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| 1 | Understanding host-microbial interactions in rumen:searching the best opportunity for microbiota manipulation显示文摘Ruminants utilize a wide variety of dietary substrates that are not digestible by the mammals, through microbial fermentation taking place in the rumen. Recent advanced molecular based approaches have allowed the characterization of rumen microbiota and its compositional changes under various treatment conditions.However, the knowledge is still limited on the impacts of variations in the rumen microbiota on host biology and function. This review summarizes the information to date on host-microbial interactions in the rumen and how we can apply such information to seek the opportunities to enhance the animal performance through manipulating the rumen function. | Nilusha Malmuthuge Le Luo Guan | 2017 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2017，8，2： | 23 |
| 2 | The knowns, known unknowns and unknowns of sequestration of soil organic carbon显示文摘 | Uta Stockmann Mark A. Adams John W. Crawford Damien J. Field Nilusha Henakaarchchi Meaghan Jenkins Budiman Minasny Alex B. McBratney Vivien de Remy de Courcelles Kanika Singh Ichsani Wheeler Lynette Abbott Denis A. Angers Jeffrey Baldock Michael Bird Phil | 2013 | Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment2013，，： | 1 |
| 3 | Medical,behavioural and social preconception and interconception risk factors among pregnancy planning and recently pregnant Canadian women显示文摘Objectives The objective of this study is to describe the clustering of medical,behavioural and social preconception and interconception health risk factors and determine demographic factors associated with these risk clusters among Canadian women.Design Cross-sectional data were collected via an online questionnaire assessing a range of preconception risk factors.Prevalence of each risk factor and the total number of risk factors present was calculated.Multivariable logistic regression models determined which demographic factors were associated with having greater than the mean number of risk factors.Exploratory factor analysis determined how risk factors clustered,and Spearman’s r determined how demographic characteristics related to risk factors within each cluster.Setting Canada.Participants Participants were recruited via advertisements on public health websites,social media,parenting webpages and referrals from ongoing studies or existing research datasets.Women were eligible to participate if they could read and understand English,were able to access a telephone or the internet,and were either planning a first pregnancy(preconception)or had≥1 child in the past 5 years and were thus in the interconception period.Results Most women(n=1080)were 34 or older,and were in the interconception period(98%).Most reported risks in only one of the 12 possible risk factor categories(55%),but women reported on average 4 risks each.Common risks were a history of caesarean section(33.1%),miscarriage(27.2%)and high birth weight(13.5%).Just over 40%had fair or poor eating habits,and nearly half were not getting enough physical activity.Three-quarters had a body mass index indicating overweight or obesity.Those without a postsecondary degree(OR 2.35;95%CI 1.74 to 3.17)and single women(OR 2.22,95%CI 1.25 to 3.96)had over twice the odds of having more risk factors.Those with two children or more had 60%lower odds of having more risk factors(OR 0.68,95%CI 0.52 to 0.86).Low education and being born outside Canada were correlated with the greatest number of risk clusters.Conclusions Many of the common risk factors were behavioural and thus preventable.Understanding which groups of women are prone to certain risk behaviours provides opportunities for researchers and policy-makers to target interventions more efficiently and effectively. | Cindy-Lee Dennis Alessandra Prioreschi Hilary K Brown Sarah Brennenstuhl Rhonda C Bell Stephanie Atkinson Dragana Misita Flavia Marini Sarah Carsley Nilusha Jiwani-Ebrahim Catherine Birken | 2022 | Family Medicine and Community Health2022，10，3： | 0 |
| 4 | Response of tropical avifauna to visitor recreational disturbances: a case study from the Sinharaja World Heritage Forest, Sri Lanka显示文摘Background: We investigated the impact of human recreational disturbances on the distribution of birds along a popular nature trail in Sinhararja World Heritage Forest, Sri Lanka. It was hypothesized that visual and noise stimuli caused by the presence of humans affect the distribution of avifauna associated with this nature trail.Methods: Nine circular plots of 25 m fixed-radius laid along the trail(0 m), and 18 plots laid perpendicular to the trail at 75 and 150 m intervals, were studied from March 2013 to January 2014. The degree of human recreational disturbances was assessed in terms of visitor group size(visual disturbance) and their noise level(sound disturbance). These disturbances were categorized along a four-point scale(no human disturbance, low, medium and high disturbance). The relationship between disturbance levels and the abundance of birds was statistically tested.Results: ANOVA results revealed that the abundance of birds differed significantly under various intensities of recreational disturbances at each distance level. A significant negative correlation between abundance of birds and intensity of disturbance at 0 m distance suggests an avoidance of edge habitats by birds in the presence of humans. Abundance of birds increased at the 75 and 150 m distance levels with increasing disturbances occurring at the trail. Significant negative correlations were further observed between disturbance level and the abundance of birds in ground/understory and sub-canopy vertical strata of the forest at 0 m distance.Conclusions: Under high levels of recreational disturbance occurring at this trail, the abundance of birds near the trail declined significantly, while bird abundance in the interior of the forest increased. The sensitivity of individual bird species to visitor disturbances varied with the vertical stratum of the forest they usually occupy. Birds occupying the ground, understory and sub-canopy are particularly sensitive to recreational disturbances while bird species occupying the canopy and above are less vulnerable to recreational disturbances. | Nilusha S.Alwis Priyan Perera Nihal P.Dayawansa | 2016 | Chinese Birds2016，，3： | 0 |
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