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| 1 | Simultaneous follow-up of mouse colon lesions by colonoscopy and endoluminal ultrasound biomicroscopy显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the potential use of colonoscopy and endoluminal ultrasonic biomicroscopy(eUBM)to track the progression of mouse colonic lesions.METHODS:Ten mice were treated with a single azoxy-methane intraperitoneal injection(week 1)followed by seven days of a dextran sulfate sodium treatment in their drinking water(week 2)to induce inflammationassociated colon tumors.eUBM was performed simultaneously with colonoscopy at weeks 13,17-20 and21.A 3.6-F diameter 40 MHz mini-probe catheter was used for eUBM imaging.The ultrasound mini-probe catheter was inserted into the accessory channel of a pediatric flexible bronchofiberscope,allowing simultaneous acquisition of colonoscopic and eUBM images.During image acquisition,the mice were anesthetized with isoflurane and kept in a supine position over a stainless steel heated surgical waterbed at 37℃.Both eUBM and colonoscopic images were captured and stored when a lesion was detected by colonoscopy or when the eUBM image revealed a modified colon wall anatomy.During the procedure,the colon was irrigated with water that was injected through a flush port on the mini-probe catheter and that acted as the ultrasound coupling medium between the transducer and the colon wall.Once the acquisition of the last eUBM/colonoscopy section for each animal was completed,the colons were fixed,paraffin-embedded,and stained with hematoxylin and eosin.Colon images acquired at the first time-point for each mouse were compared with subsequent eUBM/colonoscopic images of the same sites obtained in the following acquisitions to evaluate lesion progression.RESULTS:All 10 mice had eUBM and colonoscopic images acquired at week 13(the first time-point).Two animals died immediately after the first imaging acquisition and,consequently,only 8 mice were subjected to the second eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition(at the second time-point).Due to the advanced stage of colonic tumorigenesis,5 animals died after the second time-point image acquisition,and thus,only three were subjected to the third eUBM/colonoscopy imaging acquisition(the third time-point).eUBM was able to detect the four layers in healthy segments of colon:the mucosa(the first hyperechoic layer moving away from the mini-probe axis),followed by the muscularis mucosae(hypoechoic),the submucosa(the second hyperechoic layer)and the muscularis externa(the second hypoechoic layer).Hypoechoic regions between the mucosa and the muscularis externa layers represented lymphoid infiltrates,as confirmed by the corresponding histological images.Pedunculated tumors were represented by hyperechoic masses in the mucosa layer.Among the lesions that decreased in size between the first and third time-points,one of the lesions changed from a mucosal hyperplasia with ulceration at the top to a mucosal hyperplasia with lymphoid infiltrate and,finally,to small signs of mucosal hyperplasia and lymphoid infiltrate.In this case,while lesion regression and modification were observable in the eUBM images,colonoscopy was only able to detect the lesion at the first and second time-points,without the capacity to demonstrate the presence of lymphoid infiltrate.Regarding the lesions that increased in size,one of them started as a small elevation in the mucosa layer and progressed to a pedunculated tumor.In this case,while eUBM imaging revealed the lesion at the first time-point,colonoscopy was only able to detect it at the second time-point.All colonic lesions(tumors,lymphoid infiltrate and mucosal thickening)were identified by eUBM,while colonoscopy identified just76%of them.Colonoscopy identified all of the colonic tumors but failed to diagnose lymphoid infiltrates and increased mucosal thickness and failed to differentiate lymphoid infiltrates from small adenomas.During the observation period,most of the lesions(approximately67%)increased in size,approximately 14%remained unchanged,and 19%regressed.CONCLUSION:Combining eUBM with colonoscopy improves the diagnosis and the follow-up of mouse colonic lesions,adding transmural assessment of the bowel wall. | Rossana C Soletti Kelly Z Alves Marcelo AP de Britto Dyanna G de Matos Mnica Soldan Helena L Borges Joo C Machado | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，44： | 1 |
| 2 | Incidence, risk factors and prognostic factors of acute renal failure in patients admitted to an intensive care unit 显示文摘 | Mataloun SE Machado FR Senna AP | 2006 | Braz J Med Biol Res2006，39，10： | 1 |
| 3 | Preparation and characterization of D, L-PLA loaded 17-beta-Estradiol valerate by emulsion/evaporation methods 显示文摘 | MACHADO SR LUNARDI LO TRISTAO AP | 2009 | J Microencapsul2009，26，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Assessment of the molecular basis of the proallergic effects of cigarette smoke显示文摘 | Smyth LJC Machado DC Upton AP | 2000 | Environ Sci Technol2000，34，： | 1 |
| 5 | Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery显示文摘 | Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG | 2007 | Braz Dent J2007，18，2： | 1 |
| 6 | The effect of simvastatin on systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction induced by periodontitis 显示文摘 | MACHADO WM PRESTES AP COSTA TP | 2014 | J Periodontal Res2014，49，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Aminoguanidine and metformin prevent the reduced rate of HDL-mediated cell cholesterol efflux induced by formarion of advanced glycation end products 显示文摘 | Machado AP Pinto RS Moyses ZP | 2006 | J Biochem Cell Biol2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Electro-acupuncture efficacy on pain control after mandibular third molar surgery显示文摘 | Tavares MG Machado AP Motta BG | 2007 | Braz Dent J2007，18，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Aminoguanidine and metformin prevent the reduced rate of HDL-mediated cell cholesterol efflux induced by formation of advanced glycation end products显示文摘 | Pinto RS Moyses ZP | 2006 | Int J Biochem Cell Biol2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Incidence, risk factors and prognostic factors of acute renal failure in patients admitted to an intensive care unit显示文摘 | Mataloun SE Machado FR Senna AP | 2006 | Braz J Med Biol Res2006，39，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Eicosapentaenoic acid decreases TNF-alpha and protects dystrophic muscles of mdx mice from degeneration显示文摘 | Machado RV Mauricio AF Taniguti AP | | Neuroimmunol0，232，： | 1 |
| 12 | Mitochondrial creatine kinase activity prevents reactive oxygen species generation: antioxidant role of mitochondrial kinase-dependent ADP re-cycling activity显示文摘 | Meyer LE Machado LB Santiago AP | 2006 | J Biol Chem2006，281，37： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification of domi-nant negative mutants of Rheb GTPase and their use to implication theinvolvement of human Rheb in the activation of p70S6K显示文摘 | Tabancay AP Jr Gau CL Machado IM | 2003 | J BiolChem2003，278，39： | 1 |
| 14 | Aminoguanidine and metformin prevent the reduced rate of HDL-mediated cell cholesterol efflux induced by formation of advanced glycation end products显示文摘 | Machado AP Pinto RS Moyses ZP | 2006 | Int J Biochem Cell Biol2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Eicosapentaenoie acid decreases TNF- alpha and protects dystrophic muscles of mdx mice from degeneration 显示文摘 | Machado RV Maurieio AF Taniguti AP | 2011 | Neuroimmunol2011，232，： | 1 |
| 16 | Incidence, risk factors and prognostic factors of acute renal failure in patients admitted to an intensive care unit 显示文摘 | Mataloun SE Machado FR Senna AP | 2006 | Braz J Med Biol Res2006，39，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Functional(in) dependence in the dependent relationship of quadriplegic men with their (un) replaceable parents/caregivers 显示文摘 | Machado WCA Scramin AP | 2010 | Rev Esc Enferm USP2010，44，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Incidence, risk factors and prognostic factors of acute renal failure in patients admitted to an intensive care unit显示文摘 | Mataloun SE Machado FR Senna AP | 2006 | Braz J Med Biol Res2006，39，10： | 1 |
| 19 | Phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and bullous keratopathy:case report显示文摘 | Obeid WN Richinho Kde P Osores AP Machado MA Obeid Rde C Vieira LA | 2005 | Arq Bras Oftalmol2005，68，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Incidence,risk factors and prognostic factors of acute renal failure in patients admitted to an intensive care unit显示文摘 | Mataloun SE Machado FR Senna AP | 2006 | Braz J Med Biol Res2006，39，10： | 1 |
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