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| 1 | Gastroenterology in developing countries:Issues and advances显示文摘Developing countries shoulder a considerable burden of gastroenterological disease. Infectious diseases in particular cause enormous morbidity and mortality. Diseases which afflict both western and developing countries are often seen in more florid forms in poorer countries. Innovative techniques continuously improve and update gastroenterological practice. However, advances in diagnosis and treatment which are commonplace in the West, have yet to reach many developing countries. Clinical guidelines, based on these advances and collated in resource-rich environments,lose their relevance outside these settings. In this two-part review, we first highlight the global burden of gastroenterological disease in three major areas: diarrhoeal diseases, hepatitis B, and Helicobacter pylori . Recent progress in their management is explored, with consideration of future solutions. The second part of the review focuses on the delivery of clinical services in developing countries. Inadequate numbers of healthcare workers hamper efforts to combat gastroenterological disease. Reasons for this shortage are examined, along with possibilities for increased specialist training. Endoscopy services, the mainstay of gastroenterology in the West, are in their infancy in many developing countries. The challenges faced by those setting up a service are illustrated by the example of a Nigerian endoscopy unit. Finally, we highlight the limited scope of many clinical guidelines produced in western countries. Guidelines which take account of resource limitations in the form of 'cascades' are advocated in order to make these guidelines truly global. Recognition of the different working conditions facing practitioners worldwide is an important step towards narrowing the gap between gastroenterology in rich and poor countries. | Kate L Mandeville Justus Krabshuis Nimzing Gwamzhi Ladep Chris JJ Mulder Eamonn MM Quigley Shahid A Khan | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，23： | 8 |
| 2 | Cocaine activation discriminates dopaminergic projections by temporal response: an fMRI in rat 显示文摘 | Mandeville JB Weisskoff RM | 2000 | Neuroimage2000，11，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Successful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal ultrasonography显示文摘 | Timor- Tritsch IE Monteagudo A Mandeville EO | 1994 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1994，170，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Direct parameter-extraction method for HBT small-signal model显示文摘 | Bousnina Sami Mandeville Pierre Kouki Ammar B | 2002 | IEEE Transactions on Micro- wave Theory and Techniques2002，50，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Functional magnetic resonance imaging of reorganization in rat brain after stroke显示文摘 | Dijkhuizen RM Ren J Mandeville JB | 2001 | Proc Natl Acad Sci USA2001，98，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Cocaine activation discriminates dopaminergic projections by temporal response:an fMRI study in rat显示文摘 | Marota JJ Mandeville JB Weisskoff RM | 2000 | Neuroimage2000，11，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Succesful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal uhrasonography 显示文摘 | TIMOR- TRITSCH IE MONTEAGUDO A MANDEVILLE EO | 1994 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1994，170，： | 1 |
| 8 | Technique for Fast Measurement of Gaussian Laser Beam Parameters 显示文摘 | ARNAUD J A HUBBARD W M MANDEVILLE G D | 1971 | Appl Opt1971，10，： | 1 |
| 9 | Efficacy of nitroglycerine infusion versus sublingual nifedipine in severe pro - eclampsia: a randomized, triple - blind, controlled trial 显示文摘 | Manzur - Verastequi S Mandeville PB Gordillo - Moscoso A | 2008 | Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol2008，35，56： | 1 |
| 10 | Pilot study : orally administered yeast β-gluean prophylactically protects against anthrax infection and cancer in mice 显示文摘 | VETVICKA V TERAYAMA K MANDEVILLE R | 2002 | J Am Nutracert Assoc2002，5，： | 1 |
| 11 | Fluid immiscibility in volcanic environments显示文摘 | Webster J D Mandeville C W | 2007 | Reviews in Mineralogy: Geochemistry2007，65，： | 1 |
| 12 | Successful management of viable cervical pregnancy by local injection of methotrexate guided by transvaginal ultrasonography显示文摘 | Timor-Tritsch IE Monteagudo A Mandeville EO | 1994 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1994，170，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Cutaneous benign mixedtumor ( chondroid syringoma) of the eyelid : clinical presentationand manage- ment显示文摘 | Mandeville JT Roh JH Woog J J | 2004 | Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg2004，20，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Visual motion processing investigated using contrast agent-enhanced fMRI in awake behaving monkeys显示文摘 | Vanduffel W Fize D Mandeville JB | 2001 | Neuron2001，32，4： | 1 |
| 15 | A comparison of the flaking qualities of Nehawka Chert before and after thermal pretreatment显示文摘 | Mandeville MD Flenniken JD | | 0，，19： | 1 |
| 16 | Correlation between brain reorganization, ischemic damage, and neurologic status after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘 | Dijkhuizen RM Singhal AB Mandeville JB | 2003 | J Neurosci2003，23，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Cocaine activation discriminates dopaminergic projections by temporal response: an fMR1 study in Rat显示文摘 | Marota J J Mandeville JB Weisskoff RM | 2000 | Neuroimage2000，11，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Dynamic functional cerebral blood volume responses to normobaric hyperoxia in acute ischemic stroke显示文摘 | Wu O Lu J Mandeville JB | 2012 | J Cereb Blood Flow Metab2012，32，9： | 1 |
| 19 | New advances in benign prostatic hyperplasia: laser therapy 显示文摘 | Mandeville J Gnessin E Lingeman JE | 2011 | Curr Urol Rep2011，12，1： | 1 |
| 20 | Abstract Knowledge and Reified Financial Innovation:Building Wisdom and Ethics In- to Financial Innovation Networks显示文摘 | David Rooney Tom Mandeville Tim Kastelle | 2013 | Journal of Business Ethics2013，，： | 1 |
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