autoimmune hepatitis,and 5 with other liver-related disorders.The duration of follow-up was 50(57)mo[median(interquartile range)].The development of cirrhosis,liver decompensation and/or HCC during follow-up were assessed according to internationally accepted guidelines.In particular,the surveillance for the development of HCC was performed regularly with ultrasound imaging and alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)determination every 6 mo in cirrhotic and every 12 mo in non-cirrhotic patients.RESULTS Increased serum levels of GP73(>20 units)were detected at initial evaluation in 277 out of 632 patients(43.8%).GP73-seropositivity correlated at baseline with the presence of cirrhosis(96.4%vs 51.5%,P<0.001),decompensation of cirrhosis(60.3%vs 35.5%,P<0.001),presence of HCC(18.4%vs 7.9%,P<0.001)and advanced HCC stage(52.9%vs 14.8%,P=0.002).GP73 had higher diagnostic accuracy for the presence of cirrhosis compared to APRI score[Area under the curve(AUC)(95%CI):0.909(0.885-0.934)vs 0.849(0.813-0.886),P=0.003].Combination of GP73 with APRI improved further the accuracy(AUC:0.925)compared to GP73(AUC:0.909,P=0.005)or APRI alone(AUC:0.849,P<0.001).GP73 levels were significantly higher in HCC patients compared to non-HCC[22.5(29.2)vs 16(20.3)units,P<0.001)and positively associated with BCLC stage[stage 0:13.9(10.8);stage A:17.1(16.8);stage B:19.6(22.3);stage C:32.2(30.8);stage D:45.3(86.6)units,P<0.001]and tumor dimensions[very early:13.9(10.8);intermediate:19.6(18.4);advanced:29.1(33.6)units,P=0.004].However,the discriminative ability for HCC diagnosis was relatively low[AUC(95%CI):0.623(0.570-0.675)].Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the detection of GP73 in patients with compensated cirrhosis at baseline,was prognostic of higher rates of decompensation(P=0.036),HCC development(P=0.08),and liver-related deaths(P<0.001)during follow-up.CONCLUSION GP73 alone appears efficient for detecting cirrhosis and superior to APRI determination.In combination with APRI,its diagnostic performance can be further improved.Most importantly,the simple GP73 measurement proved promising for predicting a worse outcome of patients with both viral and nonviral chronic liver diseases. | Nikolaos K Gatselis Tamás Tornai Zakera Shums Kalliopi Zachou Asterios Saitis Stella Gabeta Roger Albesa Gary L Norman Mária Papp George N Dalekos | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，34： | 21 |
| 9 | Cu-Al-B_2O_3-TiO_2粉末机械合金化显示文摘利用XRD ,SEM和DTA等方法分析了Cu Al B2 O3 TiO2 粉末在机械合金化过程中的结构变化。结果表明 :Cu Al B2 O3 TiO2 粉末通过机械合金化可以形成Cu(Ti,B)及Al2 O3 和少量的TiCu3 粉末 ,Al2 O3 是通过机械合金化过程中局部的自维持反应形成的 ,并且有 6~ 12h的孕育期。在所研究的体系中 ,先产生 4Al+3TiO2 =3Ti+2Al2 O3 的自维持反应 ,此反应诱发了随后的 2Al+B2 O3 =2B +Al2 O3 自维持反应。球磨过程中局部的自维持反应与普通的自蔓延反应有相似的一面 ,其不同点主要是点燃温度低 ,点燃位置多。 | 董仕节 史耀武 雷永平 Zhou Norman | 2002 | 中国有色金属学报2002，12，4： | 19 |
| 10 | 英语结构上的岐义现象显示文摘操英语的人认为,说英语就象小孩玩积木块一样,可以随心所欲地把它们组合成各式各样的形体。这种说法未免太过天真了,因为英语是由大量我们非遵循不可的句法模式(Syntacticpattern)构成的。请看下面这个词组:Our firstlarge authorized class party,它的五个修饰语是按一定模式排列的,不可改变的。 | Norman C.Stageberg 王萃田 | 1984 | 现代外语1984，7，3： | 16 |
| 11 | 一种新的成矿流体示踪法——流体包裹体N_2-Ar-He示踪体系显示文摘本文介绍了一种新的成矿流体示踪法:N_2-Ar-He示踪体系,概述了其主要原理和分析方法,并以粤中长坑Au-Ag矿和粤东嵩溪Ag-Sb矿为例,进行了成矿流体N_2-Ar-He示踪体系研究,结果显示其成矿流体均主要来自建造水或沉积热卤水,为矿床成因研究提供了新的证据。 | 孙晓明 David I. Norman 孙凯 陈敬德 陈炳辉 | 2000 | 地质论评2000，46，1： | 16 |
| 12 | 闽语里的古方言字显示文摘The chief task of Chinese historical dialectology is to explain how the present-day dialects were formed.This is not an easy task since we still have only a very incomplete record of modern words.Historical records of ancient dialects are unfortunately even more sparse,and while the recording of modern dialects is an on-going process,the amount of dialectal data known from written sources of early centuries is unlikely to increase appreciably.Moreover,dialectal data from historical sources is of a fragmentary and unsystematic nature.But despite these shortcomings,in some casesthese ancient recordings can and do shed light on problems in modern dialectology.In this paper I will examine a number of such ancient dialect words and attempt to interpret their significance. | JERRY NORMAN | 1983 | 方言1983，5，3： | 15 |
| 13 | 真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法显示文摘常规单程波方程偏移方法不能保持声波波场的传播振幅,大倾角的波场振幅被削弱,同时,波场的传播受到90°倾角的限制。针对这些问题.提出了真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法。该方法首先向下延拓激发波场和接收波场,然后再将回转波场向上传播,从而将波场的传播角度范围拓宽到0°~180°,可以对任意倾角的构造进行成像,并通过引入真振幅校正项加强了大倾角结构的成像。将常规单程波方程偏移方法和真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法应用于墨西哥湾地区复杂盐丘模型和实际资料,结果显示,盐丘的陡倾角侧翼边界在常规单程波偏移中不能得到很好成像,经过全倾角单程波方程偏移处理后被清晰地显示出来。真振幅全倾角单程波方程偏移方法的计算量大约是常规方法的两倍。 | 张宇 徐升 张关泉 Norman Bleistein | 2007 | 石油物探2007，46，6： | 15 |
| 14 | Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation and IL-6/IL-10 co-expression are associated with impaired T-cell function in tuberculosis patients显示文摘T-cells critically contribute to protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection,and impaired T-cell responses can lead to disease progression.Pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines affect T-cells,and fine-tuned regulation of cytokine signaling via the Jak/STAT signaling pathways is crucial for appropriate T-cell function.Constitutive STAT3 phosphorylation as a consequence of aberrant cytokine signaling has been described to occur in pathognomonic T-cell responses in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.We characterized blood samples from tuberculosis patients(n=28)and healthy contacts(n=28)from Ghana for M.tuberculosis-specific T-cell responses,constitutive cytokine production,and SOCS3 and pSTAT3 expression.Lentiviral modulation of primary CD4+T-cells was performed to determine the effects of SOCS3 on T-cell functions.T-cells from tuberculosis patients expressed higher levels of IL-10 and IL-6 and lower levels of T helper type(TH)17 cytokines after M.tuberculosis-specific stimulation compared to healthy contacts.In addition,tuberculosis patients had higher IL-10 and IL-6 levels in the supernatants of non-stimulated immune cells and plasma samples compared to healthy contacts.Notably,aberrant cytokine expression was accompanied by high constitutive pSTAT3 levels and SOCS3 expression in T-cells.Multivariate analysis identified an IL-6/IL-10 co-expression-based principal component in tuberculosis patients that correlated with high pSTAT3 levels.SOCS3 contributed to a regulatory component,and tuberculosis patients with high SOCS3 expression showed decreased TH1 cytokine expression and impaired IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation.SOCS3 over-expression in primary CD4+T-cells confirmed the SOCS3 inhibitory function on IL-2-induced STAT5 phosphorylation.We conclude that constitutive pSTAT3 and high SOCS3 expression are influential factors that indicate impaired T-cell functions in tuberculosis patients. | Kirstin Harling Ernest Adankwah Alptekin Güler Anthony Afum-Adjei Awuah Louis Adu-Amoah Ertan Mayatepek Ellis Owusu-Dabo Norman Nausch Marc Jacobsen | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，3： | 15 |
| 15 | Diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: A systematic review and meta analysis显示文摘AIM: To detect pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) has been varied. This study is undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in detecting PNETs.METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery or appropriate follow-up were selected. Articles were searched in Medline, Ovid journals, Medline nonindexed citations, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Database of Systematic Reviews. Pooling was conducted by both fixed and random effects model). RESULTS: Initial search identified 2610 reference articles, of these 140 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Data was extracted from 13 studies (n = 456) which met the inclusion criteria. Pooled sensitivity of EUS in detecting a PNETs was 87.2% (95%CI: 82.2-91.2). EUS had a pooled specificity of 98.0% (95%CI: 94.3-99.6). The positive likelihood ratio of EUS was 11.1 (95%CI: 5.34-22.8) and negative likelihood ratio was 0.17 (95%CI: 0.13-0.24). The diagnostic odds ratio, the odds of having anatomic PNETs in positive as compared to negative EUS studies was 94.7 (95%CI: 37.9-236.1). Begg-Mazumdar bias indicator for publication bias gave a Kendall's tau value of 0.31 (P = 0.16), indication no publication bias. The P for χ2 heterogeneity for all the pooled accuracy estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity to detect PNETs. EUS should be strongly considered for evaluation of PNETs. | Srinivas R Puli Nikhil Kalva Matthew L Bechtold Smitha R Pamulaparthy Micheal D Cashman Norman C Estes Richard H Pearl Fritz-Henry Volmar Sonu Dillon Michael F Shekleton David Forcione | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，23： | 14 |
| 16 | Speciation with gene flow via cycles of isolation and migration:insights from multiple mangrove taxa显示文摘Allopatric speciation requiring an unbroken period of geographical isolation has been the standard model of neo-Darwinism. While doubts have been repeatedly raised, strict allopatry without any gene flow remains a plausible mechanism in most cases. To rigorously reject strict allopatry, genomic sequences superimposed on the geological records of a well-delineated geographical barrier are necessary. The Strait of Malacca,narrowly connecting the Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts, serves at different times either as a geographical barrier or a conduit of gene flow for coastal/marine species. We surveyed 1700 plants from 29 populations of 5 common mangrove species by large-scale DNA sequencing and added several whole-genome assemblies. Speciation between the two oceans is driven by cycles of isolation and gene flow due to the fluctuations in sea level leading to the opening/closing of the Strait to ocean currents. Because the time required for speciation in mangroves is longer than the isolation phases, speciation in these mangroves has proceeded through many cycles of mixing-isolation-mixing, or MIM, cycles. The MIM mechanism, by relaxing the condition of no gene flow, can promote speciation in many more geographical features than strict allopatry can. Finally, the MIM mechanism of speciation is also efficient, potentially yielding mn(m > 1) species after n cycles. | Ziwen He Xinnian Li Ming Yang Xinfeng Wang Cairong Zhong Norman C.Duke Chung-I Wu Suhua Shi | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，2： | 14 |
| 17 | Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure:Technical aspects and prevention of periprocedural complications with the watchman device显示文摘Transcatheter closure of the left atrial appendage has been developed as an alternative to chronic oral anticoagulation for stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation, and as a primary therapy for patients with contraindications to chronic oral anticoagulation. The promise of this new intervention compared with warfarin has been supported by several, small studies and two pivotal randomized trial with the Watchman Device. The results regarding risk reduction for stroke have been favourable although acute complications were not infrequent. Procedural complications, which are mainly related to transseptal puncture and device implantation, include air embolism, pericardial effusions/tamponade and device embolization. Knowledge of nature, management and prevention of complications should minimize the risk of complications and allow transcatheter left atrial appendage closure to emerge as a therapeutic option for patients with atrial fibrillation at risk for cardioembolic stroke. | Sven M bius-Winkler Nicolas Majunke Marcus Sandri Norman Mangner Axel Linke Gregg W Stone Ingo D hnert Gerhard Schuler Peter B Sick | 2015 | World Journal of Cardiology2015，7，2： | 14 |
| 18 | Updated Analysis of SWOG-Directed Intergroup Study 0116: A Phase III Trial of Adjuvant Radiochemotherapy Versus Observation After Curative Gastric Cancer Resection显示文摘 | Stephen R. Smalley Jacqueline K. Benedetti Daniel G. Haller Scott A. Hundahl Norman C. Estes Jaffer A. Ajani Leonard L. Gunderson Bryan Goldman James A. Martenson J. Milburn Jessup Grant N. Stemmermann Charles D. Blanke John S. Macdonald | 2012 | Journal of Clinical Oncology2012，，19： | 13 |
| 19 | Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours. | Sophie E Moore Rosana E Norman Shuichi Suetani Hannah J Thomas Peter D Sly James G Scott | 2017 | World Journal of Psychiatry2017，7，1： | 12 |
| 20 | More anxious than depressed:prevalence and correlates in a 15-nation study of anxiety disorders in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus显示文摘Background Anxiety disorder, one of the highly disabling, prevalent and common mental disorders, is known to be more prevalent in persons with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) than the general population, and the comorbid presence of anxiety disorders is known to have an impact on the diabetes outcome and the quality of life. However, the information on the type of anxiety disorder and its prevalence in persons with T2DM is limited. Aims To assess the prevalence and correlates of anxiety disorder in people with type 2 diabetes in different countries. Methods People aged 18-65 years with diabetes and treated in outpatient settings were recruited in 15 countries and underwent a psychiatric interview with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Demographic and medical record data were collected. Results A total of 3170 people with type 2 diabetes (56.2% women;with mean (SD) duration of diabetes 10.01 (7.0) years) participated. The overall prevalence of anxiety disorders in type 2 diabetic persons was 18%;however, 2.8% of the study population had more than one type of anxiety disorder. The most prevalent anxiety disorders were generalised anxiety disorder (8.1%) and panic disorder (5.1%). Female gender, presence of diabetic complications, longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control (HbA1c levels) were significantly associated with comorbid anxiety disorder. A higher prevalence of anxiety disorders was observed in Ukraine, Saudi Arabia and Argentina with a lower prevalence in Bangladesh and India. Conclusions Our international study shows that people with type 2 diabetes have a high prevalence of anxiety disorders, especially women, those with diabetic complications, those with a longer duration of diabetes and poorer glycaemic control. Early identification and appropriate timely care of psychiatric problems of people with type 2 diabetes is warranted. | Santosh K Chaturvedi Shayanth Manche Gowda Helal Uddin Ahmed Fahad D Alosaimi Nicola Andreone Alexey Bobrov Viola Bulgari Giuseppe Carra Gianluca Castelnuovo Giovanni de Girolamo Tomasz Gondek Nikola Jovanovic Thummala Kamala Andrzej Ki Nebojsa Lalic Dusica Lecic-Tosevski Fareed Minhas Victoria Mutiso David Ndetei Golam Rabbani Suntibenchakul Somruk Sathyanarayana Srikanta Rizwan Taj Umberto Valentini Olivera Vukovic Wolfgang Wolwer Larry Cimino Arie Nouwen Cathy Lloyd Norman Sartorius | 2019 | General Psychiatry2019，32，4： | 11 |
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