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| 1 | Carbon dioxide insufflation during colonoscopy in deeply sedated patients显示文摘AIM:To compare the impact of carbon dioxide(CO2) and air insufflation on patient tolerance/safety in deeply sedated patients undergoing colonoscopy.METHODS:Patients referred for colonoscopy were randomized to receive either CO2 or air insufflation during the procedure.Both the colonoscopist and patient were blinded to the type of gas used.During the procedure,insertion and withdrawal times,caecal intubationrates,total sedation given and capnography readings were recorded.The level of sedation and magnitude of patient discomfort during the procedure was assessed by a nurse using a visual analogue scale(VAS)(0-3).Patients then graded their level of discomfort and abdominal bloating using a similar VAS.Complications during and after the procedure were recorded.RESULTS:A total of 142 patients were randomized with 72 in the air arm and 70 in the CO2 arm.Mean age between the two study groups were similar.Insertion time to the caecum was quicker in the CO2 group at 7.3 min vs 9.9 min with air(P = 0.0083).The average withdrawal times were not significantly different between the two groups.Caecal intubation rates were 94.4% and 100% in the air and CO2 groups respectively(P = 0.012).The level of discomfort assessed by the nurse was 0.69(air) and 0.39(CO2)(P = 0.0155) and by the patient 0.82(air) and 0.46(CO2)(P = 0.0228).The level of abdominal bloating was 0.97(air) and 0.36(CO2)(P = 0.001).Capnography readings trended to be higher in the CO2 group at the commencement,caecal intubation,and conclusion of the procedure,even though this was not significantly different when compared to readings obtained during air insufflation.There were no complications in both arms.CONCLUSION:CO2 insufflation during colonoscopy is more efficacious than air,allowing quicker and better cecal intubation rates.Abdominal discomfort and bloating were significantly less with CO2 insufflation. | Rajvinder Singh Eu Nice Neo Nazree Nordeen Ganesananthan Shanmuganathan Angelie Ashby Sharon Drummond Garry Nind Elizabeth Murphy Andrew Luck Graeme Tucker William Tam | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，25： | 3 |
| 2 | A systems approach to immediate evaluation and management of hyperacute stroke : experience at eight centers and implications for community practice and patient care显示文摘 | The National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) rt - PA Stroke Study Group | 1997 | Stroke1997，28，8： | 1 |
| 3 | Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke显示文摘 | The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group | 1997 | Stroke a journal of cerebral circulation1997，28，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Tissue plasminogen for acute ischemic stroke显示文摘 | NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group | 1995 | N Eng J Med1995，333，： | 1 |
| 5 | Intracerebral hem- orrhage after intravenous t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke 显示文摘 | The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group | 1997 | Stroke1997，28，11： | 1 |
| 6 | A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease 显示文摘 | NINDS NET-PD Investigators | 2006 | Neurology2006，66，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Generalized efficacy of t PA for acute stroke subgroup analysis of the NINDS t PA Stroke Trial显示文摘 | The NINDS rt PA Stroke Study Group | 1997 | Stroke1997，28，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke显示文摘 | The NINDS Stroke Study Group | 1995 | N Engl J Med1995，333，： | 1 |
| 9 | Priorities for clinicalresearch in intracerebral hemorrhage : Report from a Na-tionllnstitute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke work-shop显示文摘 | NINDS ICH Workshop participate | 2005 | Stroke2005，36，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Mechanisms of gastroesophageal reflux in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients显示文摘 | Nind G Chen W Protheroe R | 2005 | Gastroenterology2005，128，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Tissue plasminogen activator for acute isehemic stroke显示文摘 | The NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group | 1995 | N Engl J Med1995，333，： | 1 |
| 12 | Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous tPA therapy for ischemic stroke显示文摘 | NINDS rt-PA Stroke Study Group | 1997 | Stroke1997，28，： | 1 |
| 13 | Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous t - PA therapy for isehemic stroke 显示文摘 | The NINDS rt - PA stroke study group | 1997 | Stroke1997，28，： | 1 |
| 14 | A randomized, double-blind, futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease 显示文摘 | NINDS NET-PD Investigators | 2006 | Neurology2006，66，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Association of outcome with early stoke trentmcnt : pooled analysis of ATLANTIS, ECASS, and NINDS rt - PA stroke trials显示文摘 | The Atlantis ECASS NINDS rt - PA Study Group Investigators | 2004 | Lancet2004，363，： | 1 |
| 16 | A randomized,doubleblind,futility clinical trial of creatine and minocycline in early Parkinson disease显示文摘 | The NINDS NET-PD Investigators | 2006 | Neurology2006，66，5： | 1 |
| 17 | Report from a National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Workshop显示文摘 | NINDS ICH Workshop Participants Priorities for clinical research in intrccerebral hemorrhage | 2005 | Stroke2005，36，： | 1 |
| 18 | Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke 显示文摘 | NINDS t-PA Stroke Study Group | 1995 | N Engl J Med1995，333，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of Intravenous Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator on Ischemic Stroke 显示文摘 | NINDS | 2000 | Stroke2000，31，： | 1 |
| 20 | When is your head at?An exploration of the factors associated with the temporal focus of the wandering mind显示文摘 | SMALLWOOD J NIND L O’CONNOR R C | 2009 | Consciousness&Cognition2009，18，1： | 1 |
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