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| 1 | Pathophysiology of constipation in the older adult显示文摘This review provides information on the definition of constipation, normal continence and defecation and a description of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of constipation. In addition, changes in the anatomy and physiology of the lower gastrointestinal tract associated with aging that may contribute to constipation are described. MEDLINE (1966-2007) and CINAHL (1980-2007) were searched. The following MeSH terms were used: constipation/etiology OR constipation/ physiology OR constipation/physiopathology) AND (age factors OR aged OR older OR 80 and over OR middle age). Constipation is not well defined in the literature. While self-reported constipation increases with age, findings from a limited number of clinical studies that utilized objective measures do not support this association. Dysmotility and pelvic floor dysfunction are important mechanisms associated with constipation. Changes in GI function associated with aging appear to be relatively subtle based on a limited amount of conflicting data. Additional research is warranted on the effects of aging on GI function, as well as on the timing of these changes. | G Lindsay McCrea Christine Miaskowski Nancy A Stotts Liz Macera Madhulika G Varma | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，17： | 21 |
| 2 | Use of Farmers’ Indicators to Evaluate the Sustainability of Cropping Systems on Sloping Land in Yunnan Province, China显示文摘Diversity in the biophysical and socio-economic attributes of agricultural systems makes them uniquely niche based. Farmers are expert in local biophysical and socio-economic situations and can contribute in developing pragmatic indicators of agro-environmental development. During evaluation of an agricultural research project in Yunnan, China, local farmers were capable of evaluating the effects of modified technologies on existing cropping systems and discussed their attitudes to the interventions using their own indicators. Farmers’ response can be grouped into seven major aspects: i) effects on income, ii) effects on production resources, iii) effects on crop management, iv) existing local knowledge about the technology, v) availability of inputs, vi) access to information, and vii) socio-economic conditions of farming households. Farmers concluded that environmental conditions in the experimental catchment in comparison to an adjacent untreated catchment were better in terms of soil and water losses, vegetation cover and natural resources, infrastructures and catchment management, use of environmentally-friendly technologies, and crop productivity. Success in soil and water conservation programmes depends on the efforts of the farmers and other local users and their greater involvement helps to identify more pragmatic indicators. Furthermore, it increases ownership of the programme, enhances interactions with the project scientists, increases farmers’ awareness of agro-environmental problems and their possible consequences. These development will enable scientists to develop better targeted interventions and increase the likelihood of adoption of tested technologies by local communities. The use of paired adjacent catchments improved evaluation activities and is proposed as good practice for future catchment improvement programmes. | M. SUBEDI T. J. HOCKING M. A. FULLEN A, R. McCREA E. MILNE WU Bo-Zhi D. Jo MITCHELL | 2009 | Pedosphere2009，19，3： | 4 |
| 3 | An Awareness-Adoption Matrix for Strategic Decision Making in Agricultural Development Projects: A Case Study in Yunnan Province, China显示文摘Significant achievements have been made in generating sustainable agricultural technologies in developing countries. Usually, these new technologies have been more effective in increasing production and productivity than existing technologies. However, many new technologies considered ‘effective’ have not been successful in alleviating the associated sustainability problems, due to poor adoption by targeted users. Success of any novel technical intervention should be judged on the basis of how widespread adoption is in the target area by targeted users. In this context, a case study identified the factors affecting farmers’ adoption of improved technologies extended by an agricultural development project in a rural Village in Yunnan Province, China. Initial adoption/adaptation of project technologies was influenced by farmers’ awareness of the technology. Farmers were more aware of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, intercropping and tree planting technologies than others. This led to a comparatively high initial uptake of polythene mulch, contour cultivation, sweet chestnut, and intercropping technologies. Farmers had inadequate knowledge about some Project technologies, the adoption of which was particularly low. This reveals the need for increasing farmers’ awareness about the rationale for Project technologies to achieve greater adoption/adaptation of project technologies by farmers over wider areas. Farmers’ testing of the technology leads to better adoption/adaptation compared to mere awareness. However, considerable time and resources are required for testing/trying technologies. This justifies the usefulness of comparatively quick and less resource demanding options for awareness creation. Development of effective cropping technologies is important for sustainable agricultural development. The success of any agricultural development project, especially in terms of improving sustainability, depends on how widely those improved technologies are adopted/adapted by farmers in the targeted region. Therefore, farmers’ adoption of technologies should be a key criterion for judging the success of any project. The awareness-adoption matrix is a useful tool to guide research and development projects to achieve expected adoption/adaptation of technologies. Use of the matrix helps identification of weak and strong aspects of research and development projects and thus assists strategic decision-making. | M Subedi T J Hocking M A Fullen A R McCrea E Milne WU Bo-zhi D J Mitche | 2009 | Agricultural Sciences in China2009，8，9： | 2 |
| 4 | The Development of a Scale to assess control in pain mangmant during labour显示文摘 | Wright M | 2000 | J Reprod Infant Psychol2000，2，18： | 1 |
| 5 | The isotopic chemistry of carbonates and a paleotemperature-scale显示文摘 | McCrea J M | 1950 | Journal of Chemical Physics1950，18，： | 1 |
| 6 | Thiophenehydrodesulfurization over alumina-supported molybdenumcarbide and nitride catalysts: Effect of Mo loading andphase显示文摘 | McCrea K R Logan J W Tarbuck T L | 1997 | Journal of Catalysis1997，171，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Official position of the Mil- itary TBI Task Force on the role of neuropsychology and reha- bilitation psychology in the evaluation management, and re- search of military veterans with traumatic brain injury显示文摘 | McCrea M Pliskin N Barth J | 2008 | Clin Neuropsychol2008，22，： | 1 |
| 8 | Increased expression of Fascin, motility associated protein, in cell cultures, derived from ovarian cancer and in borderline and carcinomatous ovarian tumors 显示文摘 | Hu W McCrea PD Deavers M | 2000 | Clin Exp metastasis2000，18，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Increased expression of Fascin, motility associated protein,in cell cultures, derived from ovarian cancer and in borderline and carcinomatous ovarian tumors显示文摘 | Hu W McCrea PD Deavers M | 2000 | Clin Exp metastasis2000，18，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Frodo Links Dishevelled to the p120-Catenin/Kaiso Pathway: Distinct Catenin Subfamilies Promote Wnt Signals显示文摘 | Jae-il Park Hong Ji Sohee Jun Dongmin Gu Hiroki Hikasa Lei Li Sergei Y. Sokol Pierre D. McCrea | 2006 | Developmental Cell2006，，5： | 1 |
| 11 | A role for kaiso p120 ctn comple xesin cancer? 显示文摘 | Van Roy F M McCrea P D | 2005 | Nat RevCancer2005，5，12： | 1 |
| 12 | Control of human glioma cell growth,migration and invasion in vitro by transforming growth factor beta1显示文摘 | Merzak A McCrea S Koocheckpour S | 1994 | Br J Cancer1994，70，2： | 1 |
| 13 | A hybrid macroscopic based model for traffic flow in road networks 显示文摘 | MCCREA J MOUTARI S | 2010 | European Journal of Operational Research2010，207，2： | 1 |
| 14 | the role of ability Judgements in self - handicapping显示文摘 | Sean M McCrea & Edward R Hirt | 2001 | Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin2001，27，10： | 1 |
| 15 | Time and magnitude of torque generation is impaired in both arms following stroke 显示文摘 | Mccrea PH Eng JJ Hodgson AJ | 2003 | Phys Ther2003，83，1： | 1 |
| 16 | The clock paradox in relativity theory 显示文摘 | McCrea W H | 1951 | Nature1951，167，： | 1 |
| 17 | Primary blast traumatic brain in- jury in the rat: relating diffusion tensor imaging and behavior 显示文摘 | Budde MD Shah A McCrea M | 2013 | Front Neurol2013，14，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Theoretical study of a linear accelerator used as a VUV/X-ray source using the inverse Compton scattering mechanism: Comparisons and applica- tions显示文摘 | SCHILL Jr R A McCREA E | 1997 | Laser and Particle Beams1997，15，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Increased expression of Fascin, motility associated protein, in cell cultures derived from ovarian cancer and in borderline and carcinomatous ovarian tumors显示文摘 | Hu W McCrea PD Deavers M | 2000 | Clin Exp Metastasis2000，18，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Tiaml overexpression potentiates heregulin-induced lymphoid enhancer factor-l/beta - catenin nuclear signaling in breast cancer cells by modulating the intercellular stability显示文摘 | Adam L Vadlamudi RK McCrea P | 2001 | J Biol Chem2001，276，28： | 1 |
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