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| 1 | Role of frailty and sarcopenia in predicting outcomes among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery显示文摘According to the United States census bureau 20% of Americans will be older than 65 years in 2030 and half of them will need an operation- equating to about 36 million older surgical patients. Older adults are prone to complications during gastrointestinal cancer treatment and therefore may need to undergo special pretreatment assessments that incorporate frailty and sarcopenia assessments. A focused, structured literature review on Pub Med and Google Scholar was performed to identify primary research articles, review articles, as well as practice guidelines on frailty and sarcopenia among patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery. The initial search identified 450 articles; after eliminating duplicates, reports that did not include surgical patients, case series, as well as case reports, 42 publications on the impact of frailty and/or sarcopenia on outcome of patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery were included. Frailty is defined as a clinically recognizable state of increased vulnerability to physiologic stressors resulting from aging. Frailty is associated with a decline in physiologic reserve and function across multiple physiologic systems. Sarcopenia is a syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Unlike cachexia, which is typically associated with weight loss due to chemotherapy or a general malignancy-related cachexia syndrome, sarcopenia relates to muscle mass rather than simply weight. As such, while weight reflects nutritional status, sarcopenia- the loss of muscle mass- is a more accurate and quantitative global marker of frailty. While chronologic age is an important element in assessing a patient's peri-operative risk, physiologic age is a more important determinant of outcomes. Geriatric assessment tools are important components of the preoperative work-up and can help identify patients who suffer from frailty. Such data are important, as frailty and sarcopenia have repeatedly been demonstrated among the strongest predictors of both short- and longterm outcome following complicated surgical procedures such as esophageal, gastric, colorectal, and hepatopancreatico-biliary resections. | doris wagner mara mcadams demarco neda amini stefan buttner dorry segev faiz gani timothy m pawlik | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，1： | 8 |
| 2 | Multidimensional imaging of the thorax: practical applications 显示文摘 | Ravenel JG McAdams HP Remy-Jardin M | 2001 | Thorac Imaging2001，16，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Bronchogenic Cyst:Imaging Features with Clinical and Histopathologic Correlation显示文摘 | McAdams H P Kirejczyk W M Rosado-de-Christenson M L | 2000 | Radiology2000，217，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Castleman disease of the thorax: radiologic features with clinlcal and histopathologic correlation显示文摘 | MCADAMS H P BOSADO-DE-CHRISTENSON M FISHBACK N F | 1998 | Radiology1998，209，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Pulmonary mucorrnycosis:radiologic findings in 32 cases显示文摘 | McAdams HP Rosado de Christenson M Strollo DC | 1997 | AJR Am J Roentgenol1997，168，： | 1 |
| 6 | Identifying the elas-ticity of substitution with biased technical change 显示文摘 | Leon-Ledesma M A Mcadam P Willman A | 2010 | AmericanEconomic Review2010，100，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Mediastinal hemangioma:radiographic and CT features in 14 patients显示文摘 | Rosado-de-Christenson M Moran CA | 1994 | Radiology1994，193，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Mediastinal hemangioma:radiographic and CT finding in 14 patients显示文摘 | McAdams HP Rosado dechirstenson M Moran CA | 1994 | Radiology1994，193，3： | 1 |
| 9 | ICOS is critical for CD40 mediated antibody class switching显示文摘 | McAdam A J Greenwald R J Levin M A Chernova T Malenkovich N Ling V | 2001 | Nature2001，409，： | 1 |
| 10 | Relapsing polychondritis: prospective study of 23 patients and a reiew of the literature显示文摘 | McAdam L P Hanlan M A Bluestone R | 1976 | Medicine ( Baltimore)1976，55，： | 1 |
| 11 | Building Futures or Stealing Secrets? Entrepreneurial Cooperation and Conflict within Business Incubators显示文摘 | MCADAM M MARLOW S | 2007 | Internation- al Small Business Journal2007，25，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Multidimensional imaging of the thorax: practical applications显示文摘 | Ravenel JG McAdams HP Remy-Jardin M | 2001 | J Thorac Imaging2001，6，： | 1 |
| 13 | ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching显示文摘 | McAdam A J Greenwald R J Levin M A | 2001 | Nature2001，409，6816： | 1 |
| 14 | SF6-its properties and uses as a gaseous insulator in vander graaf aceelerators显示文摘 | Ashbaugh P G McAdam D W James M F | 1965 | IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science1965，12，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Tuberculosis and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Africans and variation in the vitamin D receptor gene显示文摘 | Bellamy R Ruwende C Corrah T McAdam KP Thursz M Whittle HC Hill AV | 1999 | J Infect Dis1999，179，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Relapsing polychondritis: prospective study of 23 patients and a review of the iterature 显示文摘 | MCADAM L P OHANLAN M A BLUESTONE R | 1976 | Medicine ( Baltimore )1976，55，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Mediastinalhemangioma: radiographic and CT finding in 14 patients显示文摘 | McAdams HP Rosado-de-chirstenson M Moran CA | 1994 | Radiol1994，193，3： | 1 |
| 18 | Castle- man disease of the thorax : radiologic features with clinical and his- topathologie correlation 显示文摘 | McAdams HP Rosado-de-Christenson M Fishbaek NF | 1998 | Radiology1998，209，： | 1 |
| 19 | Mediastinal hemangioma:radiographic and CT features in 14 patients显示文摘 | McAdams HP Rosado-de-Christenson M Moran CA | 1994 | Radiology1994，1，3： | 1 |
| 20 | ICOS is critical for CD40-mediated antibody class switching显示文摘 | McAdam A J Greenwald R J Levin M A | 2001 | Nature2001，409，6816： | 1 |
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