| 5 | Galectin-3 mediated risk of inflammation in stable schizophrenia,with only possible secondary consequences for cognition显示文摘BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that cytokines cause immune disturbances,shape immunological sequelae later in life,and modulate the risk of schizophrenia(SC).Galectin-3(Gal-3),a multifaceted molecule of the glycan family,is involved in the formation of the immunological synapse and modulates the signalling pathway and effector functions of T lymphocytes,which are major producers of cytokines.We have previously reported elevated serum Gal-3 levels in stable SC patients.However,Gal-3 as a link between cognitive functioning and inflammation has not yet been investigated in SC.AIM To investigate the relationship between serum Gal-3 levels and cognitive performance,serum cytokines,and white blood cell count in three-month stably treated SC patients.METHODS Twenty-seven patients with SC in remission and 18 healthy volunteers participated in this casecontrol and correlational study.Clinical assessment was performed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Montreal-Cognitive Assessment.The results of previously measured serum levels of Gal-3,interleukin(IL)-33,soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2(sST2),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),IL-6 and IL-17 were used for further statistical analyses,and IL-4,IL-23,IL-1βand transforming growth factor-beta(TGF-β)were now additionally measured with a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.The number of leukocytes in the blood and the percentage of neutrophils,lymphocytes,and monocytes were determined with a standardized routine measurement procedure(Sysmex Technology).Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 20.0 software.RESULTS We found no correlation between serum Gal-3 levels and cognitive functioning in SC patients.A positive correlation was found between the levels of Gal-3 and TNF-α(r=0.476;P=0.012),Gal-3and IL-23(r=0.417;P=0.031),and Gal-3 and sST2(r=0.402;P=0.038).The binary logistic model,which included all nine cytokines measured in this patient sample,indicated the particular role of Gal-3 and TGF-βin the duration of SC.In the stabilization phase of SC,we observed a moderate and negative correlation between serum Gal-3 levels and leukocytes(r=-0.449;P<0.019).Additional linear regression analysis showed a positive correlation between Gal-3 expression and risperidone dose(F:4.467;P<0.045;r^(2)=0.396).CONCLUSION The combined activity of Gal-3 and proinflammatory cytokines,TGF-βdownregulation and lower counts of leukocytes influence the SC duration.Gal-3 likely manifests indirect immunometabolic regulation of cognition in SC. | Slavica Minic Janicijevic Ivan P Jovanovic Nevena M Gajovic Milena M Jurisevic Monojit Debnath Nebojsa N Arsenijevic Milica M Borovcanin | 2022 | World Journal of Psychiatry2022，12，9： | 1 |
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