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| 1 | Economic Assessment and Review of Waterless Fracturing Technologies in Shale Resource Development: A Case Study显示文摘Our database tracking of USA water usage per well indicates that traditionally shale operators have been using, on average 3 to 6 million gallons of water; even up to 8 million for the entire life cycle of the well based on its suitability for re-fracturing to stimulate their long and lateral horizontal wells. According to our data, sourcing, storage, transportation, treatment, and disposal of this large volume of water could account for up to 10% of overall drilling and completion costs. With increasingly stringent regulations governing the use of fresh water and growing challenges associated with storage and use of produced and flowback water in hydraulic fracturing, finding alternative sources of fracturing fluid is already a hot debate among both the scientific community and industry experts. On the other hand, waterless fracturing technology providers claim their technology can solve the concerns of water availability for shale development. This study reviews high-level technical issues and opportunities in this challenging and growing market and evaluates key economic drivers behind water management practices such as waterless fracturing technologies, based on a given shale gas play in the United States and experience gained in Canada. Water costs are analyzed under a variety of scenarios with and without the use of(fresh) water. The results are complemented by surveys from several oil and gas operators. Our economic analysis shows that fresh water usage offers the greatest economic return. In regions where water sourcing is a challenge, however, the short-term economic advantage of using non-fresh water-based fracturing outweighs the capital costs required by waterless fracturing methods. Until waterless methods are cost competitive, recycled water usage with low treatment offers a similar net present value(NPV) to that of sourcing freshwater via truck, for instance. | Iman Oraki Kohshou Reza Barati Meaghan Cassey Yorro Tim Leshchyshyn Adebola T. Adejumo Usman Ahmed Imre Kugler Murray Reynolds James McAndrew | 2017 | Journal of Earth Science2017，28，5： | 2 |
| 2 | E-Finance: An Introduction显示文摘 | Franklin Allen James McAndrews Philip Strahan | 2002 | Journal of Financial Services Research2002，，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond 显示文摘 | Wyrsch B McFerrasn MA McAndrew M | 1996 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)1996，78，11： | 1 |
| 4 | Open Learning at a Dis- tance: Lessons for Struggling MOOCs 显示文摘 | McAndrew P Scanlon E | 2013 | multidisci- plinary sciences2013，，6165： | 1 |
| 5 | Tibial pilon fractures: a comparison of treatment methods 显示文摘 | Pugh K J Wolinsky P R McAndrew M P | | J Trauma0，47，5： | 1 |
| 6 | In vivo quantitative relationship between plastid division proteins FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 and identification of ARC6 and ARC3 in a native FtsZ complex显示文摘 | McAndrew R S Olson B J Kadirjan-Kalbaeh D K | 2008 | Biochemical Journal2008，412，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Fit- for-purpose development of the enabling route to crizotinib(PF-02341066) 显示文摘 | Koning PD McAndrew D Moore R | 2011 | Org Process Res Dev2011，15，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Electrochemical polishing of copper for microelectronic applications 显示文摘 | HUO J SOLANKI R MCANDREW J | 2003 | Surface Engineering2003，19，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Why are Banks Holding so Many Excess Reserves? 显示文摘 | Keister T McAndrews J | 2009 | Current Issues in Eco-nomics and Finance2009，15，8： | 1 |
| 10 | Study of anodic layers and their effects on electropolishing of bulk and clectroplated films of copper 显示文摘 | HUO J SOLANK1 R MCANDREW J | 2004 | Journal of Applied Electrochemistry2004，34，： | 1 |
| 11 | Aquaculture: global status and trends显示文摘 | Bostock J McAndrew B Richards R | 2010 | Philosoph Transa Roy Soc B: Biol Sci2010，365，1554： | 1 |
| 12 | Whatb new in orthopacxlie trauma显示文摘 | Ricei WM Spiguel A McAndrew C et cd | 2013 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2013，95，14： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect ofcryoprotectaats on activity of selected enzymes in fish embryos显示文摘 | Adam M M Rana K J McAndrew B J | 1995 | Cryobiology1995，32，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Chloroplast division and morphology are differentially affected by overexpression of FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 genes in Arabidopsis显示文摘 | Stokes K D McAndrew R S Figueroa R | 2000 | Plant Physiology2000，124，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Radiographic study of post-retained crowns in patients attending a dental hospital显示文摘 | Grieve AR McAndrew R A | 1993 | Br Dent J1993，174，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Operative treatment of fractures of the tibial plafond,a randomized,prespective study显示文摘 | Mcferran MA Mcandrew M | 1996 | J Bone Joint Surg Am1996，78，： | 1 |
| 17 | Colocalization of plastid division proteins in the chloroplast stromalcompartment establishes a new functional relationship between FtsZ1 and FtsZ2 in higher plants显示文摘 | McAndrew R S Froehlich J E Vitha S | 2001 | Plant Physiology2001，127，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Mitochondrial DNA diversity in three populations of the giant tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon 显示文摘 | Klinbunga S Penman D J McAndrew B J | 1999 | Mar Biotechnol1999，1，： | 1 |
| 19 | E - finance: An introduc- tion 显示文摘 | ALLEN F MCANDREWS J STRAHAN P | 2002 | Journal of Financial Services Research2002，22，12： | 1 |
| 20 | Topological entropy显示文摘 | ADLER R L KONHEIM A G MCANDREW M H | 1965 | Trans Amer Math Soc1965，114，： | 1 |
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