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| 1 | 卒中后疲劳:新出现的证据与管理方法美国心脏协会对医疗卫生专业人员发布的科学声明显示文摘至少半数卒中存活者会经历疲劳;因此,卒中后疲劳是引起患者、看护者和临床医生顾虑的一个常见原因。本科学声明根据围绕卒中后疲劳的发病率、患病率、生活质量和复杂发病机制新出现的证据提供了国际性观点。文章对药物和非药物治疗干预的证据,以及卒中后疲劳对卒中存活者和看护者的影响进行了回顾。 | Janice L. Hinkle Kyra J. Becker Jong S. Kim Smi Choi-Kwon Karen L. Saban Norma McNair Gillian E. Mead 李力 王惠娟 苗江永 祝春华 陈荣 徐珊 张祥建 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，10： | 24 |
| 2 | Hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after liver transplantation: Risk factors, screening and clinical presentation显示文摘Liver transplantation is the best treatment option for cirrhotic patients with earlystage hepatocellular carcinoma, but it faces the problem of scarcity of donors and the risk of tumor recurrence, which affects between 15% and 20% of the cases,despite the use of restrictive criteria. The risk of recurrence depends on a number of factors, related to the tumor, the patient, and the treatment, which are discussed in this review. Some of these factors are already well established, such as the histopathological characteristics of the tumor, Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP)levels, and waiting time. Other factors related to the biological behavior of the tumor and treatment should be recognized because they can be used in the refinement of the selection criteria of transplant candidates and in an attempt to reduce recurrence. This review also discusses the clinical presentation of recurrence and its prognosis, contributing to the identification of a subgroup of patients who may have better survival, if they are timely identified and treated.Development of recurrence after the first year, with AFP levels ≤ 100 ng/mL, and single site capable of locoregional therapy are associated with better survival after recurrence. | Norma Arteiro Filgueira | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，3： | 15 |
| 3 | Animals as sources of food-borne pathogens: A review显示文摘Food-producing animals are the major reservoirs for many foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter species, non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica, Shiga toxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. The zoonotic potential of foodborne pathogens and their ability to produce toxins causing diseases or even death are sufficient to recognize the seriousness of the situation. This manuscript reviews the evidence that links animals as vehicles of the foodborne pathogens Salmonella,Campylobacter, Shiga toxigenic E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, their impact, and their current status. We conclude that these pathogenic bacteria will continue causing outbreaks and deaths throughout the world, because no effective interventions have eliminated them from animals and food. | Norma Heredia Santos García | 2018 | Animal Nutrition2018，，3： | 14 |
| 4 | Human thrombin for the treatment of gastric and ectopic varices显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of human thrombin in the treatment of bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.METHODS:Retrospective observational study in a Tertiary Referral Centre.Between January 1999-October 2005,we identified 37 patients who were endoscopically treated with human thrombin injection therapy for bleeding gastric and ectopic varices.Patient details including age,gender and aetiology of liver disease/segmental portal hypertension were documented.The thrombin was obtained from the Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service and prepared to give a solution of 250 IU/mL which was injected via a standard injection needle.All patient case notes were reviewed and the total dose of thrombin given along with the number of endoscopy sessions was recorded.Initial haemostasis rates,rebleeding rates and mortality were catalogued along with the incidence of any immediate complications which could be attributable to the thrombin therapy.The duration of follow up was also listed.The study was conducted according to the United Kingdom research ethics guidelines.RESULTS:Thirty-seven patients were included.33 patients(89%) had thrombin(250 U/mL) for gastric varices,2(5.4%) for duodenal varices,1 for rectal varices and 1 for gastric and rectal varices.(1) Gastric varices,an average of 15.2 mL of thrombin was used per patient.Re-bleeding occurred in 4 patients(10.8%),managed in 2 by a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt(TIPSS)(one unsuccessfully who died) and in other 2 by a distal splenorenal shunt;(2) Duodenal varices(or type 2 isolated gastric varices),an average of 12.5 mL was used per patient over 2-3 endoscopy sessions.Re-bleeding occurred in one patient,which was treated by TIPSS;and(3) Rectal varices,an average of 18.3 mL was used per patient over 3 endoscopy sessions.No re-bleeding occurred in this group.CONCLUSION:Human thrombin is a safe,easy to use and effective therapeutic option to control haemorrhage from gastric and ectopic varices. | Norma C McAvoy John N Plevris Peter C Hayes | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，41： | 11 |
| 5 | Antioxidant properties of glutamine and its role in VEGF-Akt pathways in portal hypertension gastropathy显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effects of glutamine on oxidative/nitrosative stress and the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway in an experimental model of portal hypertension induced by partial portal vein ligation (PPVL). METHODS: Portal hypertension was induced by PPVL. The PPVL model consists of a partial obstruction of the portal vein, performed using a 20 G blunt needle as a guide, which is gently removed after the procedure. PPVL model was performed for 14 d beginning treatment with glutamine on the seventh day. On the fifteenth day, the mesenteric vein pressure was checked and the stomach was removed to test immunoreactivity and oxidative stress markers. We evaluated the expression and the immunoreactivity of proteins involved in the VEGF-Akt-eNOS pathway by Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. Oxidative stress was measured by quantification of the cytosolic concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) as well as the levels of total glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) production and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity. RESULTS: All data are presented as the mean ± SE. The production of TBARS and NO was significantly increased in PPVL animals. A reduction of SOD activity was detected in PPVL + G group. In the immunohistochemical analyses of nitrotyrosine, Akt and eNOS, the PPVL group exhibited significant increases, whereas decreases were observed in the PPVL + G group, but no difference in VEGF was detected between these groups. Western blotting analysis detected increased expression of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), P-Akt and eNOS in the PPVL group compared with the PPVL + G group, which was not observed for the expression of VEGF when comparing these groups. Glutamine administration markedly alleviated oxidative/nitrosative stress, normalized SOD activity, increased levels of total GSH and blocked NO overproduction as well as the formation of peroxynitrite. CONCLUSION: Glutamine treatment demonstrated to reduce oxidative damage but does not reduce angiogenesis induced by PH in gastric tissue, demonstrating a beneficial role for the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway. | Camila Marques Francielli Licks Ingrid Zattoni Beatriz Borges Luiz Eduardo Rizzo de Souza Claudio Augusto Marroni Norma Possa Marroni | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，28： | 9 |
| 6 | NICE指南概要:共病状态的临床评估和管理显示文摘大多数慢性疾病患者患有一种或多种慢性疾病,共病状态在老年人中十分常见(图1和图2)。共病状态的重要性在于其与降低生活质量、高死亡率、多重用药、更高药物不良事件几率、更多计划外医疗服务耗费均相关。共病患者需要频繁前往初级医疗保健机构和各个专科就诊,这些机构的医师之间可能缺乏有效沟通交流。 | Caroline Farmer Elisabetta Fenu Norma O'Flynn Bruce Guthrie 符天旭 | 2017 | 中国医院院长2017，13，5： | 8 |
| 7 | Factors predicting adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP: A single center experience显示文摘AIM: To identify potential factors that can predict adverse short-term outcomes in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP). METHODS: Retrospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to our center for acute cholangitis and underwent ERCP from 2001 to 2012. Involvement of two or more organ systems was termed as organ failure(OF). Cardiovascular failure was defined based on a systolic blood pressure of < 90 mmHg despite fluid replacement and/or requiring vasopressor treatment; respiratory failure if the Pa02 /Fi02 ratio was < 300 mmHg and/or required mechanical ventilation; coagulopathy if the platelet count was < 80; and renal insufficiency if serum creatinine was > 1.9 mg/dL. Variables associated with short term adverse clinical outcomes defined as persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality was determined. RESULTS: A total of 172 patients(median age 62 years, 56.4% female) were included. The median door to ERCP time was 17 h. Bile duct stones were the most common etiology(n = 67, 39.2%). In multivariate analysis, factors that were independently associated with persistent OF and/or 30-d mortality included American Society of Anesthesiology(ASA) physical classification score > 3(OR = 7.70; 95%CI: 2.73-24.40), presence of systemic inflammatory response syndrome(OR = 3.67; 95%CI: 1.34-10.3) and door to ERCP time greater than 72 h(OR = 3.36; 95%CI: 1.12-10.20). Door to ERCP time greater than 72 h was also associated with 70% increase in the mean length of stay(P < 0.001). Every one point increase in the ASA physical classification and every 1 mg/dL increase in the preERCP bilirubin level was associated with a 34% and 2% increase in the mean length of hospital stay, respectively. Transfer status did not impact clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION: Higher ASA physical classification and delays in ERCP are associated with adverse clinical outcomes and prolonged length of hospital stay in patients with acute cholangitis undergoing ERCP. | Udayakumar Navaneethan Norma G Gutierrez Ramprasad Jegadeesan Preethi GK Venkatesh Madhusudhan R Sanaka John J Vargo Mansour A Parsi | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，3： | 7 |
| 8 | Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of mesenteric ischemia and reperfusion显示文摘AIM: To evaluate preventative effects of glutamine in an animal model of gut ischemia/reperfusion(I/R).METHODS: Male Wistar rats were housed in a controlled environment and allowed access to food and water ad libitum. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups:(1) control group(control)- rats underwent exploratory laparotomy;(2) control + glutamine group(control-GLU)- rats were subjected to laparotomy and treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h prior to surgery;(3) I/R group- rats were subjected to occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min followed by 15 min of reperfusion; and(4) ischemia/reperfusion + glutamine group(G + I/R)- rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine 24 and 48 h before I/R. Local and systemic injuries were determined by evaluating intestinal and lung segments for oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation and the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD), interleukin-6(IL-6) and nuclear factor kappa beta(NFkB) after mesenteric I/R. RESULTS: Lipid peroxidation of the membrane was increased in the animals subjected to I/R(P < 0.05). However, the group that received glutamine 24 and 48 h before the I/R procedure showed levels of lipid peroxidation similar to the control groups(P < 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme SOD was decreased in the gut of animals subjected to I/R when compared with the control group of animals not subjected to I/R(P < 0.05). However, the group that received glutamine 24 and 48 h before I/R showed similar SOD activity to both control groups not subjected to I/R(P < 0.05). The mean area of NF-kB staining for each of the control groups was similar. The I/R group showed the largest area of staining for NF-kB. The G + I/R group had the second highest amount of staining, but the mean value was much lower than that of the I/R group(P < 0.05). For IL-6, control and control-GLU groups showed similar areas of staining. The I/R group contained the largest area of IL-6 staining, followed by the G + I/R animals; however, this area was significantly lower than that of the group that underwent I/R without glutamine(P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that pretreatment with glutamine prevents mucosal injury and improves gut and lung recovery after I/R injury in rats. | Gilmara Pandolfo Zabot Gustavo Franco Carvalhal Norma Possa Marroni Renata Minuzzo Hartmann Vinícius Duval da Silva Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 7 |
| 9 | Protective action of glutamine in rats with severe acute liver failure显示文摘BACKGROUND Severe acute liver failure(SALF) is a rare, but high-mortality, rapidly evolving syndrome that leads to hepatocyte degeneration with impaired liver function.Thioacetamide(TAA) is a known xenobiotic, which promotes the increase of the formation of reactive oxygen species. Erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2) activates the antioxidant protection of cells. Studies have evidenced the involvement of inflammatory mediators in conditions of oxidative stress.AIM To evaluate the antioxidant effects of glutamine on Nrf2 activation and NFκBmediated inflammation in rats with TAA-induced IHAG.METHODS Male Wistar rats(n = 28) were divided into four groups: control,control+glutamine, TAA, and TAA + glutamine. Two TAA doses(400 mg/kg)were administered intraperitoneally, 8 h apart. Glutamine(25 mg/kg) was administered at 30 min, 24 h, and 36 h. At 48 h, blood was collected for liver integrity analysis [aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and alkaline phosphatase(ALP)]. The liver was harvested for histology and assessment of oxidative stress [thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances(TBARS), catalase(CAT), glutathione peroxidase(GPx), glutathione S-transferase(GST), glutathione(GSH), Nrf2, Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1(Keap1),NADPH quinone oxidoreductase1(NQO1), superoxide dismutase(SOD)] and inflammatory process.RESULTS TAA caused disruption of the hepatic parenchyma, with inflammatoryinfiltration, massive necrosis, and ballooning degeneration. Glutamine mitigated this tissue damage, with visible regeneration of hepatic parenchyma; decreased TBARS(P < 0.001), GSH(P < 0.01), IL-1β, IL6, and TNFα levels(P <0.01) in hepatic tissue; and decreased blood levels of AST, ALT, and ALP(P <0.05). In addition, CAT, GPx, and GST activities were restored in the glutamine group(P<0.01, P <0.01, and P <0.001, respectively vs TAA alone). Glutamine increased expression of Nrf2(P < 0.05), NQO1, and SOD(P < 0.01), as well as levels of IL-10(P <0.001), while decreasing expression of Keap1, TLR4, NFκB(P < 0.001), COX-2 and iNOS,(P < 0.01), and reducing NO_2 and NO_3 levels(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In the TAA experimental model of IHAG, glutamine activated the Nrf2 pathway,thus promoting antioxidant protection, and blunted the NFκB-mediated pathway, reducing inflammation. | Elizangela G Schemitt Renata M Hartmann Josieli R Colares Francielli Licks Jéferson O Salvi Cláudio A Marroni Norma P Marroni | 2019 | World Journal of Hepatology2019，11，3： | 5 |
| 10 | Ubiquitin-proteasome system and oxidative stress in liver transplantation显示文摘A major issue in organ transplantation is the development of a protocol that can preserve organs under optimal conditions. Damage to organs is commonly a consequence of flow deprivation and oxygen starvation following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation. This is known as ischemia-reperfusion injury(IRI): a complex multifactorial process that causes cell damage. While the oxygen deprivation due to ischemia depletes cell energy, subsequent tissue oxygenation due to reperfusion induces many cascades, from reactive oxygen species production to apoptosis initiation. Autophagy has also been identified in the pathogenesis of IRI, although such alterations and their subsequent functional significance are controversial. Moreover, proteasome activation may be a relevant pathophysiological mechanism. Different strategies have been adopted to limit IRI damage, including the supplementation of commercial preservation media with pharmacological agents or additives. In this review, we focus on novel strategies related to the ubiquitin proteasome system and oxidative stress inhibition, which have been used to minimize damage in liver transplantation. | Norma Alva Arnau Panisello-Roselló Marta Flores Joan Roselló-Catafau Teresa Carbonell | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，31： | 5 |
| 11 | Our experience in sperm morphology assessment显示文摘 | Julia Irene Ariagno Susana Mercedes Curi Patricia Chenlo Herberto Ernesto Hector Repetto Mercedes Norma Pugliese Luis Alberto Palaoro Melba Sardi Gabriela Ruth Mendeluk | 2011 | Asian Journal of Andrology2011，13，2： | 4 |
| 12 | Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory action of melatonin in an experimental model of secondary biliary cirrhosis induced by bile duct ligation显示文摘AIM To evaluate the effects of melatonin(Mel) on oxidative stress in an experimental model of bile duct ligation(BDL).METHODS Male Wistar rats(n = 32, weight ± 300 g) were allocated across four groups: CO(sham BDL), BDL(BDL surgery), CO + Mel(sham BDL and Mel administration) and BDL + Mel(BDL surgery and Mel administration). Mel was administered intraperitoneally for 2 wk, starting on postoperative day 15, at a dose of 20 mg/kg.RESULTS Mel was effective at the different standards, reestablishing normal liver enzyme levels, reducing the hepatosomatic and splenosomatic indices, restoring lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzyme concentrations, reducing fibrosis and inflammation, and thereby reducing liver tissue injury in the treated animals.CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest a protective effect of Mel when administered to rats with secondary biliary cirrhosis induced by BDL. | Josieli Raskopf Colares Elizângela Goncalves Schemitt Renata Minuzzo Hartmann Francielli Licks Mariana do Couto Soares Adriane Dal Bosco Norma Possa Marroni | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，40： | 3 |
| 13 | Atlantoaxial rotatory displacement in children显示文摘AIM To correlate the Pang and Lee class with the clinical course in a consecutive series of patients presenting with painful torticollis.METHODS Forty-seven dynamic rotational computed tomography(CT) scans in 35 patients were classified into one of the five types defined by Pang and Li, including types Ⅰ(atlantoaxial rotatopry fixation), Ⅱ('pathologic stickiness' without crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅲ('pathologic stickiness' with crossover of C1 on C2), Ⅳ(normal or muscular torticollis), and Ⅴ(diagnostic grey zone). The Pang and Li class was then compared with the radiologist's report, which was graded abnormal, diagnosis of rotatory subluxation or fixation, or non-diagnostic. Medical records were reviewed and the clinical course was compared among the five subtypes.RESULTS We reviewed 47 CT scans in 35 patients, and the majority were performed without sedation. The average age was 7.7 years(4-14 years old) and associated conditions included minor trauma(20%), surgical procedures around the head and neck(29%), and Grisels syndrome(20%). Twenty-six percent of our studies fell within the pathologic spectrum(5% type 1 or rotatory fixation, 21% types 2 and 3 or rotatory subluxation), while 45% were classified as muscular torticollis(45%) and 28% fell within the diagnostic grey zone. Seven radiologists interpreted these studies, and their interpretation was discordant in 45% of cases. Clinical resolution occurred in 27 of 29 cases for which follow-up was available. One of two patients with fixed rotatory subluxation required a C1-C2 arthrodesis.CONCLUSION The Pang and Li classification characterizes a spectrum of abnormalities in rotation to facilitate communication, although the indications for dynamic CT scan should be further defined. | David Spiegel Shikshya Shrestha Prakash Sitoula Norma Rendon John Dormans | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，11： | 3 |
| 14 | Glutamine prevents oxidative stress in a model of portal hypertension显示文摘AIM To evaluate the protective effects of glutamine in a model of portal hypertension(PH) induced by partial portal vein ligation(PPVL).METHODS Male Wistar rats were housed in a controlled environment and were allowed access to food and water ad libitum. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four experimental groups:(1) control group(SO)-rats underwent exploratory laparotomy;(2) control + glutamine group(SO + G)-rats were subjected to laparotomy and were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine;(3) portal hypertension group(PPVL)-rats were subjected to PPVL; and(4) PPVL + glutamine group(PPVL + G)-rats were treated intraperitoneally with glutamine for seven days. Local injuries were determined by evaluating intestinal segments for oxidative stress using lipid peroxidation and the activities of glutathione peroxidase(GPx), endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase(i NOS) after PPVL.RESULTS Lipid peroxidation of the membrane was increased in the animals subjected to PH(P < 0.01). However, the group that received glutamine for seven days after the PPVL procedure showed levels of lipid peroxidation similar to those of the control groups(P > 0.05). The activity of the antioxidant enzyme GTx was decreased in the gut of animals subjected to PH compared with that in the control group of animals not subjected to PH(P < 0.01). However, the group that received glutamine for seven days after the PPVL showed similar GTx activity to both the control groups not subjected to PH(P > 0.05). At least 10 random, non-overlapping images of each histological slide with 200 × magnification(44 pixel = 1 μm) were captured. The sum means of all áreas, of each group were calculated. The mean areas of e NOS staining for both of the control groups were similar. The PPVL group showed the largest area of staining for e NOS. The PPVL + G group had the second highest amount of staining, but the mean value was much lower than that of the PPVL group(P < 0.01). For i NOS, the control(SO) and control + G(SO + G) groups showed similar areas of staining. The PPVL group contained the largest area of i NOS staining, followed by the PPVL + G group; however, this area was significantly smaller than that of the group that underwent PH without glutamine(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION Treatment with glutamine prevents gut mucosal injury after PH in rats. | Gilmara Pandolfo Zabot Gustavo Franco Carvalhal Norma Possa Marroni Francielli Licks Renata Minuzzo Hartmann Vinícius Duval da Silva Henrique Sarubbi Fillmann | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，25： | 3 |
| 15 | N-acetylcysteine modulates angiogenesis and vasodilation in stomach such as DNA damage in blood of portal hypertensive rats显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the antioxidant effect of N-acetylcysteine(NAC) on the stomach of rats with portal hypertension.METHODS: Twenty-four male Wistar rats weighing ± 250 g were divided into four experimental groups(n =6 each): Sham-operated(SO),SO + NAC,partial portal vein ligation(PPVL),and PPVL + NAC. Treatment with NAC in a dose of 10 mg/kg(i.p.) diluted in 0.6 m L of saline solution was administered daily for 7 d starting 8 d after the surgery. Animals from the PPVL and SO group received saline solution(0.6 m L) for the same period of time as the PPVL + NAC and SO + NAC group. On the 15 th day the animals were anesthetized and we evaluated portal pressure by cannulating mesenteric artery. After,we removed the stomach for further analysis. We performed immunohistochemical analysis for endothelial nitric oxide synthase(e NOS),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),and nitrotirosine(NTT) proteins in stomach. We also evaluated e NOS and VEGF by Western blot analysis and assessed DNA damage in blood samples by the comet assay.RESULTS: The portal hypertension group exhibited increases in portal pressure when compared to SO group(29.8 ± 1.8 vs 12.0 ± 0.3 mm Hg)(P < 0.001). The same was observed when we compared the e NOS(56.8 ± 3.7 vs 13.46 ± 2.8 pixels)(P < 0.001),VEGF(34.9 ± 4.7 vs 17.46 ± 2.6 pixels)(P < 0.05),and NTT(39.01 ± 4.0 vs 12.77 ± 2.3 pixels)(P < 0.05) expression by immunohistochemistry of the PPVL animals with the SO group. The expression of e NOS(0.39 ± 0.03 vs 0.25 ± 0.03 a.μ)(P < 0.01) and VEGF(0.38 ± 0.04 vs 0.26 ± 0.04 a.μ)(P < 0.01) were also evaluated by Western blot analysis,and we observed an increase of both proteins on PPVL animals. We also evaluated the DNA damage by comet assay,and observed an increase on damage index and damage frequency on those animals. NAC decreased portal pressure values in PPVL + NAC animals(16.46 ± 2 vs 29.8 ± 1.8 mm Hg)(P < 0.001) when compared to PPVL. The expression of e NOS(14.60 ± 4.1 vs 56.8 ± 3.7 pixels)(P < 0.001),VEGF(19.53 ± 3.2 vs 34.9 ± 4.7 pixels)(P < 0.05) and NTT(21.84 ± 0.7 vs 39.01 ± 4.0 pixels)(P < 0.05) evaluated by immunohistochemistry were also reduced in PPVL + NAC animals. Also,when evaluated by Western blot e NOS expression(0.32 ± 0.03 vs 0.39 ± 0.03 a.μ)(P < 0.05) and VEGF expression(0.31 ± 0.09 vs 0.38 ± 0.04 a.μ)(P < 0.01). Furthermore,NAC modulated DNA damage in PPVL + NAC animals.CONCLUSION: In view of these results,we believe NAC is able to protect the stomach from the alterations induced by the PPVL procedure. | Francielli Licks Renata Minuzzo Hartmann Camila Marques Elizangela Schemitt Josieli Raskopf Colares Mariana do Couto Soares Juliana Reys Camila Fisher Juliana da Silva Norma Possa Marroni | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 2 |
| 16 | Feasibility, safety, acceptability, and yield of office-based, screening transnasal esophagoscopy (with video)显示文摘 | Anne F. Peery Toshitaka Hoppo Katherine S. Garman Evan S. Dellon Norma Daugherty Susan Bream Alejandro F. Sanz Jon Davison Melissa Spacek Diane Connors Ashley L. Faulx Amitabh Chak James D. Luketich Nicholas J. Shaheen Blair A. Jobe | 2012 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2012，，5： | 2 |
| 17 | Proton nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabonomic models for non-invasive diagnosis of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C:Optimizing the classification of intermediate fibrosis显示文摘AIM To develop metabonomic models(MMs), using 1 H nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) spectra of serum, to predict significant liver fibrosis(SF: Metavir ≥ F2), advanced liver fibrosis(AF: METAVIR ≥ F3) and cirrhosis(C: METAVIR = F4 or clinical cirrhosis) in chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients. Additionally, to compare the accuracy of the MMs with the aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index(APRI) and fibrosis index based on four factors(FIB-4). METHODS Sixty-nine patients who had undergone biopsy in the previous 12 mo or had clinical cirrhosis were included. The presence of any other liver disease was a criterion for exclusion. The MMs, constructed using partial least squares discriminant analysis and linear discriminant analysis formalisms, were tested by cross-validation, considering SF, AF and C. RESULTS Results showed that forty-two patients(61%) presented SF, 28(40%) AF and 18(26%) C. The MMs showed sensitivity and specificity of 97.6% and 92.6% to predict SF; 96.4% and 95.1% to predict AF; and 100% and 98.0% to predict C. Besides that, the MMs correctly classified all 27(39.7%) and 25(38.8%) patients with intermediate values of APRI and FIB-4, respectively. CONCLUSION The metabonomic strategy performed excellently in predicting significant and advanced liver fibrosis in CHC patients, including those in the gray zone of APRI and FIB-4, which may contribute to reducing the need for these patients to undergo liver biopsy. | Andrea Dória Batista Carlos Jonnatan Pimentel Barros Tássia Brena Barroso Carneiro Costa Michele Maria Goncalves de Godoy Ronaldo Dionísio Silva Joelma Carvalho Santos Mariana Montenegro de Melo Lira Norma ThoméJucá Edmundo Pessoa de Almeida Lopes Ricardo Oliveira Silva | 2018 | World Journal of Hepatology2018，10，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Prospective, randomized, endoscopic-blinded trial comparing precolonoscopy bowel cleansing methods显示文摘 | Stephen M. Cohen M.D. Steven D. Wexner M.D. Sander R. Binderow M.D. Juan J. Nogueras M.D. Norma Daniel R.N. Eli D. Ehrenpreis M.D. Jonathan Jensen M.D. Gregory F. Bonner M.D. William B. Ruderman M.D | 1994 | Diseases of the Colon & Rectum1994，，7： | 2 |
| 19 | 美国老年人社区服务系统的演变和未来发展显示文摘本文提供了一个关于美国的旨在关注迅速增长的老年人口的需求的服务系统演化的概述,它也包含了当前美国各级政府讨论的话题:那就是根据美国人口普查,到2030年美国老年人口将达到7千万,65岁以上老年人的数量是2000年的两倍。这不仅影响政府的政治决策,还对家庭、劳动人口以及老年人居住的社区有影响,另外还有不断增长的健康护理需求,对更好的长期的护理项目的需求。 | Norma D.Thomas | 2012 | 重庆工商大学学报(社会科学版)2012，29，3： | 2 |
| 20 | Differentiation of cotton fibers from single cells in suspension culture显示文摘 | Norma L. Trolinder Jerry D. Berlin Joe R. Goodin | 1987 | In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology1987，，11： | 2 |
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